# NeuronUP

> NeuronUP. Web platform of cognitive rehabilitation

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## Pages

- [NeuronUP for associations](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/associations/): Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation AFA Viveiro, Down Coruña, and the Asociación Granadina de Esclerosis Múltiple are some...
- [NeuronUP for neurorehabilitation centers](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/neurorehabilitation-centers/): Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation MITAI, Aire Valencia, and Aita Menni are some of the rehabilitation centers that...
- [NeuronUP for nursing homes](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/nursing-homes/): Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation DomusVi Fátima, Santa Maria del Tura, and Rey Aridad Rosales are some of...
- [NeuronUP for hospitals](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/hospitals/): Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario de Cruces,...
- [NeuronUP for groups](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/groups/): Organizations at the forefront of neurorehabilitation choose NeuronUP Sanitas, Sanofi, Vitalia, Cruz Roja, Caser, Grupo 5, and Emeis already trust...
- [Neurorehabilitation Solutions](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/): Neurorehabilitation Solutions NeuronUP is a web platform for neurorehabilitation designed to serve as a key support for professionals involved in...
- [Solutions for neurorehabilitation professionals](https://neuronup.us/what-is-neuronup-professional-tool-for-rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation/solutions-for-neurorehabilitation-professionals/): NeuronUP is an application that provides therapists with tools to achieve the greatest possible level of functional autonomy for users...
- [Advantages of creating patients in NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/product/advantages-of-creating-patients-in-neuronup/): How many systems do you use to monitor your patients’ information? Creating a profile for each patient in NeuronUP will...
- [NeuronUP Equality Plan 2024 – 2025](https://neuronup.us/about-us/neuronup-equality-plan/): 1. Introduction NeuronUP SL, headquartered at Calle Piqueras nº 31, 5th Floor, Logroño (La Rioja), with VAT number B-26479725, is...
- [Information Security Policy](https://neuronup.us/about-us/information-security-policy/): 1. Introduction NeuronUP relies on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) systems to achieve its objectives. These systems must be managed...
- [Environmental Policy](https://neuronup.us/about-us/environmental-policy/): 1. Purpose At NeuronUP, we recognize the importance of protecting the environment and are committed to acting responsibly to reduce...
- [Lines of research of NeuronUP Labs](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/lines-of-research/): NeuronUP Labs Data-driven research lines at NeuronUP Labs Using a data-driven approach, we seek to uncover patterns and correlations that...
- [Research tools](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/research-tools/): NeuronUP Labs NeuronUP Labs tools for researchers NeuronUP Labs is aware of the limitations existing in current Neuropsychology, and tries...
- [Form – Research with NeuronUP Labs](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/collaborate/): Research with NeuronUP Labs Collaborate with NeuronUP for Your Research *If any of the fields are empty or incomplete, NeuronUP...
- [Research Home](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/): Research in Brain and Cognition by NeuronUP Labs The research conducted at NeuronUP Labs combines clinical, scientific, and technological expertise...
- [Papers](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/papers/): NeuronUP Labs List of research with NeuronUP At NeuronUP Labs we are interested in lines of research that increase technological...
- [Job offers](https://neuronup.us/job-offers/): BEST JOB OFFERS FOR NEUROREHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS Job offers for speech language pathologists Job offers for occupational therapists Job offers for...
- [NeuronUP Score](https://neuronup.us/product/neuronup-score/): Do you want to measure the progress of your patients with evolution graphs? Would you like to compare your patients’...
- [What can we do to keep you as our customer?](https://neuronup.us/what-can-we-do-to-keep-you-as-our-customer/): What can we do to keep you as our customer?
- [Cookies](https://neuronup.us/privacy-policy/cookies/): Device: localStorage Name Purpose Description Property Duration activity_digital_filter Preferences Remember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the...
- [Information Request](https://neuronup.us/information-request-trial/): Information Request
- [Congress](https://neuronup.us/congress/): Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or...
- [ASD](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/): The way in which these disorders manifest themselves varies greatly from one child to another, hence the term “spectrum” or...
- [Huntington’s Disease](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/huntingtons-disease/): Huntington’s disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4. The Huntington’s disease gene is...
- [Parkinson’s Disease](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons-disease/): It is classified as a movement disorder, although it also usually presents cognitive symptoms. Parkinson’s is due to the gradual...
- [Analyze the results of your patients in real time with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/analyze-the-results-of-your-patients-in-real-time-with-neuronup/): Are you looking for the fastest and most efficient way to analyze and track the results of your patients? NeuronUP...
- [Use Case – Mental illness](https://neuronup.us/use-case-mental-illness/): Use Cases Mental Illness It works on cognitive impairment linked to mental health disorders with activities that work on reasoning,...
- [NeuronUP User Manuals](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-user-manuals/): NeuronUP User Manuals NeuronUP user manual Download this complete manual for free to learn how to get the most out...
- [Plan your work months in advance with NeuronUP programs](https://neuronup.us/plan-your-work-months-in-advance-with-neuronup-programs/): Would you like to plan your work months in advance in just a few minutes? Take a look at how...
- [Work with NeuronUP sessions to save time](https://neuronup.us/work-with-neuronup-sessions-to-save-time/): Time with your patients is limited, so why waste it searching, creating and gathering materials, and why not invest it...
- [NeuronUP Help Center](https://neuronup.us/help-center/): NeuronUP Help Center Benefit from the manuals and videos we have created to help you get the most out of...
- [How to use NeuronUP? Sign up for NeuronUP free online training](https://neuronup.us/how-to-use-neuronup-sign-up-for-neuronup-free-online-training/): Upcoming NeuronUP trainings for customers or individuals with free trial Wednesday, June 28th United States: 10 a. m. Australia: United...
- [Types of NeuronUP activities: generators, games and worksheets](https://neuronup.us/types-of-neuronup-activities-generators-games-and-worksheets/): NeuronUP has hundreds of cognitive stimulation exercises. All of them are divided into three types of activities: generators, games and...
- [Customise activities with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/customise-activities-with-neuronup/): Do you find it hard to keep your patients motivated, or do you spend hours creating stimulating activities for each...
- [Clients](https://neuronup.us/clients/): We have been able to verify that NeuronUP is a tool that is prepared for any area of intervention or...
- [Use cases – Neurodevelopmental Disorders](https://neuronup.us/use-cases-neurodevelopmental-disorders/): Use Cases Neurodevelopmental Disorders Boost the child’s abilities with activities developed to compensatethe deficits linked to each disorder. In which...
- [Use cases – Normal Aging](https://neuronup.us/use-cases-normal-aging/): Use Cases Normal Aging Strengthen functional autonomy in elderly patients and improve their quality of life with activities that enhance...
- [Use cases – Intellectual Disability](https://neuronup.us/use-cases-intellectual-disability/): Use Cases Intellectual Disability Improve your patients’ quality of life with activities developed to enhance their autonomy. In which conditions...
- [Use cases – Neurodegenerative Diseases](https://neuronup.us/use-cases-neurodegenerative-diseases/): Use Cases Neurodegenerative Diseases Slow down the cognitive and functional deterioration of your patients with activities focused on cognitive stimulation....
- [Use cases – Acquired Brain Injury](https://neuronup.us/use-cases-acquired-brain-injury/): Use Cases Acquired Brain Injury Improves the patient’s autonomy by helping them regain control on the processes affected by brain...
- [About us](https://neuronup.us/about-us/): About us From professional to professional We are a group of neuropsychology professionals who in 2012 set out to create...
- [Product](https://neuronup.us/product/): Everything you need for your neurorehabilitation intervention Discover all the features of NeuronUP and optimize the service you offer to...
- [NeuronUP Score](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-score/): (PROVISIONAL DOCUMENTATION, score calculation subject to constant review and change) What is NeuronUP Score? NeuronUP Score is the system used...
- [Telerehabilitation: cognitive rehabilitation at a distance with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/telerehabilitation-cognitive-rehabilitation-at-a-distance-with-neuronup/): Would you like to work remotely with your patients? NeuronUP allows you to create sessions at home to enhance the...
- [maintenance mode](https://neuronup.us/maintenance-mode/): Maintenance Mode This site is currently under going scheduled maintenance. Please check back soon. If you want to work with...
- [University Program](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/universities/): Position your university at the forefront of education Offer your professors and students added value, choose hands-on teaching, and focus...
- [Sweepstakes Official Rules](https://neuronup.us/sweepstakes-official-rules/): FIRST – ORGANIZING ENTITY NeuronUP SL with NIF B26479725 and registered office at Calle Piqueras 31, 26006 Logroño, Spain, organizes...
- [NeuronUP2GO Packs](https://neuronup.us/neuronup2go-packs/): Choose your discount! Quantity discounts on the purchase of home access. The more you buy, the more discount! 5% 10%...
- [School Program](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/schools/): Position your school at the forefront of education Offer added value to your teachers and students, address learning challenges among...
- [Ebooks, guides, templates and much more to help you grow as a professional](https://neuronup.us/downloads/): 10 cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation worksheets Get printable exercises to work on different areas of intervention with adults and children....
- [Resources for NeuronUP customers](https://neuronup.us/resources/): NeuronUP presentation This document summarizes NeuronUP and shows you the value for both the professional and the patient working with...
- [Telerehabilitation tool with over 10,000 neurorehabilitation activities](https://neuronup.us/landing-neuronup2go/): Telerehabilitation tool with over 10,000 neurorehabilitation activities TRY NEURONUP FREE
- [Newsletter](https://neuronup.us/newsletter/): NeuronUP Newsletter Neurorehabilitation and cognitive stimulation news. Subscribe to our newsletter Do you want to stay up to date on...
- [Thank you](https://neuronup.us/thank-you/): Thanks for submitting your request!
- [Information Request](https://neuronup.us/information-request/): Information Request
- [You’ll be on the cutting edge!](https://neuronup.us/youll-be-on-the-cutting-edge/): 
- [FAQ](https://neuronup.us/faq/): About NeuronUP Theoretical Framework Plans and Pricing Specifications and Security Training Blog Free Trial Contact
- [Store Start Adults and Kids](https://neuronup.us/landing-store-start-adults-kids/): Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or...
- [Store Start Kids](https://neuronup.us/landing-store-start-kids/): Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or...
- [Store User](https://neuronup.us/landing-store-user/): Why are you interested in working with NeuronUP? To work with my patients To help a family member
- [Store Start Adults](https://neuronup.us/landing-store-start-adults/): Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or...
- [Store Family](https://neuronup.us/landing-store-family/): Hello, First of all, thank you for your interest in NeuronUP! NeuronUP is a cognitive stimulation platform specifically designed for...
- [Store Age](https://neuronup.us/landing-store-age/): What is your patient age profile? Kids (up to 12 years old)AdultsAdults and kids
- [Home](https://neuronup.us/): Centers at the forefront of neurorehabilitation choose NeuronUP You too can access highly customizable cognitive stimulation exercises and tools to...
- [A telehealth and in-clinic Cognitive Stimulation Tool for neurorehabilitation professionals](https://neuronup.us/partner-m228632623/): A telehealth and in-clinic Cognitive Stimulation Tool for neurorehabilitation professionals Try NeuronUP Free
- [Want to be a guest author on the NeuronUP blog?](https://neuronup.us/news/want-to-be-a-guest-author-on-the-neuronup-blog/): Want to be a guest author on the NeuronUP blog?
- [NEURONUP, S.L. PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION POLICY](https://neuronup.us/privacy-policy/): Courtesy translation. In case of conflict between versions, the Spanish version will always prevail. LEGAL DISCLAIMER On the one hand,...
- [Help Center NeuronUP FAQs Troubleshooting](https://neuronup.us/help-center-neuronup-faqs-troubleshooting/): Training videos Learn how to work with NeuronUP! How to work with NeuronUP Activities Open and work with a digital...
- [Stroke](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/): 1. ISCHEMIC STROKE: a restriction or interruption of blood supply to brain tissues. It may be caused by: 2. HEMORRHAGIC...
- [ADHD](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/): Due to the complexity of this disorder, ADHD cannot be attributed to a single cause but probably results from a...
- [Alzheimer’s Disease](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers-disease/): This type of dementia usually starts slowly, first affecting the parts of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and language....
- [Multiple Sclerosis](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/): Patients are diagnosed with MS when they have been shown to have had two separate attacks of symptoms involving at...
- [Published and active research projects](https://neuronup.us/research-cognitive-stimulation-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-neuronup/published-and-active-research-projects/): Published and active research projects
- [Research tools](https://neuronup.us/research-cognitive-stimulation-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-neuronup/research-tools/): 
- [Research in Cognitive Stimulation and Neuropsychological Rehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/research-cognitive-stimulation-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-neuronup/): Research in Cognitive Stimulation and Neuropsychological Rehabilitation NeuronUP Labs Research is key in the field of rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation...
- [Normal Aging](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/normal-aging/): What is brain aging? Brain aging is a process of generalized deterioration of the individual in which, due to different...
- [Mental Illness](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/mental-illness/): Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, a complex personality disorder that produces distortions in thought, behavior and perception of reality....
- [Intellectual Disability](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/intellectual-disability/): It can be due to multiple causes (metabolic, infectious, chromosomal, etc. ) and originate at different times (before the baby...
- [Neurodevelopmental Disorders](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/): It is essential to understand the development of the nervous system and its different stages in order to understand the...
- [Neurodegenerative Diseases](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/): Cognitive stimulation is the appropriate intervention in these cases. While the progression of these diseases is inevitable, cognitive and functional...
- [Acquired Brain Injury](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/acquired-brain-injury/): Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Clinical profile characterized by direct injury to the cranial structures, brain or meninges due to external...
- [Visuospatial Skills](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/visuospatial-skills/): There are two important concepts relating to visuospatial skills: • Spatial relations: the ability to represent and mentally manipulate two-dimensional...
- [Language](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/language/): Language refers to the production of spoken or written signs that symbolize objects, ideas, etc. in accordance with a linguistic...
- [Social Cognition](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/social-cognition/): This means that social cognition refers to our thoughts about the social relationships we have throughout our life. As we...
- [Praxis](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/praxis/): Different types of praxis include: • Ideomotor praxis: the ability to perform intentional movements or simple gestures. • Ideational praxis:...
- [Memory](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/memory/): Memory is divided into two main types: • Explicit or declarative memory: involves the storage of information that is recalled...
- [Executive Functions](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/): Executive functioning involves abilities and processes vital for daily life such as: • Working memory: a limited capacity system that...
- [Attention](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/attention/): In other words, attention is the ability to generate, direct, and maintain an appropriate state of alertness to correctly process...
- [Gnosis](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/gnosis/): Simple gnostic processes (in which only one sensory modality is involved): • Visual gnosis: the ability to recognize different stimuli...
- [Orientation](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/orientation/): There are three types of orientation: • Personal orientation: the ability to integrate information relating to personal history and identity...
- [Theoretical framework](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/theoretical-framework-scientific-evidence-cognition-neuropsychology/): Theoretical framework NeuronUP was born in 2012, based on scientific evidence in cognition and neuropsychology summarized in this document. Introduction...
- [Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/adl/): Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) Also called "areas of occupation", ADLs include all activities of daily life that have value...
- [Social skills](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/social-skills/): Social skills
- [About NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/what-is-neuronup-professional-tool-for-rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation/): The professional can set up customized sessions for the patient to do from anywhere, being able to monitor them and...
- [Neurorehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/): New investigations in different areas have provided an improved understanding of how the brain works; such as the possibility of...
- [Cognitive Functions](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/): Cognitive Functions
- [Areas of Intervention](https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/): Areas of Intervention NeuronUP offers thousands of exercises, tools and simulators for everyday life. Classified by areas of intervention, they...
- [News](https://neuronup.us/news/): Sign up for the newsletter Neurorehabilitation news directly to your e-mail. NEUROREHABILITATION AND COGNITIVE STIMULATION PSYCHOLOGY AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE NEURONUP...
- [Start using NeuronUP for free](https://neuronup.us/pricing/): Start using NeuronUP for free NeuronUP is a neurorehabilitation tool that will allow you to improve your intervention, save time...
- [Contact](https://neuronup.us/contact/): Ready to start your project? Contact us using the form below and we'll get back to you within 24 hours.

## Posts

- [Effects of cognitive training on balance and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/effects-of-cognitive-training-on-balance-and-motor-symptoms-in-parkinsons-disease-an-exploratory-randomized-controlled-trial/): In this article, MD and PhD Juan Pablo Moreno Muñoz presents the study “Effects of Cognitive Training on Balance and...
- [NeuronUP obtains ISO 27001:2022 certification!](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-obtains-iso-270012022-certification/): NeuronUP is thrilled: we have obtained the ISO 27001:2022 certification, an international recognition that reinforces our commitment to information security...
- [Real testimonials from our customers](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/real-testimonials-from-our-customers/): This holiday season, some of our clients shared with us the most special moments they’ve experienced with their users using...
- [Current trends in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/current-trends-in-the-treatment-of-neurodevelopmental-disorders/): Neurodevelopmental disorders include a variety of conditions that affect the development of the nervous system, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder...
- [Alzheimer’s disease as a clinical-biological construct: recommendation of an international working group.](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/alzheimers-disease-as-a-clinical-biological-construct-recommendation-of-an-international-working-group/): Antonio Javier Sutil presents in this article the most relevant data from the study “Alzheimer’s Disease as a Clinical-Biological Construct:...
- [Intensive assessment of executive functions derived from performance in cognitive training games.](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/intensive-assessment-of-executive-functions-derived-from-performance-in-cognitive-training-games/): The researcher Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez presents in this article the most relevant information from the study “Intensive Evaluation of...
- [Interventions for psychological and behavioral problems in dementias](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/interventions-for-psychological-and-behavioral-problems-in-dementias/): Neuropsychologist Diana Carolina Gómez Blanco demonstrates how non-pharmacological interventions can be a key tool for managing psychological and behavioral symptoms...
- [Music accessibility program](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/music-accessibility-program/): Ruben Montaldo D’Albora, musician and educator, presents in this article a Music Accessibility Program focused on the rehabilitation and transformation...
- [Deep learning model for the early detection of cognitive impairment from clinical notes in electronic medical records](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/deep-learning-model-for-the-early-detection-of-cognitive-impairment-from-clinical-notes-in-electronic-medical-records/): Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez discusses in this article the data presented in the study “Deep Learning Model for Early Detection...
- [Prediction of the incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease using machine learning with large-scale administrative health data](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/prediction-of-the-incidence-of-alzheimers-disease-using-machine-learning-with-large-scale-administrative-health-data/): In this article, Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez discusses the study “Prediction of the Incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Machine Learning...
- [FOMO: Fear of missing out on the digital age](https://neuronup.us/psychology/fomo-fear-of-missing-out-on-the-digital-age/): Psychologist Kira Guerra Franco and psychotherapist Iván Baliña Rodríguez-Valcarce explain in this article how FOMO (Fear of Missing Out), driven...
- [Reliability and validity of smartphone cognitive testing for frontotemporal lobar degeneration.](https://neuronup.us/uncategorized/reliability-and-validity-of-smartphone-cognitive-testing-for-frontotemporal-lobar-degeneration/): In this article, researcher Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez presents the most important data from the study “Reliability and Validity of...
- [Neuroscience of olfaction in neurorehabilitation: How does the brain encode odors?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neuroscience-of-olfaction-in-neurorehabilitation-how-does-the-brain-encode-odors/): Neuropsychologist Javier Esteban Libiano explains in this article all the details about how our brain encodes smells. Smell, along with...
- [What will I find in NeuronUP from now on?](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/what-will-i-find-in-neuronup-from-now-on/): Shall we review the latest NeuronUP updates? A few days ago, we told you that from now on, you’ll be...
- [Neuropsychology of alcohol](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/neuropsychology-of-alcohol/): Alcohol consumption is one of the most common forms of substance use worldwide, with profound neuropsychological implications. In this article,...
- [Deconstructing adrenoleukodystrophy](https://neuronup.us/uncommon-diseases/deconstructing-adrenoleukodystrophy/): In this article, we take an in-depth look at adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), providing an overview of its genetic origins, clinical manifestations,...
- [Clear cache and cookies to enjoy the updates](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/clear-cache-and-cookies/): Please be informed that we have launched a new version of our platform with important improvements and new features. To...
- [Anosognosia in Alzheimer’s disease](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/anosognosia-in-alzheimers-disease/): Neuropsychologist Ángel Martínez Nogueras explains in this article how anosognosia manifests in Alzheimer’s disease and its impact on activities of...
- [Deconstructing Myhre’s Syndrome](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/deconstructing-myhres-syndrome/): Have you heard about Myhre syndrome? In this article, we explain in detail what Myhre syndrome is, a rare genetic...
- [2024 Paralympic Games events and the importance of mental health](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/2024-paralympic-games-events-and-the-importance-of-mental-health/): In this article, we explore the different events of the 2024 Paralympic Games, detailing the sports and specific categories in...
- [Study on neuropsychological rehabilitation at distance](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/study-on-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-at-distance/): What happens if the world changes today and you must find new ways to offer your professional services?  In this...
- [Jesús Cortes: “This study can help identify in advance people at risk of developing cognitive impairment”](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/jesus-cortes-this-study-can-help-identify-in-advance-people-at-risk-of-developing-cognitive-impairment/): Jesus M. Cortes, Ikerbasque Professor at the Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and Head of R&D at NeuronUP, explains in this...
- [NeuronUP anticipates the risk of cognitive impairment by one year](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-anticipates-the-risk-of-cognitive-impairment-by-one-year/): The prestigious British Psychological Society’s Journal of Neuropsychology has published a study showing that NeuronUP anticipates the risk of cognitive...
- [Cognitive intervention in people with Down syndrome](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/cognitive-intervention-in-people-with-down-syndrome/): Aura Foundation explains in this article how they perform cognitive intervention in people with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities...
- [Online neuropsychological intervention in a case with developmental delay](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/online-neuropsychological-intervention-in-a-case-with-developmental-delay/): Ximena Gutiérrez and Gabriela López, psychologist and graduate in Human Communication, respectively, from the center Therapies For All, explain their...
- [How to work on cognitive stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/how-to-work-on-cognitive-stimulation-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder/): Sabrina Martínez, director and psychologist at Stimulos, explains autism spectrum disorder and her center’s experiences with NeuronUP. What is autism...
- [Cognitive intervention in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/cognitive-intervention-in-adolescents-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/): Ana Priscila Santiago Albarran, psychologist at CITPA, provides an approach to cognitive intervention in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactive disorder....
- [Rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation with new technologies](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation-with-new-technologies/): Ivan Cadena, neuropsychologist, doctoral candidate in Neurosciences and Director of Neuropsychological Services of the Caribbean (SNC), explains how they perform...
- [The most complete cognitive exercise for people with multiple sclerosis](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/the-most-complete-cognitive-exercise-for-people-with-multiple-sclerosis/): ACODEM health psychologist Juan Portillo Rivas proposes a NeuronUP activity to work on the cognitive alterations associated with people with...
- [Occupational therapy at home: what it is and how it works](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/occupational-therapy-at-home-what-it-is-and-how-it-works/): Occupational therapist Irene Díaz González explains in this article her work, how she practices occupational therapy at home and how...
- [ADHD in children: subtypes, symptoms and treatment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/adhd-in-children-subtypes-symptoms-and-treatment/): ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Between 2% and 5% of children and adolescents suffer from this disorder. On...
- [Multiple sclerosis treatment with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-treatment-with-neuronup/): Soraya Vázquez Caro, psychologist at ADEMBI, describes in this article her experience in the treatment of multiple sclerosis with NeuronUP....
- [How does a Down syndrome foundation operate?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/how-does-a-down-syndrome-foundation-operate/): The Down Syndrome Foundation of the Region of Murcia (FUNDOWN) explains in this article the actions and cognitive stimulation and...
- [What does a Down syndrome association do? The case of Down Navarra](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/what-does-a-down-syndrome-association-do-the-case-of-down-navarra/): Down Navarra explains in this article the work of a Down syndrome association and its experience applying cognitive stimulation with...
- [Down Madrid shares their experience with telerehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/down-madrid-shares-their-experience-with-telerehabilitation/): Down Madrid’s Adult Living and Active Aging Coordinator, Jorge González, talks about his experience with NeuronUP and the opportunity that...
- [NeuronUP from the point of view of patients with brain injury](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neuronup-from-the-point-of-view-of-patients-with-brain-injury/): Patients of the State Reference Center for Brain Injury Care give us their opinion on NeuronUP. “Seems to be made...
- [Online Speech Therapy with NeuronUP: Speech Therapy Exercises](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/online-speech-therapy-with-neuronup-speech-therapy-exercises/): Speech therapist Marian Alonso explains how speech therapy works in her center through NeuronUP speech therapy exercises. In addition, she...
- [Cognitive stimulation for children in clinical and academic settings](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/cognitive-stimulation-for-children-in-clinical-and-academic-settings/): The Otaduy Education and Health Center explains cognitive stimulation for children in clinical and academic settings. Otaduy Education and Health...
- [Behavioral re-education through cognitive training](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/behavioral-re-education-through-cognitive-training/): Psychotherapist, training consultant and academic mentor, Genoveva Díaz, explains in this post how to work with cognitive training to re-educate...
- [Reading problems: how to train reading difficulties](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/reading-problems-how-to-train-reading-difficulties/): Aldu Childhood and Adolescence Support Center explains reading problems, the most frequent reading difficulties and how to train reading problems....
- [5p- syndrome and neuropsychological rehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/5p-syndrome-and-neuropsychological-rehabilitation/): The Fundación Síndrome 5p- explores, through the story of Sofía, a girl affected by Cri du chat syndrome, the effectiveness...
- [Working with people with Down syndrome by age groups](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/working-with-people-with-down-syndrome-by-age-groups/): The Down Syndrome Foundation of Cantabria explains the work they do with people with Down syndrome by age groups with...
- [Down Syndrome as told by Down Las Palmas](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/down-syndrome-as-told-by-down-las-palmas/): The Down Syndrome Association of Las Palmas describes in this article the work they do to support people with Down...
- [Aging of people with Down syndrome](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/aging-of-people-with-down-syndrome/): The Down Syndrome Association of Castellón explains in this article how they approach the aging of people with Down syndrome...
- [The caregiver’s identity in Alzheimer’s disease](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/the-caregivers-identity-in-alzheimers-disease/): Identity is the set of characteristics that a person has and that distinguishes them from others. Without identity, we do...
- [What is the neuropsychological profile that people with multiple sclerosis usually present?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/what-is-the-neuropsychological-profile-that-people-with-multiple-sclerosis-usually-present/): Conchi Moreno Rodríguez, a general health psychologist and neuropsychologist, discusses cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation in people with multiple sclerosis...
- [Worksheet to work on sustained attention with children: The Missing Number](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/worksheet-for-working-on-sustained-attention-in-children-the-missing-number/): Today we present you a new worksheet to work on sustained attention in children called The Missing Number. What does...
- [The importance of neurological physiotherapy in stroke patients](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/the-importance-of-neurological-physiotherapy-in-stroke-patients/): Physiotherapist Alejandro Caraballo from NeuroFisio Sevilla explores in this article how physiotherapy can make a difference in the rehabilitation of...
- [Towards a neurodidactics of musical learning](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/towards-a-neurodidactics-of-musical-learning/): A neuropsychological approach in inclusive music education that introduces innovations in music education. In this article, musician and educator Ruben...
- [Phonological awareness](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/phonological-awareness/): In this post, the general health psychologist and neuropsychologist Covadonga García San Nicolás Cantero explains the importance of phonological awareness....
- [Clinical neuropsychology in prematurity and neurodevelopment](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/clinical-neuropsychology-in-prematurity-and-neurodevelopment/): In this post, the psychologist and international expert on Alzheimer’s and other dementias, Cristian Francisco Liébanas Vega, talks about prematurity...
- [Traumatic brain injury and its neuropsychological rehabilitation in executive functions](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/traumatic-brain-injury-and-its-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-in-executive-functions/): The neuropsychology specialist María Teresa explains in this article what is traumatic brain injury and its neuropsychological rehabilitation in executive...
- [Tips and activities to improve attention](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/tips-and-activities-to-improve-attention/): In this post, the licensed general psychologist Anna Canals Francés offers a series of tips to improve our attention capacity,...
- [What is frontotemporal dementia and how does it affect?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/what-is-frontotemporal-dementia-and-how-does-it-affect/): Manuel Cassinello Marco, a specialist psychiatrist in neuropsychiatry and psychologist, explains in this article how frontotemporal dementia affects us. Although...
- [Frontotemporal dementia: what is it, types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/frontotemporal-dementia-what-is-it-types-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment/): The expert in neuropsychology, Cristina Troyano Jiménez, explains in this article what frontotemporal dementia is, its types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis,...
- [Clinical neuropsychology in the evaluation and preparation for awake neurosurgery](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/clinical-neuropsychology-in-the-evaluation-and-preparation-for-awake-neurosurgery/): In this post, psychologist Cristian Francisco Liébanas Vega talks about the intraoperative brain mapping technique and its contributions to disease...
- [Understanding dysgraphia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/dysgraphia/understanding-dysgraphia/): Covadonga García San Nicolás Cantero, a general health psychologist and neuropsychologist, explains in this article all the necessary information to...
- [Neuropsychology of schizophrenia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/neuropsychology-of-schizophrenia/): Rafael A. Salas Muriel, PhD in psychology, explains in this article, from a neuropsychological perspective, what schizophrenia is, its symptoms,...
- [What is the relationship between ADHD and dyslexia?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/what-is-the-relationship-between-adhd-and-dyslexia/): In this article, early intervention specialist speech therapist Marta Chans Sánchez explains the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
- [Lewy body disease](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/lewy-body-disease/): Irma Otero Vázquez, a healthcare psychologist and therapist, delves into Lewy body disease, assigning great importance to its symptomatology and...
- [The invisibility of autism in girls, teenagers and women](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/the-invisibility-of-autism-in-girls-teenagers-and-women/): In this post, general health psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist Raquel Hernández Becerra discusses the problem faced by girls diagnosed with...
- [How new technologies produce benefits in cognitive treatments for multiple sclerosis patients](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/how-new-technologies-produce-benefits-in-cognitive-treatments-for-multiple-sclerosis-patients/): Yolanda Virué Lapuente, an occupational therapist with clinical experience in the management of adults with Multiple Sclerosis, shows us in...
- [Cerebrovascular accident or CVA: types and possible sequelae](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/cerebrovascular-accident-or-cva-types-and-possible-sequelae/): CVA has become a true pandemic. Figures suggest that it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and...
- [The importance of working on executive functions to improve emotional self-regulation in young people](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/the-importance-of-working-on-executive-functions-to-improve-emotional-self-regulation-in-young-people/): The psychologist Analí Naranjo García explores in this article the importance of focusing on the development of executive functions as...
- [Understanding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/understanding-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-diagnoses/): Ilse Andrea Carranza Ramírez, a teacher and clinical psychologist specialized in child and adolescent psychotherapy, neuropsychology, and ASD (autism spectrum...
- [The wonderful world of neurodiversity](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/the-wonderful-world-of-neurodiversity/): Neuropsychologist Diana Carolina Gomez Blanco brings us closer to the concept of neurodiversity in this article. In recent years, a...
- [Speech therapy rehabilitation in people with aphasia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/speech-therapy-rehabilitation-in-people-with-aphasia/): Laura Carbonero Sancho, a speech therapist with clinical experience in the treatment of adults with neurological disorders, explains in this...
- [Brief historical review of ADHD and its impact on executive functioning](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/brief-historical-review-of-adhd-and-its-impact-on-executive-functioning/): The psychologist, professor, researcher, and master’s degree holder in human development and education, Carolina Robledo Castro, offers us in this...
- [Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/brocas-and-wernickes-areas/): The neuropsychologist Andrea Cristina Alvarado Rodas explains in this article where Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are located and their...
- [New pre-reading activity for children: Rotated Letters](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/new-pre-reading-activity-for-children-rotated-letters/): Today we present a new generator to work on pre-reading in children called Rotated Letters. What does this activity to work on pre-reading...
- [Worksheet to work on place orientation with kids: Organize Your House](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-orientation/worksheet-to-work-on-place-orientation-with-kids-organize-your-house/): Today we present you a new worksheet to work on place orientation with kids called Organize Your House. What does this activity to...
- [Raven’s test: what it is and how to interpret the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/neuropsychological-testing/ravens-test-what-it-is-and-how-to-interpret-the-ravens-progressive-matrices-test/): In this article, clinical neuropsychologist and Director of Espai Neurològic, Anna Curto, explains what the Raven test consists of and...
- [Game to work on episodic memory with adults: Remember the Names](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/game-to-work-on-episodic-memory-with-adults-remember-the-names/): Today we present you a new game to work on episodic memory with adults called Remember the Names. What does this activity to...
- [Neuropsychological rehabilitation in older adults with dementia: Experience in a day care center with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-in-older-adults-with-dementia-experience-in-a-day-care-center-with-neuronup/): The neuropsychologist, Claudia Mayza, tells us about her experience in the center Caldevid Geriatric in neuropsychological rehabilitation in older adults...
- [Caring for People with Aphasia: Crucial Guidelines for Caregivers](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/caring-for-people-with-aphasia-crucial-guidelines-for-caregivers/): The speech therapist specializing in neurological disorders Valeria Bondarenko Gabets explains in this article how to help a person with...
- [Neuropsychology of aphasia from a process model: Broca’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/neuropsychology-of-aphasia-from-a-process-model-brocas-aphasia-and-wernickes-aphasia/): The neuropsychopedagogue Juan Carlos Cancelado Rey explains in this article the neuropsychology of aphasias from a processing model, focusing on...
- [Blue zones and the secret of longevity](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/normal-aging/blue-zones-and-the-secret-of-longevity/): Neuropsychologist Diana Carolina Gomez Blanco explains in this article what the blue zones (BZ) are and the secret to the...
- [Surviving neurons. The importance of early neurorehabilitation in cerebrovascular accident cases](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/surviving-neurons-the-importance-of-early-neurorehabilitation-in-cerebrovascular-accident-cases/): The neuropsychologist Ana Isabel Moneo Troncoso, alluding to incomplete infarction and the capacity offered by Cognitive Stimulation (CS) to promote...
- [How to Fight Unwanted Loneliness in Elderly People](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/how-to-fight-unwanted-loneliness-in-elderly-people/): The coordinator of social intervention projects for the elderly at the Association for Inclusion Acompáñame, Cristian Macía Rojas, speaks in...
- [Physiotherapy and dual-task: therapeutic exercise with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/physiotherapy-and-dual-task-therapeutic-exercise-with-neuronup/): Physiotherapist Ancor Vila González explains his therapeutic vision of physiotherapy and the dual task in relation to his experience with...
- [Neuropsychological rehabilitation in neurological diseases](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-in-neurological-diseases/): The neuropsychology team of the Neurolleida center explains in this article how they approach the different neuropsychological rehabilitation treatments in...
- [Social cognition in children and how we work with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/social-cognition-in-children-and-how-we-work-with-neuronup/): Pilar Luque and Rocío Ruiz, neuropsychologists at Ítaca Psicología y Lenguaje, explain in this article how they work on social...
- [Guidelines to implement inclusive education and how to use NeuronUP for this purpose](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/guidelines-to-implement-inclusive-education-and-how-to-use-neuronup-for-this-purpose/): Psychopedagogist Dahiana Barzola Chavez discusses in this post how inclusive education is implemented and how NeuronUP is used at the...
- [Cerebral palsy: understanding and managing a complex neurodevelopmental condition](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/cerebral-palsy-understanding-and-managing-a-complex-neurodevelopmental-condition/): This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of cerebral palsy, including its causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management,...
- [Cognitive stimulation in children with hydrocephalus](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/cognitive-stimulation-in-children-with-hydrocephalus/): In this article, María José García Rubio, PhD in clinical and health psychology, explains what hydrocephalus is and how to...
- [Worksheet to work on selective attention with adults: Counting and Selecting](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/worksheet-to-work-on-selective-attention-with-adults-counting-and-selecting/): Today we present you a new worksheet to work on selective attention in adults called Counting and Selecting. This activity was already available...
- [How to work on cognitive stimulation in children with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/how-to-work-on-cognitive-stimulation-in-children-with-neuronup/): The neuropsychology team of INANP explains how to work on cognitive stimulation in children with neurodevelopmental problems with NeuronUP. At...
- [Worksheet to work on reasoning with adults: Sort Numbers According to Value](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/worksheet-to-work-on-reasoning-with-adults-sort-numbers-according-to-value/): Today we present you the expansion and optimization of the worksheet to work on reasoning in adults called Sort Numbers According to Value....
- [Psychiatric disorders in acquired brain injury](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/psychiatric-disorders-in-acquired-brain-injury/): One out of every two people presents cognitive deficit, affective disorder or behavioral change after a stroke, the main cause...
- [Psychoeducational intervention for people with ADHD](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/psychoeducational-intervention-for-people-with-adhd/): The neuropsychologist expert in childhood and adolescence of UDAC-CTI Elche, M. Carmen Moreno Blasco, and the neuropediatrician and coordinator of...
- [Neuropsychological treatment at the IENSA center through NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-treatment-at-the-iensa-center-through-neuronup/): The neuropsychologist of the Institute of Neurological Specialties (IENSA), Olga Prian Serrano, discusses in this article how to approach neuropsychological...
- [Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd/): The Amorebieta Psychology team explains in this article the consequences and symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), its intervention...
- [Neuropsychological intervention with NeuronUP for specific language impairment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-intervention-with-neuronup-for-specific-language-impairment/): The neuropsychologist specialized in child development Carmen Miranda explains in this article the child neuropsychological intervention for specific language impairment...
- [Cognitive stimulation at AFA Rioja with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/cognitive-stimulation-at-afa-rioja-with-neuronup/): With more than 11 years of experience in the Association of Relatives and Alzheimer Patients of La Rioja, the occupational...
- [Remote neurorehabilitation and adaptation to new realities](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/remote-neurorehabilitation-and-adaptation-to-new-realities/): The neuropsychologist and director of the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation’s center in Lleida, Mónica Nieves, explains how neurorehabilitation centers approach remote...
- [Differences between ADHD and ASD: understanding two neurodevelopmental disorders](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/differences-between-adhd-and-asd-understanding-two-neurodevelopmental-disorders/): ADHD and ASD are two different disorders, but at the same time they can often occur together in some cases...
- [Attachment theory: what it is, postulates, applications and disorders](https://neuronup.us/psychology/attachment-theory-what-it-is-postulates-applications-and-disorders/): General health psychologist Rosa Hidalgo Torres discusses attachment theory in this article, as well as the main postulates of attachment...
- [Transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-and-cognitive-rehabilitation/): María Alicia Lage, licensed psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist, Dr. Alejandro Fuertes-Saiz, psychiatrist, and Carla Castro, teacher with a mention in...
- [Dementia and neuropsychological assessment: the GDS scale and its applicability](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/neuropsychological-testing/dementia-and-neuropsychological-assessment-the-gds-scale-and-its-applicability/): María J. García-Rubio, PhD in clinical health psychology, together with Nancy Navarro, specialist in clinical neuropsychology and major cognitive disorder,...
- [Addressing neurodegenerative diseases with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/addressing-neurodegenerative-diseases-with-neuronup/): The occupational therapist of the AFA Alcalá center, Laura Caballero, explains the approach to neurodegenerative diseases via cognitive stimulation and...
- [10 activities to improve working memory](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/10-activities-to-improve-working-memory/): Working memory is a core executive function that allows information to be temporarily held in the mind and processed during...
- [Neurosciences and how they have evolved over time](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/neurosciences-and-how-they-have-evolved-over-time/): Neuroscience is a group of scientific disciplines focused on the study of the nervous system. This is formed by the...
- [Work stress: definition, types, causes and consequences for health](https://neuronup.us/psychology/work-stress-definition-types-causes-and-consequences-for-health/): Stress has been dubbed the “health epidemic of the 21st century” by the World Health Organization. Since early studies, stress was...
- [Social cognition activity to identify emotions: Guess the Face](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-activity-to-identify-emotions-guess-the-face/): September is back and with it comes a new exercise for children. Guess the Face, an activity to identify emotions....
- [Head Injury: Management and Treatment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/head-injury-management-and-treatment/): A head injury is any sort of trauma to the brain, scalp or skull. Head injuries are a major cause...
- [[NEW] Improved NeuronUP results browsing experience](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/new-improved-neuronup-results-browsing-experience/): Product update Introducing an enhanced browsing experience on the results screen We have made several improvements in the results section...
- [Cognitive stimulation at Centros Amunt and their person-centered approach](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/cognitive-stimulation-at-centros-amunt-and-their-person-centered-approach/): In order to stimulate a person, it is necessary to grab their interest. To do this, we must first take...
- [What are Executive Functions?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/what-are-executive-functions/): In a funny sort of way, you will have already used a form of executive function to search for and...
- [10 activities for students with special education needs](https://neuronup.us/special-education/10-activities-for-students-with-special-education-needs/): More than 7 million students, or about 15% of those ages 3 to 21, received special education services in the...
- [Exercise to work on cognitive flexibility in adults: Varied combinations](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/exercise-to-work-on-cognitive-flexibility-in-adults-varied-combinations/): New exercise to work on cognitive flexibility in adults and planning: Varied combinations! In our daily lives we usually have to think of...
- [10 Tips and Activities to Improve Memory and Cognitive Health](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/10-tips-and-activities-to-improve-memory-and-cognitive-health/): As we age, our bodies change, but did you know that our brains change too? It may take longer to...
- [Activity to work on emotions with children: What are they feeling?](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/activity-to-work-on-emotions-with-children-what-are-they-feeling/): Today we present an activity to work on emotions with children!  Working on emotions and moods is fundamental for everyone and...
- [Social cognition worksheet for teaching children how to behave: What is the best thing to do?](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-worksheet-for-teaching-children-how-to-behave-what-is-the-best-thing-to-do/): We continue working on expanding our social cognition materials. In this case we have developed a social cognition worksheet to help children...
- [Executive Functions and Their Relationship to the Reading Process and Academic Performance](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/executive-functions-and-their-relationship-to-the-reading-process-and-academic-performance/): Neuropsychology occupies a prominent place among the sciences related to education. According to Portellano (2014) it not only helps in...
- [Exercise to promote attention and impulse control: Waiter in Action](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/exercise-to-promote-attention-and-impulse-control-waiter-in-action/): We present a new exercise to promote attention and impulse control with adults that we are sure you will like...
- [Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/specific-language-impairment-sli-and-neuronup/): For six years we have included the use of NeuronUP in the treatment of Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Our priority...
- [Salesianos Los Boscos uses NeuronUP for cognitive stimulation in primary and secondary education](https://neuronup.us/training/education-testimonials/salesianos-los-boscos-uses-neuronup-for-cognitive-stimulation-in-primary-and-secondary-education/): The clinical psychologist and coordinator of the Therapeutic Educational Classrooms of Salesianos Los Boscos, José Ramón González Toca, shares his...
- [Easter Game for Kids: Easter Eggs](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/easter-game-for-kids-easter-eggs/): With the arrival of Easter, we wanted to put out an Easter themed game for kids: Easter Eggs. We hope...
- [Celebrities with neurological and mental disorders](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/celebrities-with-neurological-and-mental-disorders/): Whether you are rich or poor, famous or not, we can all be affected by illness. Athletes, politicians, actors, singers,...
- [Rehabilitation of attention and inhibition in ADHD](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-adhd/rehabilitation-of-attention-and-inhibition-in-adhd/): Alicia Lage, psychologist authorized to practice health activities and neuropsychologist at SINAPSIS Clinic, explains how to carry out the rehabilitation...
- [Memorize the Constellations - New episodic memory worksheet for kids!](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/memorize-the-constellations-new-episodic-memory-worksheet-for-kids/): What does it consist of? Children have to remember the position of a series of dots by drawing a picture...
- [UNIR uses NeuronUP for hands-on remote learning in clinical neuropsychology](https://neuronup.us/training/education-testimonials/unir-uses-neuronup-for-hands-on-remote-learning-in-clinical-neuropsychology/): The clinical neuropsychologist and director of the Master in Clinical Neuropsychology at UNIR, Raquel Balmaseda, provides insights on the fundamental...
- [Prevention of cognitive decline in the healthy population](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/prevention-of-cognitive-decline-in-the-healthy-population/): At AVAN Foundation we work to improve the quality of life of people affected by neurological diseases, offering support to...
- [3 easy ways to add your certificate to LinkedIn](https://neuronup.us/training/3-easy-ways-to-add-your-certificate-to-linkedin/): Add your NeuronUP certificate to your LinkedIn profile Want to enhance your professional profile on LinkedIn? Add the NeuronUP certificate...
- [Speech therapy and language disorders in Parkinson's disease](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/speech-therapy-and-language-disorders-in-parkinsons-disease/): Parkinson’s is a neurodegenerative disease that affects muscle movement and the central nervous system. Among the functions it affects, there...
- [Intervention in Children with High Intellectual Ability](https://neuronup.us/psychology/intervention-in-children-with-high-intellectual-ability/): High Intellectual Ability (HIA) When the intelligence quotient (IQ) of an individual is around or above 130 we can affirm...
- [New memory activity for Adults - Obstacles on the Road](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/new-memory-activity-for-adults-obstacles-on-the-road/): We are launching this new activity thanks to the suggestion of one of our clients working with Multiple Sclerosis patients....
- [Brief anatomical basis of attention](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/brief-anatomical-basis-of-attention/): The following is a brief anatomical basis of attention. We are not looking for an exhaustive bibliographical or theoretical exhaustiveness...
- [Confabulations (Vol. II): theoretical models](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/confabulations-vol-ii-theoretical-models/): Confabulations can be defined as false memories due to a retrieval problem, where the patient is unaware that he/she is confabulating...
- [Where are the cats? - New episodic memory activity for kids](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/where-are-the-cats-new-episodic-memory-activity-for-kids/): New memory activity for children! Where are the cats? is the new NeuronUP game to work on episodic memory in...
- [Mental health of healthcare workers](https://neuronup.us/psychology/mental-health-of-healthcare-workers/): Working in the healthcare field in any capacity can be rewarding. It can also be very stressful. During the Covid-19...
- [Fragile X syndrome as told from an insider](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/fragile-x-syndrome-as-told-from-an-insider/): The child psychologist of the Catalan Association of Fragile X Syndrome, Laura Ruiz, tells the experience of the organization and...
- [Neuropsychological stimulation in dyslexia with digital tools](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/dyslexia/neuropsychological-stimulation-in-dyslexia-with-digital-tools/): Literacy is the key that opens a new world of learning in childhood. In this great leap, dyslexia acts as...
- [Visual gnosis activity for adults](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-gnosis/visual-gnosis-activity-for-adults/): Introducing a new visual gnosis activity for adults! Sort the Money is an exercise with high ecological value for adults...
- [New activity to work on episodic memory with children](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/new-activity-to-work-on-episodic-memory-with-children/): The First Dog - a new activity to work on episodic memory with children
- [Take a look at the 10 most used NeuronUP activities in 2021](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/take-a-look-at-the-10-most-used-neuronup-activities-in-2021/): Happy New Year readers! We at NeuronUp enjoy all the year end lists come January! It’s fun to look back...
- [Neurorehabilitation in brain injury: dual tasks and new technologies](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neurorehabilitation-in-brain-injury-dual-tasks-and-new-technologies/): The performance of neurorehabilitation activities that require the involvement of different processes allows a more comprehensive and realistic approach to...
- [ADHD Treatment with Neurofeedback](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/adhd-treatment-with-neurofeedback/): The cognitive process of attention allows us to access the world around us. The brain is concerned with filtering stimuli...
- [Autism in women and executive functions](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/autism-in-women-and-executive-functions/): Autism in women Statistics say that 1 out of 66 people live with autism and that there is one woman...
- [Hybrid cognitive stimulation of preventive groups with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/hybrid-cognitive-stimulation-of-preventive-groups-with-neuronup/): Vanessa Guilarte, neuropsychologist at MemoriK cognitive stimulation centers for the elderly, reveals the benefits of working with NeuronUP for cognitive...
- [Awareness of deficits in recovery from acquired brain injury](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/awareness-of-deficits-in-recovery-from-acquired-brain-injury/): The study of consciousness remains a mystery to contemporary science. However, it is increasingly becoming a key factor in the...
- [Fake It ’Til You Make It : The Effect of Body Posture on Attitude and Cognitive Performance](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/fake-it-til-you-make-it-the-effect-of-body-posture-on-attitude-and-cognitive-performance/): We are used to reading that nonverbal language—our gestures and body postures—reveals our mood or psychological state, something we reflect...
- [Compound Serotonin Receptor Shows Encouraging Results in Schizophrenia Patients](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/serotonin-and-schizophrenia/): Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with no definite cure yet. It means that someone suffering from the disease will...
- [Social functioning in schizophrenia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/social-functioning-in-schizophrenia/): Interpersonal difficulties have been widely described in individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders and, specifically, they are a major feature of...
- [Cognitive Rehabilitation after a Stroke](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/cognitive-rehabilitation-after-a-stroke/): Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain bursts or is clogged...
- [The advantages of working with NeuronUP in child and adolescent populations](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/the-advantages-of-working-with-neuronup-in-a-child-and-adolescent-population/): The neuropsychologist of the Centro Psicosanitario Galiani, María José Zambrana, explains in this article the advantages of working with NeuronUP...
- [The remains from a shipwreck: emotional memory and Alzheimer’s](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/emotional-memory-and-alzheimers/): The remains from a shipwreck. That’s what I like to call what Alzheimer´s doesn’t take away. And that is, in a way,...
- [Treatment with neurofeedback and NeuronUP in a case of global ADD.](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/treatment-with-neurofeedback-and-neuronup-in-a-case-of-global-add/): Treatment with neurofeedback and executive function training with NeuronUP in a boy with ADD A 15-year-old boy assessed with psychopedagogical...
- [Players in Order - Episodic memory game for kids](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/players-in-order-episodic-memory-game-for-kids/): We knew that the adult activity Sticky Notes in Order was going to be very successful, and we were right, its being...
- [Neuropsychological rehabilitation of visuospatial skills](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-visuospatial-skills/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-of-visuospatial-skills/): Visuospatial skills Visuospatial skills are an innate process for any human being and therefore it is important its evaluation and...
- [NeuronUP to work executive functions in ADHD: the case of "G"](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/neuronup-to-work-executive-functions-in-adhd-the-case-of-g/): The Centro Interdisciplinario para la Atención del TDAH y Problemas de Aprendizaje (CITPA) is a place in Toluca (Mexico), formed...
- [Neuropsychological rehabilitation of acquired brain damage](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-of-acquired-brain-damage/): Cognitive rehabilitation can be defined as the set of procedures applied to improve various abilities and skills such as attention,...
- [Theory of the mind in schizophrenia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/theory-of-the-mind-in-schizophrenia/): Definition The term “theory of mind” was initially proposed by Premack and Woodruff (1978) and refers to the individual’s ability...
- [Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: disorder or 'domain'?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/sluggish-cognitive-tempo-disorder-or-domain/): In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) initiated the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project in order to challenge...
- [Episodic memory game for adults](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/episodic-memory-game-for-adults/): This week we publish a new activity for adults thanks to the suggestion of one of our clients who works...
- [Personality disorder: what is it, nature, types, treatment and reality](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-disorder/personality-disorder/personality-disorder-what-is-it-nature-types-treatment-and-reality/): Our understanding of personality disorder is limited. What is it? What symptoms does it present? Why does it happen? How...
- [Non-verbal learning disability](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/non-verbal-learning-disability/): It is tempting to try to divide up cognition in order to study it, even though it is established that...
- [Acquired brain injury (ABI): rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/acquired-brain-injury-abi-rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation/): What is ABI? Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the result of a sudden injury to the brain that produces various...
- [Activity to teach children about money management](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/activity-to-teach-children-about-money-management/): New activity to teach kids how to manage money This week we present a children’s activity with high ecological value....
- [The work of a psychologist during the La Palma volcano eruption](https://neuronup.us/psychology/the-work-of-a-psychologist-during-the-la-palma-volcano-eruption/): Omaira Darias, health psychologist, tells us about her experience assisting the victims of the volcano eruption on La Palma.
- [The importance of a support network in neurodevelopmental disorders.](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/the-importance-of-a-support-network-in-neurodevelopmental-disorders/): Every expectation is full of hope and even more so if it is for a baby. When a child with...
- [Organizing work months in advance: NeuronUP programs](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/organizing-work-months-in-advance-neuronup-programs/): Are you aware of NeuronUP programs? Do you know that thanks to them you can organize your work months in...
- [New episodic memory game for children!](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/new-episodic-memory-game-for-children/): We are back and refreshed after summer vacations and we are back to the routine of releasing a new activity...
- [Cognitive rehabilitation for people with Alzheimer’s disease](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/cognitive-rehabilitation-for-people-with-alzheimers-disease/): Alzheimer’s disease is relentless. It progresses steadily while we are waiting for a miracle drug to get us out of this...
- [Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/cognitive-rehabilitation-in-parkinsons-disease/): What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, with studies reporting prevalence between 108-207...
- [Confabulations (Vol. I): classification, neuropathology and cognitive mechanisms](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/confabulations-vol-i-classification-neuropathology-and-cognitive-mechanisms/): Confabulation, sometimes called “honest lying” is a cognitive phenomenon that can be seen in several acquired neurological conditions as well...
- [What is optogenetics?](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/what-is-optogenetics/): Of all the techniques developed in neuroscience over the last few years, optogenetics is probably the one that has most...
- [Preventing Mild Cognitive Impairment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/preventing-mild-cognitive-impairment/): Here you will find valuable information on the definition, symptoms, types, causes and prevention of mild cognitive impairment, and learn...
- [What is magnetoreception?](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/what-is-magnetoreception/): The area of perception is one of the most diverse fields of neuroscience due to the large number of senses...
- [Cognitive stimulation exercises for people with Down syndrome](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-down-syndrome/cognitive-stimulation-exercises-for-people-with-down-syndrome/): Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. People with Down syndrome have all...
- [Deconstructing Tourette Syndrome](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/deconstructing-tourette-syndrome/): Have you heard of Tourette syndrome? It is considered a rare disease based on its prevalence in the population. However,...
- [Intervention with NeuronUP for cognitive stimulation in geriatrics](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-normal-aging/intervention-with-neuronup-for-cognitive-stimulation-in-geriatrics/): What is geriatrics? Geriatrics is a branch of medicine that brings together specialized personnel who can provide comprehensive and complete...
- [Treatment of schizophrenia: how to work on social cognition III](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/treatment-of-schizophrenia-how-to-work-on-social-cognition-iii/): Programs for the Treatment of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia Over the last few years, there have been many programs aimed...
- [Instrumental activities of daily living: what they are, types and examples](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-daily-living-adls/instrumental-activities-of-daily-living-what-they-are-types-and-examples/): Activities of daily living are those activities that increase a person’s independence and adaptation to the environment. There are three...
- [People living with Asperger's from a social point of view](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/asperger-syndrome/people-living-with-aspergers-from-a-social-point-of-view/): The term autism spectrum disorder has been a matter of debate because for those who interact with people who live...
- [Treatment of schizophrenia: how to work on social cognition II](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/treatment-of-schizophrenia-how-to-work-on-social-cognition-ii/): Programs for the Treatment of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia Over the last few years, there have been many programs aimed...
- [Intervention with NeuronUP in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-mild-cognitive-impairment/intervention-with-neuronup-in-the-elderly-with-mild-cognitive-impairment-mci/): This article explains how to carry out an intervention with NeuronUP in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The...
- [Behavioral problems and preventive methodologies](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/behavioral-problems-and-preventive-methodologies/): Imagine that no one speaks to you directly, but that they talk about you and your problems in your presence,...
- [Treatment of schizophrenia: how to work on social cognition I](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/treatment-of-schizophrenia-how-to-work-on-social-cognition-i/): Schizophrenia requires perpetual treatment even after the disappearance of symptoms. Programs for the treatment of social cognition in schizophrenia Over...
- [Bipolar disorder: what is it, types, cause, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/bipolar-disorder-what-is-it-types-cause-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/): What is bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by intense mood swings....
- [Caregiver communication with the patient with dementia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/caregiver-communication-with-the-patient-with-dementia/): Communication is a means of verbal and nonverbal expression that allows us to interact with others, this being an extremely...
- [The immense challenge of living a life with autism](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/the-immense-challenge-of-living-a-life-with-autism/): Life per se is a challenge, living with autism enhances the challenge. Context, for people transitioning through life with autism,...
- [NeuronUP activity default configurations](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/neuronup-activity-default-configurations/): In this blog post we explain what NeuronUP’s default activity settings are, what activities have various to choose from and...
- [Emotional regulation from the point of view of neuropsychology](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/emotional-regulation-from-the-point-of-view-of-neuropsychology/): The importance of emotional regulation The neuropsychologist’s work, by its nature, is imbued with affectivity. Although the main objective of...
- [Learning in students with special educational needs](https://neuronup.us/special-education/learning-in-students-with-special-educational-needs/): The learning process begins from the moment of birth for all children. The beginning of interaction with the physical and...
- [Language as a predictor of dementias](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/language-as-a-predictor-of-dementias/): The field of neuropsychological profile research in dementias is a prolific field, more and more interest is placed in knowing...
- [Rehabilitation of hemineglect after stroke](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/rehabilitation-of-hemineglect-after-stroke/): Definition of hemineglect and functional repercussions Hemineglect involves a difficulty in attending to the hemifield contralateral (usually the left) to...
- [Alterations in patients with Lewy body dementia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alterations-in-patients-with-dementia-with-lewy-body-dementia/): Dementia with Lewy bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, with...
- [Neurodevelopment: disorders, comorbidity and child neuropsychology.](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/neurodevelopment-disorders-comorbidity-and-child-neuropsychology/): Currently, there is an increase in emotional and behavioral alterations in childhood and adolescence (Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio...
- [The cognitive symptoms of depression](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/the-cognitive-symptoms-of-depression/): At NeuronUP, we approach this disorder by analyzing the cognitive symptoms of depression, so that people suffering from this disorder are encouraged...
- [Model of executive functions based on factorial analyses: a meta-analysis](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/model-of-executive-functions-based-on-factorial-analyses-a-meta-analysis/): Introduction.  Since Lezak coined the term executive functions to refer to the mental capabilities that are considered essential for performing...
- [Mirror Neuron System: Function, Dysfunction and Rehabilitation Proposals](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/mirror-neuron-system-function-dysfunction-and-rehabilitation-proposals/): Definition of the mirror neuron system Neuroanatomy of the mirror neuron system motor/imitation : There are two main neuronal networks...
- [Cognitive abilities: what they are, types, functioning and stimulation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-abilities-what-they-are-types-functioning-and-stimulation/): What are cognitive abilities? Cognitive abilities are a group of mental processes related to information processing that allow us to...
- [Cognitive stimulation in adults with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/cognitive-stimulation-in-adults-with-neuronup/): NeuroActivo Memory Care Services, a pioneer in Puerto Rico in cognitive stimulation for adults, tells us about its experience with...
- [Types of NeuronUP activities: worksheets, generators and games](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/types-of-neuronup-activities-worksheets-generators-and-games/): NeuronUP has thousands of cognitive stimulation exercises. All of them are divided into three types of activities: worksheets, generators and...
- [Intervention with NeuronUP for people with Down syndrome](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-down-syndrome/intervention-with-neuronup-for-people-with-down-syndrome/): This article explains how to carry out an intervention with NeuronUP for people affected with Down syndrome. The target group...
- [5 activities designed to work with children with ADHD](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-adhd/5-activities-designed-to-work-with-children-with-adhd/): Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by overt symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity-hyperactivity. It is estimated that in each classroom...
- [What is resilience?](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/what-is-resilience/): “I am a fortunate man. Nothing in my life has been easy” (Sigmund Freud) In life, sooner or later, we...
- [Children's laterality: cross laterality exercises for kids](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/childrens-laterality-cross-laterality-exercises-for-kids/): You’ve been asking for it and here it is: a new package to work on laterality in children, specifically cross...
- [Activities for people with Down syndrome](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-down-syndrome/activities-for-people-with-down-syndrome/): When we are told about Down syndrome, we immediately think of the face of a child or young person we...
- [Brainbow: How to Colorize a Brain](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/brainbow/): In 1906, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was shared between Camilo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Golgi was largely...
- [NeuronUP becomes an associate member of FALA, Florida's largest assisted living association.](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-becomes-an-associate-member-of-fala-floridas-largest-assisted-living-association/): We have good news and we want to share it with you! NeuronUP is now an associate member of FALA,...
- [Cognitive motor training: use of dual tasks, virtual and augmented reality](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-motor-training-use-of-dual-tasks-virtual-and-augmented-reality/): (The present document “Cognitive motor training: use of dual tasks, virtual and augmented reality” is based on a free translation...
- [Parkinson’s smell](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/parkinsons-smell/): Of the five senses, smelling is perhaps the least valued nowadays, even when we all have strong emotional memories associated...
- [NeuronUP participates in the Australian virtual conference OTAUS 2021](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/neuronup-participates-in-the-australian-virtual-conference-otaus-2021/): NeuronUP participates this week in the Australian virtual congress OTAUS 2021, the most important scientific conference in Australia for occupational...
- [Cognitive stimulation: cognitive stimulation activities](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-stimulation-cognitive-stimulation-activities/): Cognitive stimulation involves a range of activities aimed at maintaining or improving cognitive function. It targets cognitive domains such as...
- [What is occupational therapy good for?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/what-is-occupational-therapy-good-for/): The 27th of October is World Occupational Therapist Day, and from our cognitive rehabilitation platform we want to give a...
- [Kristine Kingsley Online Presentation – Emotional Regulation & Acquired Brain Injury](https://neuronup.us/training/neuronup-academy/kristine-kingsley-online-presentation-emotional-regulation-acquired-brain-injury/): Information on the free online presentation Title of the conference: “Emotional Regulation & Acquired Brain Injury- an overview of evidenced-based intervention models...
- [Intensive therapies in neurorehabilitation: Only applicable to motor functions?](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/intensive-therapies-in-neurorehabilitation-only-applicable-to-motor-functions/): The effect of intensive therapies on the recovery of people from brain injury has been studied with increasing frequency in recent years....
- [4 Perplexing Main Rare Causes of Stroke](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/4-perplexing-main-rare-causes-of-stroke/): Stroke is a chief cause of death- the third in the U. S with statistics citing about 140,000 fatalities annually. The condition...
- [Sustained attention impairment and rehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/sustained-attention-impairment-and-rehabilitation/): What is attention? Attention is a basic, multidimensional cognitive ability, essential for information processing. On the one hand, it is...
- [Rehabilitation treatment for developmental coordination disorder (DCD)](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/rehabilitation-treatment-for-developmental-coordination-disorder-dcd/): From childhood onwards, we acquire information about how to perform specific tasks unconsciously and from experience. This information is stored...
- [Painting Alzheimer’s](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/painting-alzheimers/): All artists sign their work, however, by the end of 1999, William Utermohlen could barely remember his signature. Born in Philadelphia (1933),...
- [12 Effective neurorehabilitation activities to treat neurological diseases](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/12-effective-neurorehabilitation-activities-to-treat-neurological-diseases/): We present 12 effective neurorehabilitation activities to treat neurological diseases. What is neurorehabilitation? Neurorehabilitation consists of a set of well-designed...
- [Video games help treat neurological problems: a pioneering example for combating lazy eye](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/video-games-help-treat-neurological-problems-a-pioneering-example-for-combating-lazy-eye/): Nowadays, the video game industry is one of the most important in the world, with a large part of the...
- [Cognitive abilities or functions: definition, examples, and exercises for improving them](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/exercises-for-improving-cognitive-functions/): Cognition or cognitive functions are mental processes that allow us to receive, process and elaborate information. They allow individuals to...
- [Cognitive rehabilitation exercises for people with multiple sclerosis](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-multiple-sclerosis/cognitive-rehabilitation-exercises-for-people-with-multiple-sclerosis/): Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by an unknown virus or antigen. In this case, our body’s...
- [Specific language impairment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/specific-language-impairment/): Specific language impairment (SLI) is a serious and long-lasting developmental disorder that affects the acquisition and development of spoken language. It...
- [Dr Sheldon Herring – The Conscious Therapist: Mindfulness Applied](https://neuronup.us/training/neuronup-academy/dr-sheldon-herring-the-conscious-therapist-mindfulness-applied/): Information on the free online presentation Title of the conference: “The Conscious Therapist: Mindfulness Applied” This NeuronUP Academy presentation was...
- [Multiple Sclerosis, employment and stigma: a break in everyday life](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-employment-and-stigma-a-break-in-everyday-life/): Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is one of the leading causes of non-traumatic disability in young adults....
- [How does insomnia affect executive functions?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/how-does-insomnia-affect-executive-functions/): How does insomnia affect executive functions?  In today’s society, sleep problems are much more common than in previous decades. This...
- [A new educational challenge: How does a child’s brain work?](https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/neuroeducation-educational-challenge/): For decades, educators have been teaching and educating without knowing the neural connections formed in children at each developmental stage....
- [Chiari Malformation Type I: A Clinical Case](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/chiari-malformation-type-i-a-clinical-case/): Before presenting the clinical case, I will give a brief explanation of Chiari malformation.
- [Borderline personality disorder: a personal story](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/borderline-personality-disorder-a-personal-story/): Hello, my name is Elena. I am 36 years-old and suffer from borderline personality disorder (BPD) and chronic anxiety and...
- [Hemineglect: The Half of Everything](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/hemineglect-the-half-of-everything/): How many times have you gone to the fridge or the closet looking for something specific, and even though you...
- [Executive functions: Can they be improved?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/executive-functions-can-they-be-improved/): Most recent studies in the field of neuropsychology and functional neuroimaging have highlighted the importance of executive functions (EF). Thanks...
- [The cognitive mechanisms of errorless learning](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/the-cognitive-mechanisms-of-errorless-learning/): Errorless learning (EL) is a commonly used technique in memory rehabilitation given the advantage it has for patients with amnesia over...
- [Benefits of leisure and tourism for people with disabilities](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/benefits-of-leisure-and-tourism-for-people-with-disabilities/): We all love to travel: to discover new destinations, make new friends, etc. However, for people with disabilities, traveling is...
- [NeuronUP: telerehabilitation platform for professionals](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/neuronup-telerehabilitation-platform-for-professionals/): Telerehabilitation, teletherapy, e-therapy, telemedicine, telehealth, remote therapy are a few of the terms being tossed around in these unprecedented times....
- [5 free printable memory exercises you can't miss from NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/5-free-printable-memory-exercises-you-cant-miss-from-neuronup/): When I was little, my classmates and I activitely participated in the Book It! program (the promise of free personal...
- [Aura Fundació discusses the importance of cognitive stimulation for people with intellectual disability](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/aura-fundacio-discusses-the-importance-of-cognitive-stimulation-for-people-with-intellectual-disability/): Have you heard of Aura Fundació? Do you know what its mission is? The head of the neuropsychology program at...
- [New Technologies for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Increasing Opportunities for a Better Life](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/new-technologies-for-people-with-intellectual-disabilities-increasing-opportunities-for-a-better-life/): New technologies for people with intellectual disabilities by el Centro San Rafael de la Fundación San Francisco de Borja 1. San...
- [10 Exercises for Improving Language](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/exercises-for-improving-language/): Language is one of the main cognitive functions that allows us to produce, communicate, and understand ideas through sounds, symbols...
- [Intervention on a basic activity of daily living (dressing) with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-daily-living-adls/intervention-on-a-basic-activity-of-daily-living-dressing-with-neuronup/): According to the framework developed by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), activities of daily living (ADLs) are activities oriented...
- [Social Cognition or Understanding Others: Social Cognition Activities](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-or-understanding-others-social-cognition-activities/): Thanks to which cognitive function are we capable of interpreting other people’s emotions? Can you identify the function responsible for...
- [Embodied memory: The influence of body posture on autobiographical memory](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/embodied-cognition/): Embodied cognition is a concept involving the claim that states of the body modify states of the mind . It...
- [Fun game to work on selective attention with children](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/fun-game-work-selective-attention-children/): This week we’re not just releasing one new activity, but two! Both for the kiddos! Search and you will find!...
- [Decision Making from a Psychological Perspective](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/decision-making-from-a-psychological-perspective/): The importance of decision making lies in the fact that it is one of the most complex cognitive processes dealt...
- [Emotional Intelligence Activities](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/emotional-intelligence-activities/): Emotional intelligence is a basic concept in psychology that is gaining in importance. It is considered crucial in predicting our...
- [Activities to improve executive functions](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/activities-to-improve-executive-functions/): As we promised, today we are sharing some activities to improve executive functions.
- [Neurodevelopmental disorders and their impact on cognitive functions](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/neurodevelopmental-disorders-and-their-impact-on-cognitive-functions/): In recent years, the interest in knowing how the brain works, both in normal and pathological conditions, has increased and...
- [Working memory and short-term memory: distinction and revision](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/working-memory-and-short-term-memory-distinction-and-revision/): One distinction we usually make when talking about different human memory systems is between working memory and short-term memory. In...
- [The role of the occupational therapist in cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/occupational-therapist-in-cognitive-stimulation-and-rehabilitation/): An occupational therapist, better known as an OT, is a professional who studied in the university in order to get...
- [Activities for children with intellectual disabilities](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-intellectual-disabilities/activities-children-intellectual-disabilities/): Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which manifest themselves...
- [Memory games for seniors: Worksheets for improving memory](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/memory-games-for-seniors-worksheets-for-improving-memory/): 5 Memory games for seniors 1. Greater than and less than “Greater than and less than” is the first game...
- [Cognitive stimulation worksheets to improve gnosis](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-gnosis/cognitive-stimulation-worksheets-to-improve-gnosis/): Gnosis is the ability of the brain to recognize previously learned information such as objects, persons, or places collected from...
- [6 Cognitive Stimulation Activities for People with Alzheimer’s Disease](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-alzheimers/6-cognitive-stimulation-activities-for-people-with-alzheimers-disease/): Alzheimer’s disease involves the development of multiple cognitive deficits, including memory impairment and impairment of functions such as language, praxias,...
- [The Sexual Brain: Neuroscience and sex-related differences](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/brain/sexual-brain/): The origin of brain sexuality It is common knowledge that there are anthropomorphic differences between women and men depending on...
- [On-off phenomena? Wearing-off? Why are they important in Parkinson's disease?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/on-off-phenomena-wearing-off-why-are-they-important-in-parkinsons-disease/): Parkinson’s disease destroys the neuronal nuclei and circuits that are responsible for distributing and generating dopamine. The most important of...
- [The Pygmalion Effect and the Power of Expectations](https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/the-pygmalion-effect-and-the-power-of-expectations/): What is the Pygmalion effect? The Pygmalion effect refers to the more or less conscious interpretation and belief of how...
- [Memory and its systems: a non-unitary concept](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/memory-and-its-systems-a-non-unitary-concept/): Human adaptation to environmental demands is based on memory, one basic cognitive ability. In fact, this cognitive process is studied...
- [Visual Agnosia: Seeing Without Recognition](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/visual-agnosia/): Have you ever found yourself struggling to understand an image without being able to? Have you tried perhaps to find...
- [Executive functions: what they are, types, and how to improve them](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/executive-functions-what-they-are-types-and-how-to-improve-them/): Executive functions are higher-order skills involved in the energization, regulation, sound execution and on-line readjustment of goal-directed behaviors (Verdejo-García &...
- [New sensory stimulation treatment options for patients with chronic disorders of consciousness](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stimulation-treatment-for-chronic-disorders-of-consciouness/): Sensory stimulation programs have a long history of being used in neurorehabilitation, as they are one of the most commonly...
- [Mount Sinai is conducting research with NeuronUP on the cognitive sequelae of COVID-19](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/mount-sinai-research-neuronup-covid-19/): The purpose of the Mount Sinai Hospital’s research with NeuronUP is to rehabilitate cognitive impairments caused by the coronavirus The...
- [Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation of Aphasia](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neuropsychological-assessment-and-rehabilitation-of-aphasia/): The term aphasia refers to alterations in language and communication due to brain injury, although aphasia entails limitations in all...
- [Social Cognition Activities for Adults](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-activities/): From today you can work with four new social cognition activities for adults! Many of you asked us for more...
- [Multiple Sclerosis vs. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: How do they differ?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-vs-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-how-do-they-differ/): Nowadays there is considerable confusion between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Most people think it is the...
- [Rehabilitation of alternating attention](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-alternating-attention/): As already discussed in a previous blog post, the most frequently used theoretical model for the rehabilitation of attention is...
- [The 5 most popular cognitive stimulation activities for adults](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/cognitive-stimulation-activities-adults/): Pair up the figures or Repeated words were some of the most popular activities of cognitive stimulation for adults. At...
- [Cognitive stimulation activities for people with intellectual disabilities](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-intellectual-disabilities/cognitive-stimulation-activities-people-intellectual-disabilities/): Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which manifest themselves...
- [Basic activities of daily living: intervention for improving dressing performance with NeuronUP](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-daily-living-adls/basic-activities-of-daily-living-intervention-neuronup/): According to the framework developed by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) (1), activities of daily living are activities oriented...
- [Dyslexia: meaning, symptoms, types and dyslexic activities](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/dyslexia-meaning-symptoms-types-dyslexic-activities/): Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder characterized by an impaired ability to recognize words, slow and hesitant reading, and poor...
- [Rehabilitation of selective attention](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-selective-attention/): Attention is a complex cognitive function that has been researched from several scientific fields—from neuropsychology to cognitive neurosciencevia psychometrics and...
- [7 Exercises for the rehabilitation of visuospatial skills](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-visuospatial-skills/7-exercises-for-the-rehabilitation-of-visuospatial-skills/): Do you know what visuospatial skills are, why are they important, or how can they be improved? Today, we explain...
- [Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): Definition, classification and exercises for kids and adults](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/adls/activities-of-daily-living-adls-definition-classification-and-exercises-for-kids-and-adults/): Do you know what activities of daily living are? Do you know the difference between basic and instrumental activities of...
- [10 Cognitive rehabilitation exercises: practical examples](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/10-cognitive-rehabilitation-exercises-practical-examples/): Cognitive stimulation or cognitive rehabilitation is a set of techniques to improve the functioning of cognitive abilities.
- [Explaining Alzheimer’s Disease to Children](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/explaining-alzheimers-disease-to-children/): Every July 26th Grandparents Day is celebrated to pay tribute to the vital role grandparents play in families. At NeuronUP,...
- [NeuronUP organizes the IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/neuronup-organizes-the-iv-iberoamerican-conference-of-neuropsychology/): We are very happy to announce that... NeuronUP is organizing the IV Iberoamerican Congress of Neuropsychology together with Neuropsychology Learning...
- [Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/gender-dysphoria-in-children-and-adolescents/): Transgender people experience a sense of dissonance between their biological sex at birth and their gender identity.
- [Attention problems: what are they, types, symptoms and exercises to improve attention](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/attention-problems-what-are-they-types-symptoms-and-exercises-to-improve/): We live in a time in which we are swamped with stimuli that make it difficult for us to maintain...
- [Exercises to improve praxis](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-praxis/exercises-to-improve-praxis/): Praxis refers to learned motor activity. In other words, praxis is the generation of volitional movement for the performance of...
- [Activities for the neuropsychological rehabilitation in patients with Broca’s aphasia](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/brocas-aphasia/): Language is the ability enabling humans to communicate with others by means of sounds, signs and symbols used to name...
- [Activities for improving orientation](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-orientation/activities-for-improving-orientation/): For most of us, it can be easy to answer questions like who are you? where are you now? or...
- [Anterior cingulate cortex: executive control, emotional control](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/brain/anterior-cingulate-cortex-executive-control-emotional-control/): In today's blog post we talk about anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and, specifically, the executive and emotional control of the...
- [Asperger Syndrome from the perspective of neuropsychology](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/asperger-syndrome/asperger-syndrome-from-the-perspective-of-neuropsychology/): February 18th is International Asperger’s Day, a still relatively unknown disorder among the general population. Today, NeuronUP would like to...
- [Crossed laterality and learning difficulties](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/crossed-laterality-and-learning-difficulties/): What is laterality? Laterality is the distribution of functions across the two cerebral hemispheres. The preference for one side of...
- [5 movies depicting neurodegenerative diseases](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/movies-neurodegenerative-diseases/): Movies provide us with stories of fantasy, comedy, adventure, or drama. Movies are much more than simple entertainment. Cinema is...
- [5 cognitive stimulation activities for children that you should know about](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/5-cognitive-stimulation-activities-for-children-that-you-should-know-about/): Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Children: 1. The Magic Word The classic word search puzzle remains the cognitive stimulation activity most...
- [Cognitive rehabilitation activities for children with ADHD](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-adhd/cognitive-rehabilitation-activities-for-children-with-adhd/): October 1st is ADHD World Awareness Day, and in observance of that day, NeuronUP recommends cognitive rehabilitation activities for children with ADHD. The...
- [Autism and the Brain](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/autism-and-the-brain/): Autism is a developmental neurobiological disorder that manifests itself during the first three or four years of life and lasts...
- [Anosognosia: What is it, a History and it’s Neuropsychological Reality](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/anosognosia-what-it-is-history-and-its-neuropsychological-reality/): Anosognosia is often an aspect that remains in the background when talking about neuropsychology. Therefore, this article aims to explain...
- [Aphasia: Differential Diagnosis](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/aphasia/): Aphasia is the loss or impairment of language function caused by brain damage that is typically associated with lesions in...
- [Rehabilitation of divided attention](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-divided-attention/): What is divided attention? Divided attention is the last and highest level of attention inthe clinical model proposed by Sohlberg...
- [Exercises for Stroke Patients](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-stroke/exercises-for-stroke-patients/): Cognitive rehabilitation is crucial for recovery after stroke. Therefore, here we provide you with some exercises for stroke patients ,...
- [Executive functions in children and adolescents](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/executive-functions-in-children-and-adolescents/): Thanks to this post, you will further your understanding of executive functions in children and adolescents, with a special emphasis...
- [Occupational therapy for patients with acquired brain injury](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/occupational-therapy-for-patients-with-acquired-brain-injury/): Today, the occupational therapist Ángel Sánchez, after explaining in an earlier post the goals and functions of occupational therapy, addresses the role...
- [Activities for improving reasoning in children](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/activities-for-improving-reasoning-in-children/): Cognitive stimulation is a fundamental neuropsychological technique for improving mental capacity in people. When applied to children, cognitive stimulation aims...
- [How to Improve Your Social Skills: Social Skills Games](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-skills/how-to-improve-your-social-skills-social-skills-games/): What are social skills? Definition of Social Skills Social skills are a set of behavioral strategies and the abilities to...
- [Cognitive impairment in people with epilepsy](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/epilepsy-cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment-epilepsy/): Can epilepsy cause cognitive decline? From NeuronUP, we would like to talk about the cognitive impairment in people with epilepsy....
- [Brain-behavior relationship: are we our brains?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/brain/brain-and-behavior-relationship/): The relationship between brain and behavior seems to be the successor of the famous Cartesian mind-body dualism, where the brain...
- [6 activities to improve memory](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/activities-improve-memory/): “Memory is the diary that we all carry with us”, Oscar Wilde once wrote. Memory is the storage of information...
- [NeuronUP Achieves HIPAA Compliance with Compliancy Group](https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-achieves-hipaa-compliance-with-compliancy-group/): NeuronUP has demonstrated its good faith effort toward HIPAA compliance by completing Compliancy Group’s proprietary HIPAA compliance process. NeuronUP is...
- [New series for kids with brain injury: POPI & PEPA](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/new-series-for-kids-with-brain-injury-popi-pepa/): The Fundación DACER presents Popi&Pepa, an audiovisual animated series aimed at children who are hospitalized as a result ofa brain...
- [Worksheets for improving attention and memory in children and adults](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/worksheets-for-improving-attention-and-memory-in-children-and-adults/): Worksheets for improving attention and memory are vital when training these cognitive functions in both children and adults. But why...
- [Learning functional skills. Implications for rehabilitation after acquired brain injury](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/learning-functional-skills-implications-for-rehabilitation-after-acquired-brain-injury/): Over the past two decades, motor learning has been defined in many ways. While motor control focuses on understanding the...
- [Neurodevelopmental disorders: concept, types and treatment](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/neurodevelopmental-disorders-concept-types-and-treatment/): An estimated 5% to 10% of the population are affected by neurodevelopmental disorders whichtypically onset in childhood, prior to puberty,...
- [Memory: definition, types, exercises and evaluation](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/memory-definition-types-exercises-and-evaluation/): In many ways, our memories make us who we are, they are our essence as human beings. But in order...
- [10 Cognitive Stimulation Activities for People with Parkinson’s Disease](https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-parkinsons/10-cognitive-stimulation-activities-for-people-with-parkinsons-disease/): NeuronUP has cognitive stimulation exercises to train the cognitive functions most frequently affected in people with Parkinson’s disease: attention, visuospatial skills, information processing...
- [Chemo brain: Do cancer survivors have cognitive impairment?](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/chemo-brain-do-cancer-survivors-have-cognitive-impairment/): Before answering this question, it is useful to put it into context. First, epidemiologists have observed a general increase in...
- [Phobias and the brain: Eliminating phobias](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-disorder/anxiety-disorder/phobia/phobias-and-the-brain-eliminating-phobias/): A phobia is an intense fear that appears immediately when faced with a specific object or situation. Most common phobias...
- [12 ways to support your friend with Tourette’s](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/tourette-syndrome/12-ways-to-support-your-friend-with-tourettes/): Tourette syndrome (TS) can be very strange to those who do not know or understand it. This week we celebrate...
- [Occupational therapy: Characteristics, goals, and functions](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/occupational-therapy-characteristics-goals-and-functions/): Occupational Therapy (OT) is a health profession recognized by law (Law 44/2003 of 21 November on the Regulation of Health Professions);...
- [Updated laws and news related to teletherapy for neurorehabilitation professionals](https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/updated-laws-and-news-related-to-teletherapy-for-neurorehabilitation-professionals/): NeuronUP is an online platform with thousands of cognitive stimulation for professionals working in neurorehabilitation interventions.   The platform has...
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# Detailed Content


## Pages

### NeuronUP for associations

- Published: 2025-03-24
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/associations/

Solutions for associations Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation AFA Viveiro, Down Coruña, and the Asociación Granadina de Esclerosis Múltiple are some of the associations that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions. Would you like to find out how you can also benefit from the innovative resources used by the sector’s leading facilities? Request information Associations already working with NeuronUP Benefits of NeuronUP for associations Users The option to carry out activities both in rehabilitation centers and from home. Reduced boredom and mental fatigue during sessions. Difficulty adjusted based on individual progress. A tangible sense of progress thanks to ongoing feedback. Professionals Greater efficacy in cognitive rehabilitation. Simplified user tracking. More engaging and interactive activities to increase user motivation. Continuously updated material based on scientific advances. Group activities recommended for more dynamic sessions. Directors Lower expenses on physical materials thanks to digitization. Serve a greater number of users without compromising quality. Implementation of advanced technology that boosts perceived quality. Data-driven decision-making with detailed reports and analyses of therapy impact, optimizing rehabilitation. Testimonials from other associations Asociación Parkinson Alicante "NeuronUP is an innovative platform for cognitive training, featuring adapted exercises and progress tracking. Its user-friendly interface enables access from any device. It’s versatile and suitable for patients of all ages. " Asociación Abriendo Puertas "This platform is very useful for working with both children and adults. It allows you to conduct sessions in an entertaining way while using technology, which is highly motivating, especially for children. "...

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### NeuronUP for neurorehabilitation centers

- Published: 2025-03-24
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/neurorehabilitation-centers/

Solutions for neurorehabilitation centers Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation MITAI, Aire Valencia, and Aita Menni are some of the rehabilitation centers that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions. Would you like to find out how you can also benefit from the innovative resources used by the leading names in the sector? Request information Rehabilitation centers already working with NeuronUP Benefits of NeuronUP for rehabilitation centers Users Customized exercises adapted to each user’s needs and cognitive abilities. Automatic progress tracking for more accurate and effective interventions. Remote cognitive stimulation through NeuronUP2GO, preventing interruptions due to illness or reduced mobility. Professionals Quick and efficient planning of sessions via intuitive tools. Adaptable activities for designing personalized interventions based on each user. Automatic evaluation and detailed report generation to accurately adjust therapies. Directors Efficient, simultaneous management of multiple users and professionals. Detailed monitoring of user progress and team productivity through graphs and reports. Geographical expansion of the center’s reach thanks to telerehabilitation, offering accessible, innovative, and high-quality care. Testimonials from other rehabilitation centers Diana Góes, Centro Córtex Saúde LTDA I love having access to NeuronUP’s scores. They’re a big help in choosing rehabilitation goals and provide a lot of clarity about each patient’s clinical improvement or decline. ” Hugo Cruz, Neuro@ctiva I recently worked with an 8-year-old girl using NeuronUP2GO after a month of in-person sessions. I’m from Coimbra and she’s from Vigo, so NeuronUP2GO was key to continue remotely. She had numerical dyslexia, and after 3 months...

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### NeuronUP for nursing homes

- Published: 2025-03-24
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/nursing-homes/

Solutions for nursing homes Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation DomusVi Fátima, Santa Maria del Tura, and Rey Aridad Rosales are some of the nursing homes that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions. Would you like to find out how you can also benefit from the innovative resources used by the sector’s leading facilities? Request information Nursing homes already working with NeuronUP Benefits of NeuronUP for nursing homes Users Stimulating and personalized exercises. Increased autonomy and cognitive health. Adapted, engaging sessions. Access to programs designed by specialists. Professionals Access to digital tools for cognitive stimulation. Detailed tracking of each user’s progress. Customization of sessions according to needs. Coordinated teamwork with other professionals. Directors Improves the quality of the services offered. Stand out from competitors with innovative services. Optimizes therapy planning. Greater satisfaction for users and their families. Testimonials from other nursing homes Verónica Fernández Díaz, Residencia Alcalá de Henares A very comprehensive platform for cognitive stimulation that all professionals who can access it should have. Lorena Sureda, Residencia del Hospital de LLevant I’m an occupational therapist and use NeuronUP in my cognitive stimulation sessions. The residents enjoy this platform because it’s very dynamic and functional. Sara Pestaña Vidal, Fundació Sociosanitaria I Social TSA TECLA As a psychologist, I use it to work with older adults and they love it. They feel very happy to be able to use technology while training their minds in a fun way. Trust in our numbers +150 nursing homes...

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### NeuronUP for hospitals

- Published: 2025-03-24
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/hospitals/

Solutions for hospitals Position yourself at the forefront of neurorehabilitation Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Quirónsalud, and Hospital Sant Celoni are some of the hospitals that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions.    Would you like to find out how you can benefit from the leading platform already used by the sector’s top facilities? Request information Hospitals already working with NeuronUP Benefits of NeuronUP for hospitals Users Access to customized and adapted therapies. Greater adherence to treatment. Improved autonomy and quality of life. Continuity of treatment also from home. Professionals Greater coordination and interdisciplinary teamwork. Greater precision in assessment and monitoring. Improvement in clinical outcomes. Ease of implementation and use. Directors Competitive edge over other hospitals. Enhanced hospital reputation. Improved quality of care. Resource optimization and cost reduction. Testimonials from other hospitals Rosa Espinosa, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca "We focus on NeuronUP to establish a foundation (recovery, replacement, or compensation of function) in order to later generalize what is learned and promote the ecological validity of the intervention. It allows us to select a specific function to work on, compare results of the same activity, and give them feedback. " Olga Prian Serrano, Instituto de Especialidades Neurológicas (IENSA) "The NeuronUP cognitive stimulation platform is a wonderful tool that provides the basis for adapting our work materials to each patient’s cognitive and educational level. For example, it allows working on different cognitive functions using the same worksheet,...

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### NeuronUP for groups

- Published: 2025-03-24
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/groups/

Solutions for groups Organizations at the forefront of neurorehabilitation choose NeuronUP Sanitas, Sanofi, Vitalia, Cruz Roja, Caser, Grupo 5, and Emeis already trust NeuronUP to digitize and optimize their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation processes. Our platform enables efficient, scalable management with complete traceability, ensuring the best care across your entire network of centers. Do you want to find out how your company can benefit from the leading platform already used by top organizations in the sector? Request information Groups already working with NeuronUP Benefits of NeuronUP for Groups Time savings and greater operational efficiency Make your professionals' work easier with tools that optimize session planning and group interventions. They can also manage remote rehabilitation, expanding the reach of your centers. Centralized management, supervision, and activity control Monitor your team's activity with detailed records and download usage reports to improve management, justify grants, or prepare annual reports. Keep both users and their families informed about their progress. Scalability and ongoing support NeuronUP adapts to any structure, allowing implementation in multiple centers seamlessly, along with free and ongoing training provided by experts. Data protection and regulatory compliance NeuronUP meets the highest data protection standards, ensuring the confidentiality and security of your users’ information, as demonstrated by the ISO 27001:2022 certification we have obtained. Testimonials from Clients Ramón Cubillo Serrano, Operations Director Sanitas We are very satisfied with the platform because it is another step toward our ambitious digitalization project, which aims to automate processes for our workers and provide online services for...

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### Neurorehabilitation Solutions

- Published: 2025-03-24
- Modified: 2025-03-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/

Neurorehabilitation Solutions NeuronUP is a web platform for neurorehabilitation designed to serve as a key support for professionals involved in rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation processes that adapts to the needs and characteristics of the type of center and user it is aimed at. What solutions do we offer according to your type of center? Solutions for groups Sanitas, Sanofi, Vitalia, Cruz Roja, Caser, Grupo 5, and Emeis already trust NeuronUP to digitize and optimize their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation processes. Our platform enables efficient, scalable management with complete traceability, ensuring the best care across your entire network of centers. Read more about solutions for groups Solutions for hospitals The Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Quirónsalud, and Hospital Sant Celoni are some of the hospitals that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions. Read more about solutions for hospitals Solutions for nursing homes DomusVi Fátima, Santa Maria del Tura, and Rey Aridad Rosales are some of the nursing homes that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions. Read more about solutions for nursing homes Solutions for rehabilitation centers MITAI, Aire Valencia, and Aita Menni are some of the rehabilitation centers that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation interventions. Read more about solutions for rehabilitation centers Solutions for associations AFA Viveiro, Down Coruña, and the Asociación Granadina de Esclerosis Múltiple are some of the associations that already trust NeuronUP to enhance their...

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### Solutions for neurorehabilitation professionals

- Published: 2025-01-09
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/what-is-neuronup-professional-tool-for-rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation/solutions-for-neurorehabilitation-professionals/

NeuronUP is an application that provides therapists with tools to achieve the greatest possible level of functional autonomy for users A therapeutic intervention with NeuronUP facilitates working both on a cognitive and behavioral level to restore the user’s self-esteem, strengthen preserved abilities, achieve better social reintegration, and inform and advise the family environment about the affected individual’s progress. NeuronUP allows combining conventional rehabilitation techniques with the introduction of new technologies and applying research techniques to improve neurological disorders, minimizing the repercussions of the user’s pathology and maximizing the results of the professional’s therapeutic methodology for a possible recovery. Learn more about NeuronUP NeuronUP University Place your university at the forefront of education and train the future mental health professionals with our tool. See the benefits for your university NeuronUP School Provide an added value to your teachers and students, covering learning difficulties among your students. Check out our options for schools NeuronUP Products Kids Digital Activities Plan 3,000 cognitive stimulation activities specially designed for children, developed by psychologists, speech therapists, and pedagogues, focusing on ADHD, learning disorders, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Exercises specifically designed for children, with a broad range of difficulty levels. Special emphasis has been placed on creating brain training activities that increase motivation during cognitive rehabilitation, as a starting point to boost children’s engagement. NeuronUP Kids offers specialized and interactive cognitive stimulation games to work on intellectual disabilities, ADHD, autism, various learning disorders such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, expression disorders, and comprehension disorders, as well as other communication disorders. I want...

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### Advantages of creating patients in NeuronUP

- Published: 2024-12-29
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/product/advantages-of-creating-patients-in-neuronup/

How many systems do you use to monitor your patients' information? Creating a profile for each patient in NeuronUP will allow you to have all the information about their sessions and results grouped in one place and track their progress. What is a NeuronUP patient? In NeuronUP, we refer to users as patients. If you prefer to use another term, you can do so. You can choose between patients, cliens, or students. Benefits of creating patients in NeuronUP Group and organize your patients' information. Define the professionals who will work with each patient. Create customized sessions and programs for each patient. Enhance the work done at your center with home sessions. Work with multiple patients simultaneously in one session, each at their own pace! Patients' results are automatically recorded. Measure progress for each patient with NeuronUP Score. Additionally, remember that all NeuronUP plans include unlimited users/patients. We don’t charge you extra for your patients. With NeuronUP, you can work with as many patients and patients as you need. 1. Group and organize your patients' information NeuronUP allows you to have all your patients' information, including reports, medical tests, notes, schedules, activity results, etc.  Everything is grouped and organized in one single place, always accessible and secure.  Additionally, it helps you maintain patient confidentiality. 2. Define the professionals who will work with each patient You can define which professionals will work with a patient. This is helpful when multiple professionals work with the same patient at the center. 3. Create customized sessions and...

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### NeuronUP Equality Plan 2024 – 2025

- Published: 2024-09-17
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/about-us/neuronup-equality-plan/

1. Introduction NeuronUP SL, headquartered at Calle Piqueras nº 31, 5th Floor, Logroño (La Rioja), with VAT number B-26479725, is a limited liability company founded in La Rioja. It was established on February 4, 2011, and is registered in the Commercial Registry of La Rioja. NeuronUP is an internet service provider that has developed a professional management application for the rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation of individuals with various neurological conditions. As of January 2024, NeuronUP's workforce consists of 36 employees, evenly divided between men and women (18 men and 18 women). 2. Objective The objective of this Equality Plan is to ensure equal treatment and opportunities for men and women at NeuronUP, eliminating any form of discrimination in the workplace. 3. Scope of application and period of validity This equality plan will apply to all NeuronUP employees, regardless of their type of contract. It will be in force for two years from the date of implementation. The equality plan will remain in effect unless legal or contractual regulations require its review, or if experience indicates a necessary adjustment. Specific actions may be established for particular stakeholder groups within the company. 4. Equality measures 4. 1 Awareness and training Gender equality awareness: Awareness sessions and workshops on gender equality will be conducted for all NeuronUP staff. Inclusive language training: Training courses on inclusive language will be offered to promote non-sexist communication in all internal documents and communications. 4. 2 Promoting equality in recruitment and career development Equal opportunity in recruitment processes: Objective and...

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### Information Security Policy

- Published: 2024-09-17
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/about-us/information-security-policy/

1. Introduction NeuronUP relies on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) systems to achieve its objectives. These systems must be managed diligently, taking appropriate measures to protect them from accidental or deliberate harm that could affect the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of the information processed or the services provided. NeuronUP staff must ensure that security is an integral part of every stage of the system's lifecycle, from conception to decommissioning, including development or acquisition decisions and operational activities. NeuronUP's departments, in accordance with their assigned functions, must be prepared to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from incidents, in compliance with applicable regulations. To ensure compliance with this policy, the Information Security Committee regularly develops and evaluates systems and ensures that all NeuronUP personnel are aware of and fulfill their roles in accordance with information security. 2. Scope of application This policy applies to all ICT systems of NeuronUP and to all members of the organization, without exceptions. 3. Purpose of this Policy The purpose of this policy is to establish the framework for ensuring the security of information and the continuous provision of services. This Policy is implemented through security documentation and regulations available to all members of the organization who need to know it, particularly for those who use, operate, or manage information and communication systems, via procedures, processes, technical instructions, etc. The security regulations are available to all employees of the organization in the general documentation space within Google Workspace. 4. Regulatory framework NeuronUP is committed to complying with all applicable laws, regulations,...

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### Environmental Policy

- Published: 2024-09-17
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/about-us/environmental-policy/

1. Purpose At NeuronUP, we recognize the importance of protecting the environment and are committed to acting responsibly to reduce our impact. 2. Scope This policy applies to all of NeuronUP’s activities, as well as to all employees, suppliers, and collaborators who work with us. 3. Environmental objectives 3. 1 Contributing to a paperless office (zero paper) Reduce paper use by promoting digital practices in all administrative processes. Only print when absolutely necessary. 3. 2 Emissions reduction Implement measures in supplier selection, prioritizing those with environmental policies. 4. Commitments and actions 4. 1 Waste management We minimize waste generation and promote recycling and reuse. Water dispensers have been installed to reduce the use of plastic water bottles. We provide separate bins for recyclable materials. 4. 2 Energy conservation We turn off equipment when not in use. 4. 3 Awareness We inform employees about environmental practices through informational posters regarding device checks before leaving the offices and reminders in internal newsletters. 5. Responsibilities The implementation and supervision of this policy will be the responsibility of NeuronUP’s Administration Department, with the support of all employees. It will be responsible for: Ensuring all established practices are followed. Proposing better environmental practices. 6. Management commitment NeuronUP’s management is committed to providing the necessary resources to implement this policy and ensure its effectiveness. We are dedicated to continuously working towards reducing our environmental impact and positively contributing to the sustainability of the environment in which we operate. 7. Conclusion At NeuronUP, we believe that every small step counts. By adhering to this...

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### Lines of research of NeuronUP Labs

- Published: 2024-08-01
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/lines-of-research/

NeuronUP Labs Data-driven research lines at NeuronUP Labs Using a data-driven approach, we seek to uncover patterns and correlations that were previously invisible, enabling more precise and personalized interventions to improve the competencies of our professionals as well as the quality of life of patients. How to collaborate with us Data-driven stratification Intelligent session design Multimodal neuropsychological intervention with comprehensive monitoring On-session and off-session monitoring Performance patterns Predictive subgroup analysis Clustering algorithms Data-driven stratification of subtypes in neurological and mental health conditions Application of big data and machine learning techniques to identify subgroups within heterogeneous conditions, based on multimodal data patterns. Examples of Studies: On cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive performance data in NeuronUP. Predictive analysis of subgroups of chronic fatigue patients using cognitive performance patterns and physiological data. Development of clustering algorithms to differentiate subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Collaborate with this research Generative AI Intelligent sessions Performance history State of the art in generative artificial intelligence for intelligent session design Implementation of generative AI to adapt and personalize cognitive stimulation sessions, improving efficiency and user experience, and reducing practitioner time. Examples of studies: Evaluation of the effectiveness of AI-generated adaptive sessions in improving specific cognitive skills. Development of an AI-based recommendation system to optimize exercise selection based on the user's performance history. Collaborate with this research Multimodal intervention Correlational analysis Evaluation of customized interventions Multimodal neuropsychological intervention with comprehensive monitoring Integration of cognitive performance data with psychophysiological variables (such as heart rate variability and eye activity) and signals obtained...

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### Research tools

- Published: 2024-08-01
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/research-tools/

NeuronUP Labs NeuronUP Labs tools for researchers NeuronUP Labs is aware of the limitations existing in current Neuropsychology, and tries to incorporate different technologies to develop cutting-edge methodologies in assessment, education, prevention, intervention, neurology and mental health. Working with our tools Score Raw NeuronUP Regulatory NeuronUP Evolutionary NeuronUP Cohort Brain Age Tools accessible to NeuronUP customers Score Raw A normalized metric between 0 and 100 to measure cognitive performance NeuronUP Score is the metric used to measure the cognitive performance of each patient and session, at the activity level, at the cognitive domain level or at the global level. This tool is now available to all NeuronUP customers to measure the performance of their patients in a visual and comparative way across different cognitive domains. In saved and repeated intervention sessions with the same patient, NeuronUP Score allows you to visualize a progress monitoring of cognitive performance. View NeuronUP Score Compare the performance of your patients with equivalent patients NeuronUP Regulatory Determine with cohorts the "normality" of each score This tool allows us to determine precisely how much our patient's performance resembles or does not resemble that of equivalent patients. In this way we detect situations of normality and non-normality (outliers). Z-scores and standardized scores can also be determined. All this through cohorts of tens of thousands, by calculating percentiles (corrected for age, sex, and years of education), we determine the "normality" of each score. Available exclusively for researchers. Analyzes and records the trajectory of each patient over time NeuronUP...

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### Form – Research with NeuronUP Labs

- Published: 2024-08-01
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/collaborate/

Research with NeuronUP Labs Collaborate with NeuronUP for Your Research *If any of the fields are empty or incomplete, NeuronUP will not consider this collaboration request as valid. Otherwise, NeuronUP will contact you in the coming days with more information on how to proceed. Collaborate with us Access to NeuronUP Labs research tools Would you like to have access to NeuronUP Labs research tools? Send us your research proposal, our committee will evaluate your project and, once validated, we will provide you with the most innovative tools to develop your research.

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### Research Home

- Published: 2024-08-01
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/

Research in Brain and Cognition by NeuronUP Labs The research conducted at NeuronUP Labs combines clinical, scientific, and technological expertise to address the growing need to work with data in neuropsychology. NeuronUP offers advanced tools for cognitive assessment and training, complemented by specialized knowledge in neuroscience and medicine. These tools provide a comprehensive solution for conducting research in the field of neuropsychology. How to Collaborate with Us Open Research Alzheimer Parkinson Transcranial Stimulation Centers that research with us Clinical Tools for Researchers We are aware of the existing limitations in current neuropsychology. That is why we have created technologies for you to develop cutting-edge methodologies in evaluation, education, prevention, intervention, neurology, and mental health. Discover them. See Tools Validation and Published Scientific Research Discover the main research conducted with NeuronUP and the technological innovations that have already been implemented with the platform in fields such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and the use of dual tasks. See Research Innovative lines of research At NeuronUP Labs we are interested in lines of research that increase technological innovation at NeuronUP, providing a solid foundation for scientific advancement in the field of cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation. See Research Lines NeuronUP was founded in 2012, based on scientific evidence in cognition and neuropsychology Read the theoretical framework Latest research articles

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### Papers

- Published: 2024-07-09
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/papers/

NeuronUP Labs List of research with NeuronUP At NeuronUP Labs we are interested in lines of research that increase technological innovation at NeuronUP, providing a solid foundation for scientific advancement in the field of cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation. Research with NeuronUP ADHD Alzheimer Neurofeedback Cognitive impairment Cognitive stimulation COVID-19 Transcranial stimulation Multiple sclerosis Parkinson Published research articles The NeuronUP platform as a research tool is present in different projects. Sant Joan de Déu Terres de Lleida, Hospital of Lleida ADHD RCT. Combining mindfulness and cognitive training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: study protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial (the NeuroMind study). Tania Badia-Aguarón, Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer, Vanessa Pera-Guardiola, Pere Vergés-Balasch, Ausiàs Cebolla, Juan V. Luciano, Joaquim Soler, Albert Feliu-Soler Anna Huguet Miguel The NeuroMind study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of three interventions for ADHD: Mindfulness for Health (M4H), Cognitive Training (CT) with the NeuronUP platform and a combination of both (MCT). A 5-month randomized clinical trial will be conducted with 120 children with ADHD to analyze the effects of these interventions compared to treatment as usual, evaluating psychological and clinical variables. If the effectiveness of MCT is demonstrated, it could be applied in clinical practice after definitive validation. View paper Barcelona βeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) and the Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM). Alzheimer Intensive assessment of executive functions derived from performance in cognitive training games. Natalia Soldevila-Domenech, Ilario De Toma, Laura Forcano, Patrícia Diaz-Pellicer, Aida Cuenca-Royo, Beatriz Fagundo, Thais Lorenzo, Maria Gomis-Gonzalez, Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides, Karine Fauria, Carolina Sastre, Íñigo Fernandez De Piérola, José Luis Molinuevo, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Rafael de la Torre PENSA Study Group Traditional neuropsychological tests describe current cognitive state,...

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### Job offers

- Published: 2024-02-08
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/job-offers/

BEST JOB OFFERS FOR NEUROREHABILITATION PROFESSIONALS Job offers for speech language pathologists School Speech and Language Therapist in Nutrix Medical - Stamford. Read more Description The School Speech and Language Therapist is responsible for assessing and treating communication disorders among students, facilitating their ability to communicate effectively within the educational setting. This role involves working collaboratively with students, teachers, parents, and other professionals to support language development and academic success. Requirements Master's degree in Speech-Language Pathology or Communication Sciences and Disorders. State licensure or certification as a speech-language pathologist. Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP) preferred. Previous experience working with school-aged children with speech and language disorders. Strong interpersonal and communication skills. Ability to collaborate effectively with students, parents, teachers, and other professionals. Knowledge of assessment tools, intervention strategies, and best practices in speech and language therapy. Salary Salary: £30 - 36/hour View offer Paediatric Specialist Speech and Language Therapist in Bolton. Read more Description You will work as an autonomous practitioner as part of the Paediatric Speech and Language Therapy service, delivering a service to children and young people with a wide range of speech, language and communication needs. Assessing, differentially diagnosing and treating a specified caseload of children with speech, language and communication impairments some of whom will be from a variety of ethnic and social backgrounds. This may include working with interpreters to assess all languages which children are exposed to. Working as part of a multidisciplinary team providing advice for the EHCP review process... .

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### NeuronUP Score

- Published: 2024-01-16
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/product/neuronup-score/

Do you want to measure the progress of your patients with evolution graphs? Would you like to compare your patients' data with their past results? Are you interested in displaying intervention data to your patients and their relatives? In this article, we explain how to achieve this thanks to NeuronUP Score. What is NeuronUP Score? NeuronUP Score is the score used to measure the patients' progress in NeuronUP, offering the possibility to compare it with their previous scores. In addition, in the future, it will allow comparison with the scores of similar patients. Types of Score In NeuronUP you can find 4 different types of score. Two are related to the patient and two to the activity. 1. General Score The general score is the average of the scores obtained by the patient in the selected time span. You can view the evolution of the overall score in the line graph of the NeuronUP Score screen. Overall score of the NeuronUP evolution graph. 2. Current Score The current score is the average of the scores obtained in the last three months. It is the frame of reference to know the current situation of the patient. Current score of the NeuronUP evolution graph. 3. Score of a cognitive function The score of a cognitive function is the average of the scores obtained in that cognitive function in the selected time span. You can view the evolution of the cognitive function score on the line graph of the NeuronUP Score screen. Comparative...

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### What can we do to keep you as our customer?

- Published: 2024-01-14
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/what-can-we-do-to-keep-you-as-our-customer/

What can we do to keep you as our customer?

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### Cookies

- Published: 2024-01-11
- Modified: 2024-12-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/privacy-policy/cookies/

Device: localStorage NamePurposeDescriptionPropertyDurationactivity_digital_filterPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_digital_calendar_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_digital_prototype_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_digital_tabPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_digital_schedule_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentprogram_digital_prototype_ownerPreferencesRecordar preferencias de usuario:Recuerda filtros usados por el usuario para mejorar la experiencia durante la navegación. Ownpermanentprogram_digital_calendar_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentactivity_paper_filterPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_paper_tabPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_paper_schedule_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_paper_prototype_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentsession_paper_calendar_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentprogram_paper_calendar_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentprogram_paper_prototype_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentresult_digital_tabPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentresult_digital_program_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentresult_digital_session_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve the experience during navigation. Ownpermanentresult_paper_tabPreferencesRecordar preferencias de usuario:Recuerda filtros usados por el usuario para mejorar la experiencia durante la navegación. Ownpermanentresult_paper_program_ownerPreferencesRemember user preferences:Remember filters used by the user to improve...

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### Information Request

- Published: 2023-12-20
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/information-request-trial/

Information Request

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### Congress

- Published: 2023-09-19
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/congress/

Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or motivate and improve the performance of your patients? With NeuronUP, all this is possible. NeuronUP is the leading neurorehabilitation platform for professionals that allows you to create an intensive and personalized intervention. Try NeuronUP for Free. No strings attached. Try NeuronUP for Free Meet with a NeuronUP team member Find everything you need for your intervention in one place Thousands of exercises Find all the cognitive stimulation materials you need without wasting a single minute of your time. Try NeuronUP for Free Remote sessions Offer added value and expand the reach of your business by working with patients from all over the world without them leaving their homes. Try NeuronUP for Free Results Get a complete overview of each patient. Consult their evolution in real time. Try NeuronUP for Free Unlimited patients We do not charge you more for your patients. You can create as many patient profiles as you need at no extra cost. Try NeuronUP for Free The latest technology in neurorehabilitation at the service of the professional "I think NeuronUP is a platform that every psychologist and neuropsychologist should have. NeuronUP provides the necessary material to work on cognitive stimulation in a comfortable and simple way, both in person and remotely. " Center "Therapies in Psychology" Gloria Cano, neuropsychologist Trusted by 2,000+ companies More than 4,500 professionals work with NeuronUP Do you want to be next? Get Started...

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### ASD

- Published: 2023-09-14
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/

The way in which these disorders manifest themselves varies greatly from one child to another, hence the term "spectrum" or "continuum of disorders", meaning that there are different ways in which the symptoms of this type of disorder appear and that the severity of these symptoms varies from case to case. The clinical picture is neither uniform nor absolutely demarcated, and its presentation ranges on a spectrum from more to less severe, varies over time, and is influenced by factors such as the degree of associated intellectual ability or access to specialized supports. Individuals with ASD process information in their brains differently than others and develop at a different rate in each area. They are characterized by the presentation of clinically significant and persistent difficulties in social communication (marked difficulty in nonverbal and verbal communication used in interaction, absence of social reciprocity, and difficulties in developing and maintaining developmentally appropriate peer relationships), stereotyped motor or verbal behaviors, unusual sensory behaviors, excessive adherence to ritualistic routines and behavior patterns, and restricted interests. The following criteria are proposed for the current diagnosis: A. Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction in multiple contexts, manifested currently or in the past as follows: 1. deficits in social-emotional reciprocity. 2. Deficits in nonverbal communication behaviors used for social interactions. 3. Deficits in the development, establishment and understanding of relationships. *Severity must be specified. B. Restricted and repetitive repertoire of behaviors, interests, or activities, manifesting at least two of the following criteria currently or in the...

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### Huntington’s Disease

- Published: 2023-09-14
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/huntingtons-disease/

Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4. The Huntington's disease gene is dominant, so that a single copy of the abnormal gene, inherited from one parent, is sufficient to cause the disease. Therefore, the children of a Huntington's disease patient have a 50% chance of developing Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is caused by the gradual degeneration of parts of the basal ganglia, primarily affecting the cells of the caudate nucleus and putamen, which are directly related to movement. Behavioral changes are usually the first symptoms, and include antisocial behavior, irritability, moodiness, restlessness or impatience among others. Motor disorders such as facial grimacing, rapid and sudden jerky movements of the arms, legs, face and other body parts, slow and uncontrollable movements or unsteady gait are also present. The main cognitive deficits are related to memory and learning ability, reasoning and problem solving, organization, planning, sequencing and flexibility. There is currently no cure. There are medications that can help control some symptoms, such as chorea or depression and anxiety, but they cannot slow or stop the disease. References: MSD Manuals (2020). Huntington's disease. MSD manual version for professionals.

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### Parkinson’s Disease

- Published: 2023-09-12
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons-disease/

It is classified as a movement disorder, although it also usually presents cognitive symptoms. Parkinson's is due to the gradual death of neurons in a part of the brain called substantia nigra and more specifically, in a portion of this nucleus called the compact part. This causes a decrease in the synthesis of dopamine, which causes a dysfunction in the regulation of the main brain structures involved in the control of movement. Its main symptoms are: Generalized clumsiness with slowness in performing movements. Scarcity of spontaneous motility. Resting tremor. Muscle stiffness. Alteration of rebalancing reflexes (resulting in falls). Exaggerated production of saliva or sialorrhea. Hypotonia or loss of muscle mass. Alteration of fine motor skills. Speech disorders. Apart from motor symptoms, emotional symptoms such as anxiety, depression and apathy are frequently associated with the onset of cognitive impairment, with memory, attention or processing speed being affected, among other functions. Sleep disorders, constipation, dermatitis, sexual dysfunction, etc. may also appear. There is currently no drug that cures Parkinson's disease, but there are various medications to improve the symptoms and, thus, the person's quality of life. To achieve this, these treatments increase and/or replace the dopamine content in the brain. On occasions when motor symptoms do not improve with medication, deep brain stimulation may be used. References: Get to know the disease (2020, March 9). Spanish Parkinson's Federation.

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### Analyze the results of your patients in real time with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-09-06
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/analyze-the-results-of-your-patients-in-real-time-with-neuronup/

Are you looking for the fastest and most efficient way to analyze and track the results of your patients? NeuronUP allows you to monitor your patients' results in real time. What are NeuronUP results? NeuronUP results reflect the performance of the patient on the platform. Every time one of your patients performs a NeuronUP activity or session the results are automatically saved in their profile. Indicators NeuronUP has six indicators to show the professional how the patient has performed the exercise: Exercise passed: These are the exercises that the patient has completed perfectly, without a single error. It is visually shown in green color. Acceptable exercise: these are the exercises that the patient has completed with some error. It is visually shown in orange color. Unsuccessful exercise: these are the exercises that the patient has failed to complete. It is visually shown in red. Incomplete exercise: these are the exercises that are unfinished. It is visually shown in gray color. Has moved up phase: indicates when the patient has moved up phase. This indicator appears only in the games. It is visually shown with a green up arrow. Downphased: indicates when the patient has downphased. This indicator appears only in games. It is visually displayed with a red up arrow. Example of a patient's results In the example of the following image, we see how the patient started by failing the first exercise and then passed the next five exercises of phase 1 of the Home Delivery activity. After passing...

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### Use Case – Mental illness

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/use-case-mental-illness/

Use Cases Mental Illness It works on cognitive impairment linked to mental health disorders with activities that work on reasoning, behavior, the ability to recognize reality, emotions, mood, thinking or relationships with others. Learn more In which profiles can we apply it? Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Some activities forpeople with mental illness Organizethe Bookcase In this game the patient must place the objects on the shelf according to a model placed on a mirror. In this way, sustained and selective attention, hemineglect, spatial relationship and processing speed are trained. Organized in twelve levels of difficulty. The patient advances or moves back in levels depending on his successes and errors. Making Words The patient works on working memory, hemineglect and vocabulary by using the different letters or syllables to form words. Game organized in stages. The patient moves up or down a level depending on his successes and mistakes. Organizinga Timetable In this worksheet the patient must organize different tasks in an agenda according to the time available, thus working on his or her time estimation and planning skills. Four levels of difficulty. Available in digital or paper format. Support your intervention with data Daily tracking of each patient Access evolution graphs that are updated at the end of each exercise and evaluate the evolution of your patients for a specific activity or at a global level, from the beginning of their treatment to date. On what basisdo we develop our exercises? We identify the constructs, operations and functions (Burgess et al. , 2006) involved...

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### NeuronUP User Manuals

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-user-manuals/

NeuronUP User Manuals NeuronUP user manual Download this complete manual for free to learn how to get the most out of NeuronUP. Learn how to: Customize activities. Create and use a patient profile. Work with sessions and programs. Work remotely. Work in groups. Work with several patients simultaneously. Download NeuronUP user manual Manual to customize activities This guide to customize NeuronUP generators and games will help you increase your patients' motivation. Download manual to customize activities Manual to create and use a patient profile In this document we explain how to create patients and how to carry out a personalized follow-up of each one of them. Download guide to use a patient profile Manual to work with sessions Download this free NeuronUP PDF to learn how to plan your work in a few minutes. Download manual to work with sessions Manual to work with programs Download the free guide to learn how to work with programs, which will allow you to plan your work several months in advance. Download manual to work with programs NeuronUP2GO manual,NeuronUP home sessions At NeuronUP we would like to give you some instructions in this guide about the steps you should follow to work remotely with your patients through NeuronUP2GO, NeuronUP's home sessions. Download NeuronUP2GO manual Group work manual This document explains how to work in groups so patients can work together to solve different activities. Download group work guide Manual to work with several patients simultaneously This PDF explains step-by-step how to work with...

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### Plan your work months in advance with NeuronUP programs

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/plan-your-work-months-in-advance-with-neuronup-programs/

Would you like to plan your work months in advance in just a few minutes? Take a look at how to achieve this with NeuronUP's programs. What is a NeuronUP program? A program is a set of sessions. Programs allow you to plan your work months in advance automatically and in just a few minutes. Long-term planning allows you to be better organized for a scheduled intervention with your patients. Below, we help you discover how to take advantage of schedules. Advantages of working with NeuronUP programs 1. Plan your long-term work automatically NeuronUP programs allow you to plan your long-term work automatically and in just a few minutes. 2. Save time Save time when organizing your intervention. 3. The platform automatically adjusts the level to the progress of each patient You can assign your programs to several patients at the same time and NeuronUP automatically adjusts the level to the progress of each patient. 4. Automatically record the results of your patients Each time one of your patients performs a session that belongs to a NeuronUP program, the results are automatically saved in their profile. This functionality allows you to redefine the therapy according to the progress of each patient, promoting a continuous and guided improvement. How to plan your work with NeuronUP programs? Here, we explain step by step how to work with NeuronUP programs to plan your work: 1. Select "Digital Programs" To start, click on "Programs"and then on "Digital programs" on the left side of the...

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### Work with NeuronUP sessions to save time

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/work-with-neuronup-sessions-to-save-time/

Time with your patients is limited, so why waste it searching, creating and gathering materials, and why not invest it directly in the intervention with your patients? Work with NeuronUP sessions to save time and improve your organization. What is a NeuronUP session? A session is a set of activities. The creation of sessions allows you toplan your work in a few minutes and design a customized intervention. Below, we help you discover how to make the most of sessions. Advantages of working with NeuronUP sessions Save time when planning your work. Design a customized intervention. Work with several patients at the same time in one session and each one at his or her own pace! Work in groups, so that the patients can work together to solve the activities. Enhance the work done in your center with sessions at home. The results of your patients are automatically recorded. 1. Save time NeuronUP sessions allow you to design in just a few minutes a flexible intervention with hundreds of activities that adjust to the needs of each patient. 2. Work with several patients at the same time. Did you know that with NeuronUP you can have your patients working on different devices at the same time in the same session? This feature will allow you to save time and, in addition, you will not have to worry about regulating the level of each of these users, the platform regulates the activities of the session to the level of each user! ...

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### NeuronUP Help Center

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/help-center/

NeuronUP Help Center Benefit from the manuals and videos we have created to help you get the most out of the platform. NeuronUP User Manuals In this section you will find manuals to learn how to get the most out of NeuronUP. Access manuals Training video tutorials On this page you will find video tutorials in which we explain visually how NeuronUP works. Access video tutorials Si tienes alguna duda sobre el manejo de NeuronUP, escríbenos por el chat y te ayudaremos lo antes posible. If you have any questions regarding the use of NeuronUP, please contact us via chat and we will help you ASAP. Open Chat Questions about how NeuronUP works If you are a NeuronUP customer or you are testing the platform and you have any questions about its usage, please contact us.

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### How to use NeuronUP? Sign up for NeuronUP free online training

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/how-to-use-neuronup-sign-up-for-neuronup-free-online-training/

Upcoming NeuronUP trainings for customers or individuals with free trial Wednesday, June 28th United States: 10 a. m. Australia: United Kingdom: Sign up United States: 5 p. m. Australia: United Kingdom: Sign up Learn how to use the leading neurorehabilitation platform for professionals The NeuronUP online training will be given by our Customer Service Manager, Brian Iverson, and it will be a very entertaining webinar, where we will show you how with our platform you will be able to design an intervention adapted and customized to the needs of each of your patients. We will cover five key sections: activities, patients, sessions, programs and results. And, of course, we will solve all your doubts. It will be a key online training if you want to know how NeuronUP works and learn how to get the most out of the platform. Don't miss it! Sign up at any of the following times and you will receive a confirmation email with a link to join the training. It will last 45 minutes. Training Program Introduction to NeuronUP. Patient creation. NeuronUP activities. Session planning. Intervention program planning. Results analysis. Extra resources. Questions. NeuronUP online training objectives Professionals will learn how to use the platform for clinical intervention. Remember that during the training you will be able to ask your questions about the functioning of the rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation platform or leave us your comments. Who is the NeuronUP online training aimed at? This training is aimed at NeuronUP customers or people with a free trial...

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### Types of NeuronUP activities: generators, games and worksheets

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/types-of-neuronup-activities-generators-games-and-worksheets/

NeuronUP has hundreds of cognitive stimulation exercises. All of them are divided into three types of activities: generators, games and worksheets. But do you know the difference between the different types of NeuronUP activities? Understanding the difference between tokens, generators and games will allow you to choose the most appropriate activity depending on what you want to work on with your patients at any given moment. Types of NeuronUP activities Below, we explain in detail the difference between the three types of NeuronUP activities. Generators Games Worksheets 1. Generators What are generators? Generators are unlimited and environmentally friendly activities. They prevent the patient from memorizing the exercise and get him to focus on the process by creating infinite versions of the same activity, which can be executed on digital or paper. In addition, they are highly customizable to facilitate the introduction of meaningful stimuli. Ways of working The generators can be operated in three ways: Correction: the platform corrects the patient after each action. Free: the platform does not check the patient until the end of the exercise. It does not indicate whether the patient is getting it right or wrong during the activity. Custom: allows customizing each generator to the needs and circumstances of each patient. The customized mode allows you to adapt: General aspects. They are the same for all generators. You can choose the working mode, adapt the time, warn the patient when he/she is inactive, adapt the activity instructions and add a timer. The parameters. They...

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### Customise activities with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/customise-activities-with-neuronup/

Do you find it hard to keep your patients motivated, or do you spend hours creating stimulating activities for each of them? In this article we detail the advantages of personalising activities and explain step by step how to create personalised activities with NeuronUP. What is a personalised activity? A personalised activity is an activity that is modified to adapt it to the needs, cognitive level and preferences of each patient to facilitate the introduction of meaningful stimuli. Which NeuronUP activities can be customised? Both NeuronUP generators and games can be customised. If you don't know the difference between these types of activities, we recommend you take a look at this article. Advantages of customising activities with NeuronUP Increase the motivation of your patients. Adapt the parameters of games and generators to the cognitive level and needs of all your patients. Involve your patients using stimuli that are familiar to them. More ecological validity, i. e. greater concordance between the improvement of the skills trained in consultation and their relationship with a better performance of day-to-day activities. Save time by defining your own catalogue of personalised activities to reuse whenever you need them. In just five minutes you can create infinite and totally personalised activities from the same exercise. How to customise a NeuronUP activity? Here's how to customise a NeuronUP game or generator: 1. Choose and open an activity (generator or game) Choose a generator from the NeuronUP homepage. Once the activity is open, select "Custom Modes" for generators or...

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### Clients

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/clients/

We have been able to verify that NeuronUP is a tool that is prepared for any area of intervention or cognitive process that we are interested in stimulating. " Vanessa Guilarte,Neuropsychologist Read Story We have found in NeuronUP a fundamental resource that helps us save time as well as having a wide range of resources and also, reaching more patient profiles. " Laura Caballero,Occupational therapist Read Story We are very satisfied with NeuronUP for the cognitive intervention of multiple sclerosis. We also use the platform in our nursing home, where people are more impaired, both physically and cognitively. " Soraya Vázquez Caro,psychologist Read more NeuronUP allows us to design customized activities for each child, in addition to scheduling sessions and saving the exercises with the names of each patient. " Laura Ruiz,Child psychologist Read Story NeuronUP gives us the possibility of keeping total control of the patient's performance in each of the activities performed. This allows us to have direct communication and a complete results report on which to rely to measure their evolution. . " Mª José Zambrana Rodríguez,Neuropsychologist Read Story

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### Use cases – Neurodevelopmental Disorders

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/use-cases-neurodevelopmental-disorders/

Use Cases Neurodevelopmental Disorders Boost the child's abilities with activities developed to compensatethe deficits linked to each disorder. Learn more In which conditions can we apply NeuronUP? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Learning Disorders Communication Disorders Some activities forchildren with neurodevelopmental disorders Stepby Step With this sequencing exercise, in which the child must divide daily activities into steps, we work on planning, comprehension and reasoning. It adapts to the needs of each intervention: Organized in different levels of difficulty. Possibility of working on the activity with texts or images. Available in digital or paper format. Packyour Backpack In this game the child must put in the backpack only the elements he/she will need for the subjects scheduled for that day, thus working on his/her planning, selective attention and education skills. Game divided into stages. The level adapts automatically depending on the successes and mistakes made. What do they Think? Activity focused on social cognition, in which the patient works on first-order false belief tasks. Digital worksheet format. 15 worksheets available. Medium level. Validate your intervention Constantly updated data Monitor the patient's progress and keep parents informed about their child's evolution with graphs focused on specific exercises or on the overall intervention, from the beginning until today. On what basisdo we develop our exercises? We identify the constructs, operations and functions (Burgess et al. , 2006) involved in human activity, in order to create exercises capable of being calibrated during the rehabilitation process. Burgess, P. W. , Alderman, N. , Forbes,...

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### Use cases – Normal Aging

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/use-cases-normal-aging/

Use Cases Normal Aging Strengthen functional autonomy in elderly patients and improve their quality of life with activities that enhance cognitive stimulation at this stage. Learn more Improvement areas Information Processing Problem Solving Speed of Response Some activities forpeople with normal aging Sorting Bugs In this activity, the patient has to organize moving insects, placing them on their corresponding side. In this way, planning capacity, selective and sustained attention, hemineglect and processing speed are stimulated. The game is organized in stages. The patient advances or moves back in levels depending on his successes and mistakes. Color Lottery Game aimed at improving episodic and working memory, in which the patient must memorize the color of the balls that go into the lottery machine and then point out which one has come out. Game divided into stages. The patient advances or moves back in levels depending on his successes and errors. In the higher levels, the patient must memorize the color of other details of the image, such as the background or the strips of the balls. Word Association This worksheet works on reasoning skills by asking the patient to match words that are related to each other. Five levels of difficulty. Available in digital or paper format. Support your intervention with data Track each patient on a daily basis Access evolution graphs that are updated at the end of each exercise and evaluate the evolution of your patients for a specific activity or at a global level, from the beginning of their treatment...

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### Use cases – Intellectual Disability

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/use-cases-intellectual-disability/

Use Cases Intellectual Disability Improve your patients' quality of life with activities developed to enhance their autonomy. Learn more In which conditions can we apply NeuronUP? Down Syndrome Brain Malformations Brain Infections Prematurity Hypothyroidism Adverse Environmental Influences Fragile X Syndrome Prader-Willi Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Tay-Sachs Disease Phenylketonuria Others Some activities forpeople with intellectual disabilities Objects,Places andProfessionals The patient works on place orientation and routines related to shopping by matching an object with the place where it could be purchased and with the professional who would be in charge of it. Organized in five levels of difficulty. Available in digital and paper format. Parts of Objects These worksheets work on the patient's visual gnosis, who has to identify the object to which the image fragment given belongs. Five levels of difficulty to meet the needs of each patient. Available in digital and paper format. Get Dressed  Activity aimed at promoting the development of decision making, body schema and planning. The patient has to dress a human figure properly with the clothes provided. It is highly customizable, being able to tailor: Level: the higher the difficulty, the fewer the instructions and the more complex the clothing. Maximum time and timer visibility. Number of clothes involved and the option to move them by dragging or clicking. Different settings and distractors. Number of aids and errors allowed. Show the effectiveness of your intervention We provide you with all the required data You will have access to each patient's progress for a specific exercise or at...

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### Use cases – Neurodegenerative Diseases

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/use-cases-neurodegenerative-diseases/

Use Cases Neurodegenerative Diseases Slow down the cognitive and functional deterioration of your patients with activities focused on cognitive stimulation. Learn more To which neurodegenerative diseases can we apply NeuronUP? Alzheimer’s Disease Parkinson’s Disease Huntington’s Disease Multiple Sclerosis Some activities to work withneurodegenerative diseases Straighten Upthe Kitchen This activity, in which the patient must place each object in its corresponding place, works on sustained attention, semantic memory, episodic memory and reasoning. It can be adapted to the patient's needs, personalizing it: Difficulty level and number or exercises. Maximum time allowed and whether or not timer is visible. Number of elements involved in each exercise. Number of aids and error limit. Select Items from a Category In these worksheets the patient selects specific elements from a group of stimuli, exercising selective attention and semantic memory. Organized in different levels of difficulty. Available in digital or paper format. Word Scramble In this activity the patient must use the letters provided to form a word, thus working their vocabulary and working memory. It allows to adjust: Level or difficulty, word length and personalization of words (e. g. , names of people known to the patient). Number of exercises. Maximum time allowed and whether or not timer is visible. Number of clues allowed. Number of errors allowed. Support your intervention with data Monitor the progress of the intervention Keep track of the results obtained with graphs that are updated at the end of each exercise, showing the patient's progress for a specific exercise or at a...

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### Use cases – Acquired Brain Injury

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/use-cases-acquired-brain-injury/

Use Cases Acquired Brain Injury Improves the patient's autonomy by helping them regain control on the processes affected by brain injury. Learn more In which profiles can we apply NeuronUP? Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Brain Tumors Cerebral Anoxia Infections Some activities for peoplewith acquired brain injury RepeatedWords The patients works on selective attention and working memory by searching and selecting all the words that appear repeatedly on the worksheet. Organized into five levels of difficulty. Available in digital or paper format. CorrectBehaviors In this activity the patient must analyze the correct way to behave in a situation represented in an image, working on social cognition from multiple perspectives (self-esteem, assertiveness, civility, constructive criticism, rights, empathy, hygiene, persuasion, social relations, routines... ). The worksheet is organized into five levels of difficulty. Available in digital or paper format. The paper format includes the option to discuss with the patient the options to be chosen. Get Dressed Activity designed to promote the development of decision making, body schema and planning. The patient must adequately dress a human figure with the clothes provided. It is highly customizable and can be adapted: Level: the higher the difficulty, the fewer indications there are and the clothing choices are more complex. Number of exercises. Maximum time chosen and whether or not the timer is shown. Number of garments displayed and option to move them by dragging or clicking. Scenarios and distractors. Number of aids and errors allowed. Monitor the progress of the intervention Automatic data...

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### About us

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/about-us/

About us From professional to professional We are a group of neuropsychology professionals who in 2012 set out to create a technological platform that would allow us to reduce the time needed to design each intervention, in addition to taking advantage of the resulting data to build better therapies in the future. Our goal: to improve the global practice of neurorehabilitation and provide reliable and useful data, both for the individual use of each professional and for the scientific community. . To this end, we bring together a technological team led by neuropsychologists who work every day to continue improving NeuronUP, with the collaboration of numerous professionals, research teams and universities. Mission To offer healthcare professionals resources that allow them to optimize the time invested in their neurorehabilitation interventions, analyze key data to assess and improve their progress, and obtain a better experience, both for themselves and for their users. Vision We want to change the way of understanding and managing neurorehabilitation through technology, using it as a value-generating vehicle that impacts the international scientific community by making possible the creation of new treatments, research and predictive models. History 2012 NeuronUP launches in English and Spanish. 2017 NeuronUP has become the leading cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation platform in the Spanish-speaking market. 2017 Launch of NeuronUP2GO, a product that enables telerehabilitation. 2017 Launch of the NeuronUP Kids program, which contains material for children. 2020 NeuronUP launches actvities and platform interface in Portuguese. 2021 NeuronUP launches actvities and platform interface in French. 2022...

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### Product

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/product/

Everything you need for your neurorehabilitation intervention Discover all the features of NeuronUP and optimize the service you offer to your patients. Request a call Free trial Activities Access a catalog of hundreds of highly customizable cognitive stimulation resources, classified by areas of intervention and by type of exercise. Generators Avoids the patient memorizing the activity and gets them to focus on the process by creating infinite versions of the same activity, which can be done in both digital and paper formats. Highly customizable to facilitate the introduction of meaningful stimuli. Games Organized in different levels of difficulty through which the patient will advance or go back automatically depending on their capabilities. They are also customizable. Worksheets Organized in up to five levels of difficulty and different categories. You can work with them in digital or paper format so that you can adapt them to the needs of your patients. If you want to know in depth the difference between NeuronUP activity types, read this article. Personalize your activities Increase your patients' motivation by adapting games and generators to their cognitive level, needs and interests. Engage your patients by using familiar stimuli. Save time by defining your own catalog of customized activities to reuse whenever you need them. Find out more about personalizing NeuronUP activities Create sessions In just a few minutes, choose the activities you need to create flexible interventions that you can work on individually or in groups. 1. Add activities Choose, edit and order the...

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### NeuronUP Score

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-score/

(PROVISIONAL DOCUMENTATION, score calculation subject to constant review and change) What is NeuronUP Score? NeuronUP Score is the system used to measure the progress of the patients using NeuronUP and also, in the future, it will allow you to compare your scores with the rest of the patients on a global scale over periods of time. Types of scores shown on the NeuronUP Score screen Overall Score The overall score is the average of the scores obtained by the patient in the selected time interval. You can see the evolution of the overall scores in the line graph of the NeuronUP Score screen. Each point on the graph reflects the weighted average of the scores of the different cognitive functions worked on that specific date and can include both activities worked in the facility and at home. In other words, it brings together the scores of the activities worked on individually, grouped in sessions or in programs during that day. The data is updated on the graph every day at 00:00 UTC. Current Score The current score is the average of the scores obtained in the last three months. It is the frame of reference to know the patient's current situation and will not be modified if the time interval for which scores will be displayed is changed. Cognitive function score The score of a cognitive function is the average of the scores obtained in that cognitive function in the selected time interval. You can see the evolution of the...

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### Telerehabilitation: cognitive rehabilitation at a distance with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/telerehabilitation-cognitive-rehabilitation-at-a-distance-with-neuronup/

Would you like to work remotely with your patients? NeuronUP allows you to create sessions at home to enhance the work done at your center, avoid interruption of therapy during vacations or illnesses and facilitate the intervention for people with travel difficulties. Take advantage of telerehabilitation and try remote cognitive rehabilitation with NeuronUP2GO! What is NeuronUP2GO? It is the NeuronUP home sessions. Advantages of telerehabilitation with NeuronUP Working remotely with your patients has many advantages both for you as a professional and for your patients. We detail them below: Advantages of telerehabilitation with NeuronUP for professionals Reinforce the activities worked on in the office. Avoids interruption of therapy when your patient is sick, working out of town or on vacation. Facilitates the intervention for people with travel difficulties. Expand the capacity of your business by managing the rehabilitation of patients located in different parts of the world. Perform a controlled and personalized remote intervention, since all the results are stored in the platform. Redefine the therapy according to the progress of each patient, promoting a continuous and scheduled improvement. Advantages of telerehabilitation with NeuronUP for your patients Continue your rehabilitation from the comfort of your own home at any time of the day. Maintain remote therapy when you are sick, working out of town or on vacation. Avoid travel, which is very important for people with mobility problems. Reinforce the activities worked on in the consultation room. Promote adherence to treatment. How is remote cognitive rehabilitation performed with NeuronUP? Here...

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### maintenance mode

- Published: 2023-09-05
- Modified: 2023-09-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/maintenance-mode/

Maintenance ModeThis site is currently under going scheduled maintenance. Please check back soon. If you want to work with NeuronUP click on the buttonLogin to NeuronUP

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### University Program

- Published: 2022-07-29
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/universities/

NeuronUP University A neurorehabilitation platform that enables university professors to apply a practical approach to cognitive stimulationand rehabilitation for their students. Position your university at the forefront of education Offer your professors and students added value, choose hands-on teaching, and focus on research and innovation in the classroom. Schedule a video call Start your free trial More than 50 universities already trust us Advantages for professors Use NeuronUP during class to teach students how to design neuropsychological intervention sessions. Comprehensive student monitoring. With NeuronUP, all of the student’s work is recorded in real time. Option to work remotely with students. Access to material created by and for neurorehabilitation professionals. Advantages for students Learning by doing. They can use NeuronUP in their practical work in hospitals, clinics, neurorehabilitation centers, etc. An opportunity to conduct a research project with the platform. Learn to use a fundamental neurorehabilitation tool for their professional careers. Obtain a NeuronUP expert certificate upon course completion. Hands-on teaching Cognitive intervention can only be fully learned by doing. With NeuronUP, you can offer your students a practical learning experience, allowing them to design real neuropsychological intervention sessions and programs during class and in their practical training. Prepare your students for the job market Students will learn to use the leading platform in cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation, and upon finishing the course, they will receive a NeuronUP expert certificate that will open doors for their professional future. “What better way to enter the job market than knowing how to use...

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### Sweepstakes Official Rules

- Published: 2022-07-12
- Modified: 2022-07-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/sweepstakes-official-rules/

FIRST - ORGANIZING ENTITY NeuronUP SL with NIF B26479725 and registered office at Calle Piqueras 31, 26006 Logroño, Spain, organizes on the dates indicated below, a sweepstakes in accordance with the terms detailed in these rules. SECOND - DEADLINE AND HOW TO ENTER I - Entrant Those professionals working in the field of cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation: neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, rehab technicians, psychologists, physical therapists, pedagogues, etc. may participate in the sweepstakes. People under 18 years of age are not eligible to enter this promotion. The employees and volunteers of the "Company X" and NeuronUP and their relatives will not be able to enter. If, in spite of this strict disposition, they participate, another person will be appointed as the winner and the selection process will be repeated. It is an essential condition to enter this sweepstakes, the acceptance of the rules of the same, will not be considered a winner who has not accepted them. II - Deadline The promotion will run from May 18, 2022 to May 25, 2022, both inclusive. III - How to enter Entrants in this sweepstakes must fill out the following form (typeform link), accept and comply with these rules and subscribe to our Newsletter (https://neuronup. us/newsletter/). If you have any questions you can write to neuronup. us@neuronup. com THIRD - OBJECT The purpose of this sweepstakes is to promote X, as well as to encourage the subscription to the NeuronUP Newsletter. FOURTH - PRIZE All entries received that comply with the terms and conditions...

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### NeuronUP2GO Packs

- Published: 2022-05-27
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup2go-packs/

Choose your discount! Quantity discounts on the purchase of home access. The more you buy, the more discount! 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% *Discounts until December 31, 2023. If you buy between 10 and 19 NeuronUP2GO, you get a 5% discount: Discount code: PACKGO5 If you buy between 20 and 29 NeuronUP2GO, you get a 10% discount: Discount code: PACKGO10 If you buy between 30 and 39 NeuronUP2GO, you get a 15% discount: Discount code: PACKGO15 If you buy between 40 and 49 NeuronUP2GO, you get a 20% discount: Discount code: PACKGO20 If you buy between 50 and 99 NeuronUP2GO, you get a 25% discount: Discount code: PACKGO25 If you buy between 100 and 500 NeuronUP2GO, you get a 30% discount: Discount code: PACKGO30 Learn how to use NeuronUP2GO In this video we will teach you how to program home sessions to reinforce your intervention. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=EoETdqVHKtg

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### School Program

- Published: 2022-04-20
- Modified: 2025-03-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-solutions/schools/

NeuronUP School Professional platform for stimulating your students’ cognitive abilities. Position your school at the forefront of education Offer added value to your teachers and students, address learning challenges among your students, and focus on cognitive stimulation in the classroom. Schedule a video call Start your free trial Schools that already trust us Why choose NeuronUP for your school? More motivated students with learning difficulties. Comprehensive student monitoring. Unlimited students. Ability to work remotely. Hundreds of customizable cognitive stimulation resources. Digital and paper-based material. Long-term planning. Multilingual. Motivate your students with learning difficulties Access a catalog of hundreds of customizable cognitive stimulation resources adaptable to your students’ needs and interests. All activities are classified by area of intervention. You can choose which cognitive function or occupational areas you want to work on with your students. You can also make a second selection based on factors such as the activity’s difficulty, student age, or language. 7 Language Activities for Children with Special Needs Download this free document featuring 7 activities divided into five different difficulty levels, developed by NeuronUP for professionals to use with children who have special needs. Download activities Comprehensive student monitoring With NeuronUP, all of the student’s work is recorded in real time and permanently. You’ll have a complete view of each student’s progress, allowing you to provide personalized follow-up and redefine sessions based on each student’s development, fostering continuous, guided improvement. Digital and paper-based material The teaching staff can combine digital format activities with paper-based exercises for...

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### Ebooks, guides, templates and much more to help you grow as a professional

- Published: 2022-01-04
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/downloads/

10 cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation worksheets Get printable exercises to work on different areas of intervention with adults and children. Developed by and for professionals. Hope you like them! Download worksheets 12 cognitive stimulation exercises to work on Alzheimer's disease This document includes 12 free printable NeuronUP exercises to work with Alzheimer's. Get exercises 5 worksheets to work on memory you can’t miss Get printable exercises to work on memory with adults and children. Developed by and for professionals. Download worksheets 25+ language worksheets for kids with special education needs Get free printable NeuronUP exercises to work on different areas of intervention with kids with special needs. Download worksheets 4 neuropsychological rehabilitation programs for cognitive rehabilitation professionals The Neurolleida center's neuropsychology team shares four cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation programs they have designed to work with patients suffering from neurological diseases, such as acquired brain injury, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Download 10 cognitive rehabilitation worksheets for people with brain injury Get free printable NeuronUP exercises to work on different areas of intervention with people with brain injury. Developed by and for professionals. Hope you like them! Download worksheets

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### Resources for NeuronUP customers

- Published: 2022-01-04
- Modified: 2024-01-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/resources/

NeuronUP presentation This document summarizes NeuronUP and shows you the value for both the professional and the patient working with the platform. We show you some of the functionalities you'll be able to work with, such as: Personalization of activities Session planning Telerehabilitation Download presentation A3 POSTERS «We work with NeuronUP! » Download one of these posters and place it in your workplace to announce that you work with NeuronUP. Download poster Download poster Personalized NeuronUP certificate Award your patients with a personalized NeuronUP certificate with their name. With this certficate you can reward the effort your patients have made with NeuronUP, because we all like to be recognized for our work! Download adult certificate NeuronUP would love to give recognition to all the children for their good work done with the platform, download it and give them their prize! Download kids certificate NeuronUP2GO – Telerehabilitation A3 POSTERS Home sessions Do you want to promote the NeuronUP remote therapy option in your clinic? We make it easy for you! We have created an infographic for you to promote the service to your patients and their families. You can print it as a flyer or as a poster up to A3 size, choose the one that best fits your client profile! Kids Adults and Kids Adults Old Adults GUIDE Send NeuronUP2GO access codes to your patients In this document you can fill in the username and password of your patient and send it to them or hand it to them so that...

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### Telerehabilitation tool with over 10,000 neurorehabilitation activities

- Published: 2021-11-08
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-neuronup2go/

<img class="aligncenter" src="https://neuronup.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/footer-logo.png" alt="neuronup logo">
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Telerehabilitation tool with over 10,000 neurorehabilitation activities
</h1> 
<p style="text-align: center;"><a class="button center-text-mobile mb-4" href="https://app.neuronup.com/public/trial/request/adults_kids_digital/monthly?utm_source=linkedin&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=Telerehabilitation%20USA">TRY NEURONUP FREE </a></p>

Advantages for professionals 1. More than 10,000 cognitive stimulation exercises with customizable content generators. 2. Session scheduler to work remotely with your patients. 3. Results analyzer. Exhaustive follow-up of the evaluation of your patients. Advantages for patients 1. Intervention adapted and personalized to the needs of each patient 2.  Motivating material with design adapted to the age of each patient. 3. Possibility to continue with the rehabilitation from your own home. More than 4,000 professionals work regularly with the platform More than 25,000 patients actively use the platform TRY NEURONUP FREE "NeuronUP gives me the opportunity to create and provide an organized, fun and consistent treatment plans for each of my client’s based on their personal skill sets. Furthermore, NeuronUP’s adaptive multi-format therapy feature has helped my practice transition from teletherapy into a clinic setting and vice versa. I can print out paper worksheets for my clients for a more physical/tactile approach to their sessions and I can send copies of those worksheets home with parents to work on at home for extra practice. Most importantly, my patients love the interactive activities that help them reach their goals and potential. I highly recommend NeuronUP. " - Jessica Garcia Get in touch! +1 305 424 8333        brian@neuronup. com

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### Newsletter

- Published: 2021-10-25
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/newsletter/

NeuronUP Newsletter Neurorehabilitation and cognitive stimulation news. Subscribe to our newsletter Do you want to stay up to date on neuorehabilitation? Don't miss our newsletter to be informed of all the latest news in the sector! Sign up for our newsletter here: Latest news Receive these and other news about cognitive stimulation and neurorehabilitation directly to your email: Are you looking for material for your cognitive stimulation interventions? Try NeuronUP for free Solutions for neurorehabilitation professionals The main objective of NeuronUP is to improve the daily life of health professionals and to achieve the maximum benefit for users through innovation, research, knowledge and the millions of data that are generated daily. Learn more about NeuronUP Neurorehabilitation and cognitive stimulation New research in different areas has provided a better understanding of brain function, as well as the brain's possibilities for recovery or modification (neuroplasticity)... Read more about neurorehabilitation Follow us on social media for more content!

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### Thank you

- Published: 2021-10-25
- Modified: 2021-12-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/thank-you/

<h1>Thanks for submitting your request!</h1>

We will review the information and get back to you in the next few days. Go to home page Read Neurorehabilitation News

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### Information Request

- Published: 2021-10-22
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/information-request/

Information Request

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### You&#8217;ll be on the cutting edge!

- Published: 2021-09-29
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/youll-be-on-the-cutting-edge/



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### FAQ

- Published: 2021-06-07
- Modified: 2025-03-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/faq/

About NeuronUP 1. How to work with NeuronUP? NeuronUP is a neurorehabilitation web platform for professionals. It has more than 10,000 cognitive stimulation activities classified by areas of intervention, patient age, language and type of activity. NeuronUP allows you to customize the activities to suit the characteristics and needs of your patients and thus increase their motivation and performance. The professional can work with these activities independently, or through sessions or programs. Sessions allow you to design an intervention in less than five minutes, with hundreds of exercises, adapted to the needs of each individual patient. It’s very simple, you just have to select the activities, assign the session to the patients you want to work with and select the date when the session is to be worked on, and that’s it! Sessions allow you to work both in person and remotely with your patients, through telerehabilitation. Never miss an appointment with a patient because of confinement due to the current health crisis, your patients’ vacations, their long working hours, long distances or their mobility problems. The ability to continue your work remotely will take away these previous mentioned limitations. Programs on the NeuronUP platform are sets of sessions that allow you to be more organized for a scheduled intervention. Long-term planning will allow you to have a better organization in order to carry out a scheduled intervention. In addition, NeuronUP has a patient manager that allows you to have all your patients’ information (their reports, medical tests, notes, agenda, activity results, etc. ) grouped and organized in a single place, always...

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### Store Start Adults and Kids

- Published: 2021-04-22
- Modified: 2024-07-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-store-start-adults-kids/

Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or motivate and improve the performance of your patients? With NeuronUP, all this is possible. NeuronUP is the leading neurorehabilitation platform for professionals that allows you to create an intensive and personalized intervention. Try NeuronUP for Free. No strings attached. Try NeuronUP for Free Meet with a NeuronUP team member Find everything you need for your intervention in one place +10,000 exercises Find all the cognitive stimulation materials you need without wasting a single minute of your time. Try NeuronUP for Free Remote sessions Offer added value and expand the reach of your business by working with patients from all over the world without them leaving their homes. Try NeuronUP for Free Results Get a complete overview of each patient. Consult their evolution in real time. Try NeuronUP for Free Unlimited patients We do not charge you more for your patients. You can create as many patient profiles as you need at no extra cost. Try NeuronUP for Free The latest technology in neurorehabilitation at the service of the professional "I think NeuronUP is a platform that every psychologist and neuropsychologist should have. NeuronUP provides the necessary material to work on cognitive stimulation in a comfortable and simple way, both in person and remotely. " Center "Therapies in Psychology" Gloria Cano, neuropsychologist Trusted by 1,500+ companies More than 3,600 professionals work with NeuronUP Do you want to be next? Get Started Now...

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### Store Start Kids

- Published: 2021-04-22
- Modified: 2024-07-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-store-start-kids/

Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or motivate and improve the performance of your patients? With NeuronUP, all this is possible. NeuronUP is the leading neurorehabilitation platform for professionals that allows you to create an intensive and personalized intervention. Try NeuronUP for Free. No strings attached. Try NeuronUP for Free Meet with a NeuronUP team member Find everything you need for your intervention in one place +10,000 exercises Find all the cognitive stimulation materials you need without wasting a single minute of your time. Try NeuronUP for Free Remote sessions Offer added value and expand the reach of your business by working with patients from all over the world without them leaving their homes. Try NeuronUP for Free Results Get a complete overview of each patient. Consult their evolution in real time. Try NeuronUP for Free Unlimited patients We do not charge you more for your patients. You can create as many patient profiles as you need at no extra cost. Try NeuronUP for Free The latest technology in neurorehabilitation at the service of the professional "I think NeuronUP is a platform that every psychologist and neuropsychologist should have. NeuronUP provides the necessary material to work on cognitive stimulation in a comfortable and simple way, both in person and remotely. " Center "Therapies in Psychology" Gloria Cano, neuropsychologist Trusted by 1,500+ companies More than 3,600 professionals work with NeuronUP Do you want to be next? Get Started Now...

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### Store User

- Published: 2021-04-22
- Modified: 2023-09-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-store-user/

Why are you interested in working with NeuronUP? To work with my patients To help a family member

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### Store Start Adults

- Published: 2021-04-21
- Modified: 2024-07-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-store-start-adults/

Get Started with NeuronUP Do you want to save time, work with your patients remotely, personalize sessions and activities or motivate and improve the performance of your patients? With NeuronUP, all this is possible. NeuronUP is the leading neurorehabilitation platform for professionals that allows you to create an intensive and personalized intervention. Try NeuronUP for Free. No strings attached. Try NeuronUP for Free Meet with a NeuronUP team member Find everything you need for your intervention in one place +10,000 exercises Find all the cognitive stimulation materials you need without wasting a single minute of your time. Try NeuronUP for Free Remote sessions Offer added value and expand the reach of your business by working with patients from all over the world without them leaving their homes. Try NeuronUP for Free Results Get a complete overview of each patient. Consult their evolution in real time. Try NeuronUP for Free Unlimited patients We do not charge you more for your patients. You can create as many patient profiles as you need at no extra cost. Try NeuronUP for Free The latest technology in neurorehabilitation at the service of the professional "I think NeuronUP is a platform that every psychologist and neuropsychologist should have. NeuronUP provides the necessary material to work on cognitive stimulation in a comfortable and simple way, both in person and remotely. " Center "Therapies in Psychology" Gloria Cano, neuropsychologist Trusted by 1,500+ companies More than 3,600 professionals work with NeuronUP Do you want to be next? Get Started Now...

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### Store Family

- Published: 2021-04-21
- Modified: 2024-01-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-store-family/

Hello, First of all, thank you for your interest in NeuronUP! NeuronUP is a cognitive stimulation platform specifically designed for professionals. If you, as an affected person or family member, would like to work with NeuronUP, please inform your therapist about our platform and we will help him or her choose the plan that best suits his or her professional needs. Download the NeuronUP presentation to share with your professional Download If you have any questions or if you don't have a therapist, contact us and we will help you. Contact

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### Store Age

- Published: 2021-04-21
- Modified: 2023-09-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/landing-store-age/

What is your patient age profile? Kids (up to 12 years old)AdultsAdults and kids

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### Home

- Published: 2021-02-24
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/

Centers at the forefront of neurorehabilitation choose NeuronUP You too can access highly customizable cognitive stimulation exercises and tools to plan and measure the results of your interventions. Even while working remotely! Request a call Free trial Praxis Orientation Executive functions Save time Plan each clinic visit in mere minutes Access hundreds of neurorehabilitation exercises classified by areas of intervention, customize them and include them in each patient's session with maximum speed and simplicity. Supporting Data Show the effectiveness of your intervention Automatically get the metrics you need to measure the evolution of each patient and objectively show the effectiveness of the interventions carried out. Personalize each intervention Motivate and involve the patient in the process Build loyalty with your patients with attractive and highly customizable exercises that adapt to their level and evolve with them to increase their motivation and involvement in the intervention. Remote Sessions Rehabilitation without limits Program telerehabilitation sessions to reinforce what was worked on during the consultation and facilitate the continuity of interventions for patients who live far away, are on vacation or have travel difficulties. Request a videocall 3,500+ professionals trust in NeuronUP Give NeuronUP a try Start free trial NeuronUP Community From professional to professional We know that together, we will go much further. For this reason, from NeuronUP Academy we organize trainings with professionals of reference in our sector and we collaborate with different specialized authors to constantly provide our blog with useful content for you. Learn more Areas of...

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### A telehealth and in-clinic Cognitive Stimulation Tool for neurorehabilitation professionals

- Published: 2021-02-22
- Modified: 2021-06-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/partner-m228632623/

<img src="https://neuronup.us/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/footer-logo.png" style="width:150px;">
<br><h1 style="text-align:center;">A telehealth and in-clinic Cognitive Stimulation Tool for neurorehabilitation professionals </h1>
<p><a class="button" href="https://link.neuronup.com/M228632623" style="margin-top:20px;">Try NeuronUP Free</a></p>

Productivity, Flexibility & Customisation Over 10,000 cognitive stimulation activities classified in more than 40 cognitive processes. Content generators allow for customised activities to be easily created. Activities can be adapted and personalized to the needs of each patient. Organisation • Organisation hierarchy of Activities / Sessions / Programmes allows for the convenience of intervention pre-design based on certain typical patient profiles. • Results analytics stores and tracks the progress of your patients, and together with the capacity to store patient data, everything is in one place. Multiple Formats • Both digital and / or paper formats • Work in clinic or at the comfort of your patients’ home through tele-health • Available in multiple languages Trustworthy • HIPAA verified • Trusted by 4,000 professionals, used by over 25,000 patients Saves time / energy / money • The above means you save time and energy • Unlimited patients / clients / students per professional subscription All in all, NeuronUP is a Cognitive Stimulation Tool aimed at increasing productivity and flexibility for neurorehabilitation professionals. Here’s what some of the professionals have to say: "NeuronUP gives me the opportunity to create and provide an organized, fun and consistent treatment plans for each of my client’s based on their personal skill sets. Furthermore, NeuronUP’s adaptive multi-format therapy feature has helped my practice transition from teletherapy into a clinic setting and vice versa. I can print out paper worksheets for my clients for a more physical/tactile approach to their sessions and I can send copies...

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### Want to be a guest author on the NeuronUP blog?

- Published: 2021-02-15
- Modified: 2023-09-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/news/want-to-be-a-guest-author-on-the-neuronup-blog/

<img  class="img-center mb-3" src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Guest-blog-on-NeuronUP.jpg" alt="Orientation">
<h1>Want to be a guest author on the NeuronUP blog?</h1>

Are you a neuropsychologist, occupational therapist, psychologist, speech therapist, rehabilitator or other specialist working in neurorehabilitation and cognitve health? If so, we'd love to have you on our blog as a guest author! How to become a guest author on the NeuronUP blog? Get in touch with us! As a guest author you should be an expert in the topic you are going to cover. Remember that we want to provide quality content for our readers. Therefore, we ask you to complete the following form to get to know you better and to tell us about the topic you would like to write about. Once we receive it, we will work with you to come up with the best approach to the article. Fill out the form to be a NeuronUP blog guest author Guidelines for writing a guest post on the NeuronUP blog Topic: you can talk about almost any topic related to neurorehabilitation. Ideally, you should address a topic in which you are a specialist. Once you contact us we can work together to determine the best approach for both parties. Content: must be 100% original articles. The content cannot be copied in whole or in part, nor can it be an article based on an existing post in another language. Article structure: Title. Introduction:  this is an introductory paragraph that summarizes what the article is about. It should have a maximum length of 4 or 5 lines. Include headings to divide the main sections. . Subtitles within the...

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### NEURONUP, S.L. PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION POLICY

- Published: 2021-01-29
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/privacy-policy/

Legal disclaimer Privacy policy Cookies policy Courtesy translation. In case of conflict between versions, the Spanish version will always prevail. LEGAL DISCLAIMER On the one hand, NeuronUP SL with TIN number B26479725, based at Calle Piqueras nº 31, 5th floor. This website belongs to NeuronUP SL with address at Calle Piqueras nº 31, 5ª Planta, Logroño (La Rioja) and with NIF B-26479725. NeuronUP is a limited liability company incorporated in La Rioja, by deed authorized in Logroño, by the Notary Mr. Julio Antonio Pernas Tobía, on February 4, 2011, with the number 175 of his protocol, registered on February 9, 2011 in the Commercial Register of La Rioja, Volume 726, Folio 218, Section 8ª, Sheet number LO-14. 320, 1st inscription. NeuronUP is an internet service provider that has developed a professional management software application consisting of a platform with web access to facilitate the rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation of people with acquired brain damage, dementia, intellectual disability, mental illness, etc. , being NeuronUP the owner of the exploitation rights on the application. For any questions or contact with us you can communicate through neuronup. us@neuronup. com. CONDITIONS OF ACCESS TO THE WEBSITE AND USE OF THE SERVICES OFFERED 1. - PURPOSE OF THE CONDITIONS The following General Conditions regulate the use and access to www. neuronup. com, to blog. neuronup. com, www. neuronup. com. br, www. neuronup. us and www. neuronup. fr (hereinafter "web environments", "the web", "the webs" or "the web and the blog", indistinctly). NeuronUP suggests that you read the Conditions of these web environments, which describe the terms and conditions that will be...

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### Help Center NeuronUP FAQs Troubleshooting

- Published: 2021-01-22
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/help-center-neuronup-faqs-troubleshooting/

Training videos Learn how to work with NeuronUP! How to work with NeuronUP Complete walk-through of the NeuronUP platform (35 mins) Activities Open and work with a digital worksheet Open and download one or various printable NeuronUP worksheets Open, personalize and work with digital generators Open, personalize and print generators to paper Open, personalize and work with NeuronUP games Filter by patient Filter activities by areas of intervention, type and age Work with NeuronUP in different languages Sessions Create a session Use session templates Assign a session Begin a session Add personalized exercises to a session Edit a session Duplicate a session Delete a session Programs Create a program Assign a program Begin a session Edit a program Change the date of a session within a program Duplicate a program Delete a program Patients Create a new patient Edit an existing patient Filter by patient Delete a patient Work with multiple patients at the same time Professionals Edit professional profile Change professional password Select patients working with specific professional Receive NeuronUP newsletters Activity, Session & Program Results Digital Results NeuronUP2GO Home sessions Complete NeuronUP2GO (home sessions) process – assign session, give patient access, create patient credentials Assign created session or program to be done at patient’s home Create patient login for NeuronUP home sessions/programs Buy months of NeuronUP2GO access Give NeuronUP2GO access to patients Patient home access to NeuronUP2GO session Administration Log into NeuronUP Reset password Edit facility/clinic profile in NeuronUP Creating patients by code instead of name Edit information...

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### Stroke

- Published: 2021-01-15
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/

1. ISCHEMIC STROKE: a restriction or interruption of blood supply to brain tissues. It may be caused by: Thrombosis a blood clot forms inside the wall of a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood. Embolism: a blood clot, air bubble, fat globule or any other material travels through the bloodstream, becomes lodged, and obstructs a blood vessel. Arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arteries. Vasculitis: inflammation of the blood vessels. 2. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE: a rupturing of a blood vessel, causing bleeding into the surrounding brain. Risk factors for stroke include age, family history, ethnic background, and gender. But there are other factors that raise the risk of having a stroke. These factors include: Health conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and high blood cholesterol. Consumption of toxic substances such as tobacco, alcohol, or drugs. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as a sedentary lifestyle. A stroke usually happens suddenly, causing brain damage within a few minutes, although less frequently, patients may worsen with the passage of hours or even days. Some stroke prevention strategies recommended by the Sociedad Española de Neurología (Spanish Society of Neurology) involve healthy habits such as following a nutrient-rich healthy, exercising regularly, quitting tobacco use, drinking alcohol in moderation, and controlling high blood pressure regularly. Articles about how to work with stroke users

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### ADHD

- Published: 2021-01-15
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/

Due to the complexity of this disorder, ADHD cannot be attributed to a single cause but probably results from a combination of different factors. However, research has identified that the primary causes of ADHD are genetic (76% heritability) and environmental (traumatic brain injury experienced in childhood, central nervous system infections, prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy or fetal exposure to toxic substances during pregnancy). This disorder is characterized by the core symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. There are subtypes of ADHD based on the predominant symptom (attention deficit or hyperactivity-impulsivity) or on whether the symptoms appear combined. The main signs of each category are: Inattention: - Fails to pay attention to details and makes careless mistakes- Has problems sustaining attention in tasks or fun activities- Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly- Has difficulty following through on instructions and fails to finish tasks- Has trouble organizing tasks and activities- Avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort- Is forgetful in daily activities Hyperactivity: - Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat- Leaves seat in situations in which remaining seated is expected- Has excess energy- Runs about or climbs excessively in situations where it is inappropriate (in adults, feelings of restlessness)- Has trouble playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly- Talks excessively Impulsivity: - Blurts out answers before questions have been completed- Has difficulty awaiting turn- Interrupts or intrudes on others For the diagnosis of ADHD, the aforementioned symptoms must have been present prior to...

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### Alzheimer’s Disease

- Published: 2021-01-14
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers-disease/

This type of dementia usually starts slowly, first affecting the parts of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and language. Over time, these symptoms worsen up to the point of patients failing to recognize closest relatives and experiencing problems in basic activities of daily living such as dressing or grooming. In addition to the distinctive memory problems, Alzheimer patients develop other symptoms such as changes in reasoning skills, aphasia, apraxia, deficits in visuospatial abilities, and changes in mood and personality. The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex, as well as neuronal and synaptic loss. The criteria for the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer’s disease include the following: Dementia established by clinical examination and documented by neuropsychological tests Deficits in two or more areas of cognition Progressive worsening of memory and other cognitive functions No disturbance of consciousness Onset between ages 40 and 90 Absence of systemic disorders or other brain diseases that in and of themselves could account for the progressive deficits in memory and cognition Prognostic factors in Alzheimer’s disease are: Visuospatial deficits Extrapyramidal signs Psychosis, depression Initial severity of dementia, functional disability Malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, lack of physical exercise, and cardiovascular disease Finally, regarding treatment, there is currently no drug that can reverse the symptoms of this disease. However, there are medications called acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which delay the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in early to moderate stages. References: McKhann, G. , Drachman, D. , Folstein, M. , Katzman, R. , Price, D. ,...

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### Multiple Sclerosis

- Published: 2021-01-14
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/

Patients are diagnosed with MS when they have been shown to have had two separate attacks of symptoms involving at least 2 different areas of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Multiple Sclerosis usually appears in early adulthood, commonly between ages of 29 and 33, although inclusion age at onset is between 10 and 59 years. As for gender, MS is found to be more prevalent in women than men. For a long time, it was considered that clinical manifestations of this disease were exclusively neurological (motor weakness, visual disturbances, diplopia, dysarthria, ataxia, etc. ). However, over the past decades, an increasing number of studies have shown that MS can also be associated with cognitive deficits that typically affect attention, concentration, information processing speed, memory, and executive function. Going into detail about the neurological symptoms that usually manifest, apart from those previously mentioned, patients with Multiple Sclerosis may present the following: The causes of Multiple Sclerosis are still unknown, although it is believed to be caused by a virus or an antigen that triggers immunological abnormalities that cause the body to attack its own myelin, however there are also environmental factors that are involved in the development of the disease. Patients are diagnosed with MS when they have been shown to have had two separate attacks of symptoms involving at least 2 different areas of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Multiple Sclerosis usually appears in early adulthood, commonly between ages of 29 and 33, although inclusion age at onset is between 10...

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### Published and active research projects

- Published: 2020-11-27
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/research-cognitive-stimulation-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-neuronup/published-and-active-research-projects/

<img class="customer-img img-center" src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/investigacion-nup-1.jpg" alt="Research">
<h1 class="text-center">Published and active research projects</h1>


Published and active research projects “As long as the brain is a mystery, the universe will remain a mystery. ” Santiago Ramón y Cajal  Research done with the NeuronUP platform Finished projects published in magazines/congresses or pending publication The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. A pilot was conducted before moving on to collect a one-year sample. Data already collected and is being analyzed. Attached is the pilot project that was done on which they have developed their thesis. Gonzalez, Pablo & Fong, Kenneth & Brown, Ted. (2018). The Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Cognitive Functions in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study. Behavioural Neurology. 2018 1-14. 10. 1155/2018/5971385 https://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877065721000543? dgcid=author | Cognition in aging | MCI Servicio Canario de Salud. Julio Plata-Bello, *María Yaiza Pérez-Martín, Montserrat González-Platas, Víctor Fajardo-Santana, Kritsia Sinay Fumero-Revetti (2018). Neuropsychological and brain grey matter volume changes after computer-assisted cognitive treatment in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Communication presented at the European Congress of Neurology, Porto, Portugalhttps://www. emjreviews. com/neurology/abstract/neuropsychological-and-brain-grey-matter-volume-changes-after-computer-assisted-cognitive-treatment-in-patients-with-multiple-sclerosis/. This project is still being filled with participants in order to obtain more data. | Neurodegenerative disease | Multiple sclerosis Hospital de Valme. Gonzalez Prian, Macarena; Romera Tellado, Mercedes; Fernández Moreno, MC; Oltra Cucarella, Javier; Font Lloret, Laura (2019) Effect of Computerized Cognitive Training in patients with Recurrent Multiple Sclerosis. Intervention program in MS. Paper presented at the Congress of the Spanish Society of Neurology, Seville Spain. | Neurodegenerative disease | Multiple sclerosis Universidad de Burgos. Saiz Vazquez, Ollala. (2017) (Effectiveness of Two Predefined Groups With Cognitive Rehabilitation in Older Adults With the...

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### Research tools

- Published: 2020-11-27
- Modified: 2024-05-20
- URL: https://neuronup.us/research-cognitive-stimulation-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-neuronup/research-tools/

<img class="customer-img img-center" src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/outils.svg" alt="tools">
<h1 class="text-center"></h1>

Research tools Functionality of NeuronUP Research on neuropsychological rehabilitation Researchers from around the world work with NeuronUP on their research projects aimed at the study of neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive impairment. Research with NeuronUP List of research topics with NeuronUP At NeuronUP we are open to collaborate with innovative research proposals related to neuropsychological rehabilitation or cognitive impairment. The following are suggested topics grouped by profile: ACQUIRED BRAIN DAMAGE Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) Stroke (CVA) NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES Multiple sclerosis Alzheimer's Parkinson's Huntington's disease NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Dyslexia Dyscalculia Learning disorders Dysgraphia Dysphemia (Stuttering) INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY MENTAL ILLNESS PREVENTION OF COGNITIVE DETERIORATION Cognitive rehabilitation NeuronUP is a cognitive rehabilitation tool that allows for an intensive and personalized intervention, thus being a resource of great value for researchers in their studies of neurorehabilitation and cognitive deficits. It contains more than 6,000 activities based on day to day life with leveled difficulties following technical parameters, which allows the researcher to adapt the activities to the functional level of each participant. It also allows session design, taking into account the importance of personalization and the ecological validity of cognitive stimulation exercises. For this reason, it also includes participant management to save and monitor the results of the exercises. Need research ideas? If you are thinking about doing research with NeuronUP, but you are not clear about the specific project you want to start your research on, we have a few ideas to offer you. Contact us through...

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### Research in Cognitive Stimulation and Neuropsychological Rehabilitation

- Published: 2020-11-27
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/research-cognitive-stimulation-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-neuronup/

Research in Cognitive Stimulation and Neuropsychological Rehabilitation NeuronUP Labs Research is key in the field of rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation At least that is how we understand it at NeuronUP, where we are aware of the importance of investing resources and promoting research projects aimed at the study of neuropsychological rehabilitation in patients with brain damage, ADHD or mental illness; as well as promoting research aimed at early intervention to slow the process of cognitive deterioration in neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, NeuronUP actively collaborates with researchers from different universities around the world who dig deep into the study of cerebral neuroplasticity and cognitive intervention. At NeuronUP, we provide our researchers with our platform so they can access all of our cognitive stimulation exercises - more than 10,000 - as well as our research and session creation tools. About NeuronUP Research project The NeuronUP research project was created with the objective of creating and validating research studies in neuropsychological rehabilitation for people with cognitive deficits. Our mission is to invest resources and promote research projects aimed at improving day to day life for people with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's), neurodevelopmental disorders, mental illness, mental disability, mental aging, normal aging, etc. If you are interested in using the NeuronUP program in your research project, sign up here and our team will reach out to learn more about your proposal. As a researcher, you will have full access to all the functionalities of NeuronUP: activities, sessions, programs, extra resources, etc... .

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### Normal Aging

- Published: 2020-11-27
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/normal-aging/

What is brain aging? Brain aging is a process of generalized deterioration of the individual in which, due to different processes, the tissues degenerate, there is a limitation of cellular renewal and a slowing down of most of the processes. However, this degeneration is not only due to the biologically centered aging process, but this deterioration also depends on environmental factors, such as the social and family sphere, but especially on the degree of stimulation received from these areas. Life experiences have a very close relationship with deterioration, the fact of having a fragile health, a poor education, the presence of some type of pathology or a lack of motivation, among numerous other causes, can be a reason for interference in the adequate manifestation of intellectual functions. But not only are these factors related, but part of the decline attributed to age may also be due simply to a lack of cognitive stimulation. People who receive little stimulation from the environment suffer more rapidly from the decline of mental faculties than people exposed to large sensory stimulation; in other words, the more cognitive stimulation a person has, the more autonomy he or she will demonstrate. This concept is known as cognitive reserve, which is the amount of knowledge, cognitive resources and coping strategies that a person accumulates throughout their life: the richer the stimulation a person has received (education, culture, experiences, challenges... ) the more likely it is that they will have a reserve that allows them to face the changes...

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### Mental Illness

- Published: 2020-11-27
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/mental-illness/

Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, a complex personality disorder that produces distortions in thought, behavior and perception of reality. Its symptoms can be divided into two categories: Positive (entail an excess or distortion of normal functions): distortions or exaggerations of thought inferences (delusions), perception (hallucinations), language and communication (disorganized speech) and behavioral organization (grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior). Negative (reflect a diminution or loss of normal functions): restrictions on the scope and intensity of emotional expression (affective flattening), fluency and productivity of thought and speech (alogia) and the initiation of goal-directed behavior (abulia). The profile of cognitive impairment can be very diverse, but primarily it includes deficits in attention, verbal fluency, working memory and executive functions. Social cognition is also severely impaired, presenting altercations mainly in emotional perception, conflict resolution and implementation of solutions. Bipolar Disorder This is characterized by fluctuations in mood, manifesting mania at one extreme and depression at the other. Depending on the number of events and the intensity thereof, this disorder has several types. The symptoms of the manic phase are frequent distractions, little need for sleep, poor judgment, inadequate anger management, reckless behavior and lack of self-control, overblown commitment to activities, and excessive agitation or irritability. The symptoms of the depressive phase are sadness or feeling down on a daily basis, difficulty concentrating, making or remembering decisions, problems with eating, fatigue or indifference, feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness or guilt, loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities, loss of self-esteem, thoughts of suicide and death,...

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### Intellectual Disability

- Published: 2020-11-27
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/intellectual-disability/

It can be due to multiple causes (metabolic, infectious, chromosomal, etc. ) and originate at different times (before the baby is born, during delivery or due to a serious illness in childhood). Social and practical skills are affected, i. e. daily living skills needed for living, working and playing in the community: communication, social and interpersonal skills, self-care, domestic life, self-control, basic academic skills (reading, writing and basic mathematics), work, leisure, health and safety. A limitation in adaptive skills is considered to exist if there is a deficit in at least two of these areas compared to children of the same age and culture. It should be noted that intellectual disability is expressed when a person with significant limitations interacts with the environment, depending both on the person him/herself and on the barriers or obstacles presented by the environment. Depending on whether the environment is more or less facilitating, the disability will be expressed differently. Thus, an individual's intellectual disability is not a fixed entity that is impossible to change. It is modified by the individual's biological growth and development and by the availability and quality of the support he/she receives, in a constant and permanent interaction between the individual and his/her environment. Down Syndrome Within this category, special mention should be made of Down syndrome, the main cause of intellectual disability and the most common human genetic alteration. This genetic alteration causes them, in general, to learn more slowly than the rest of the population, and most have mild to moderate...

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### Neurodevelopmental Disorders

- Published: 2020-11-26
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/

It is essential to understand the development of the nervous system and its different stages in order to understand the deficits that can arise from abnormal brain development or be caused by damage at an early age. Depending upon the time when these abnormalities or damage occur (during pregnancy, the perinatal period, or infancy/childhood), the impact will vary. Some of the disorders included in this classification can be completely resolved by appropriate intervention. Others are chronic, but an adequate intervention is nevertheless essential because it is possible to alleviate to a greater or lesser extent, and in some cases possibly eliminate, the negative consequences or symptoms caused by the disorder in question. * Intellectual disability meets all the criteria to be included in this category, but we feel it merits a separate section. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) It is characterized by the presenting symptoms of inattention and /or impulsivity-hyperactivity. Subtypes appear based on whether the predominant symptom is attention deficit, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both equally. The principal manifestations of each of these areas are: Inattention: Lack of attention to detail and committing careless mistakes. Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or at play. Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli. Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. Neither follows instructions nor completes tasks. Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities. Avoids, to the furthest extent possible, tasks that require sustained mental effort. Is careless in daily activities. Hyperactivity: Cannot sit still or fidgets with hands and feet. Gets up in situations...

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### Neurodegenerative Diseases

- Published: 2020-11-20
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/

Cognitive stimulation is the appropriate intervention in these cases. While the progression of these diseases is inevitable, cognitive and functional deterioration can be slowed. Some of the most important diseases are: Multiple Sclerosis This is a demyelinating disease that damages the white matter covering the axons. For a long time it had been believed that the clinical manifestations were exclusively neurological (motor weakness, visual impairment, diplopia, dysarthria, ataxia, etc. ). However, in recent decades a growing number of studies have shown that it can also be associated with cognitive deficits that mainly affect attention, concentration, information processing speed, memory and executive functions. Read more about Multiple Sclerosis Alzheimer's Disease This is caused by progressive formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex as well as neuron and synapse loss. The dementia it causes involves the development of multiple cognitive deficits, among which are memory deterioration and impairment in at least one of the following areas: language, praxis, gnosis or executive functions. Read more about Alzheimer's Disease Parkinson's Disease Parkinson’s is due to the progressive death of neurons in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra, more specifically, a portion of this nucleus called the pars compacta. This causes a decrease in the synthesis of dopamine, which causes a dysfunction in the regulation of major brain structures involved in the control of movement. The main symptoms are slowness of movement, lack of spontaneous motility, resting tremor and rigidity. It can also cause impaired balance resulting in falls... .

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### Acquired Brain Injury

- Published: 2020-11-20
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/acquired-brain-injury/

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Clinical profile characterized by direct injury to the cranial structures, brain or meninges due to external traumatic force (contusion, penetrating injury or acceleration-deceleration forces). These may affect the brain in different ways: By direct injury. When cerebral blood flow is interrupted. Causing bleeding and bruising. Causing inflammation of the structures. Causing infection. Transformation of focal epileptogenic scars. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): CVA, also known as a stroke, deals with a clinical profile consisting of caused by pathological conditions of the blood vessels that cause damage to any area of the brain, resulting in various deficits depending on the area affected. Two types exist: ISCHEMIC STROKE: when the flow of blood to the brain tissue is decreased or interrupted. There are various causes below:- Thrombosis: formation of blood clots within the blood vessel walls which cause blockage. - Embolism: a clot, air bubble or fat, or any other formation of material that blocks a blood vessel after being transported through the bloodstream. - Arteriosclerosis: hardening of the arteries. - Vasculitis: inflammation of the blood vessels. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE: when a blood vessel ruptures causing bleeding into the surrounding areas of the brain which cannot be adequately filtered. Leia mais sobre o AVC. Read more about Stroke Brain Tumors: A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the skull. As this is a tight space, abnormal growth of tissue causes pressure on the brain affecting its proper functioning. Brain tumors are classified into two types: Benign: cells similar to normal cells which...

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### Visuospatial Skills

- Published: 2020-11-12
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/visuospatial-skills/

There are two important concepts relating to visuospatial skills: • Spatial relations: the ability to represent and mentally manipulate two-dimensional objects. • Spatial visualization: the ability to represent and mentally manipulate three-dimensional objects. Why are visuospatial skills important? Visuospatial skills are very useful in everyday life. Thanks to them, we can estimate the distance between two objects, which can be helpful, for instance, when parking a car to monitor the space between the car and the surrounding obstacles. We also use visuospatial skills when imagining a place or address that someone mentions, or when we mentally rotate objects in order to visualize what they would look like before actually doing it. NeuronUP activities for the rehabilitation of visuospatial skills Two examples of activities for improving spatial relations. First activity consists of estimating the exact moment in which an object (the ball) passes a specific point. Second shows a spatial visualization task. This task consists of visualizing what a series of cubes would look like if some of them were moved. Read our articles about visuospatial skills

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### Language

- Published: 2020-11-12
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/language/

Language refers to the production of spoken or written signs that symbolize objects, ideas, etc. in accordance with a linguistic community’s own convention. Lecours et al. (1979) Within language there are various functions which can be disrupted: • Expression: the ability to formulate ideas in a coherent, grammatically correct manner. • Comprehension: the ability to understand the meaning of words and ideas. • Vocabulary: lexical knowledge. • Naming: the ability to name objects, persons, activities or actions. • Fluency: the ability to produce linguistic content in a rapid and effective manner. • Discrimination:the ability to recognize, distinguish, and interpret language-related content. • Repetition: the ability to produce the same sounds that are heard. • Writing: the ability to transform ideas into symbols, characters, and images. • Reading: the ability to interpret symbols, characters, and images and to transform them into speech. Aphasia is a general term relating to total or partial loss of language function, but there are many types of aphasia depending on specific deficits. Some language disorders affecting production are mutism, anomia, and agrammatism. But if comprehension is affected, we can speak of disorders like verbal deafness or, if the person has writing impairments, we can speak of agraphia. These are just some examples but there is a wide range of language disorders since language is a very complex function. Why is language important? Humans are by nature social animals and use language in its many forms (oral or written) to communicate. Therefore, and since we are right now immersed in the information society, language problems...

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### Social Cognition

- Published: 2020-11-12
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/social-cognition/

This means that social cognition refers to our thoughts about the social relationships we have throughout our life. As we build social relationships, we store information in our brain about these experiences. The interpretation of such information will determine our social behavior in the future. Why is social cognition important? Thanks to social cognition we are capable of interpreting other people’s emotions, of thinking about the cause of their joy or sadness, of placing ourselves in their shoes in a certain situation in order to know what are they thinking or how will they react if we do or say something specific. NeuronUP activities for the rehabilitation of social cognition At NeuronUP, the following two activities are very useful for training social cognition. The first activity (see left image) involves determining which reaction is the correct one for the given situation. The second activity (see right image) involves identifying the emotions shown in the images. Read our articles about social cognition

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### Praxis

- Published: 2020-11-12
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/praxis/

Different types of praxis include: • Ideomotor praxis: the ability to perform intentional movements or simple gestures. • Ideational praxis: the ability to manipulate objects/tools in a sequence of motor actions involving knowledge of object function, knowledge of action, and knowledge of serial order. • Facial praxis: the ability to perform intentional movements or gestures with different parts of the face: lips, eyes, tongue, eyebrows, cheeks, etc. • Visuoconstructive praxis: the ability to plan and execute the movements necessary to organize a series of elements in space to draw or copy a figure. Why is praxis important? As explained above, praxis is the ability to execute movement. When we walk, get dressed, or perform any motor activity, we use this ability; the inability to perform these actions is called apraxia. Praxis also involves knowledge of objects and tools as they relate to their functions, as well as knowledge of the actions to be carried out to manipulate an object or to perform a task. Praxis is therefore a crucial part in our daily life because any action involves this ability. This ability is required in order to carry out simple yet important activities such as smiling or talking, tasks that apraxic individuals are unable to perform. NeuronUP activities for the rehabilitation of praxis At NeuronUP, we have designed basic activities to rehabilitate praxis: for visuoconstructive praxis, there is copying a series of figures; for ideomotor praxis, there is pantomiming/demonstrating tool use, either on command or by imitation, to adjust task...

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### Memory

- Published: 2020-11-12
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/memory/

Memory is divided into two main types: • Explicit or declarative memory: involves the storage of information that is recalled consciously. This type of memory can be further subdivided into episodic memory (our memory of facts and events, past personal experiences in the context of both time and space) and semantic memory (knowledge about the meaning of words and objects, as well as general knowledge). • Implicit or procedural memory: refers to certain actions or a sequence of actions that have been learned, most of which are automatically retrieved without any conscious thought (procedural knowledge is often difficult to verbalize). “Memory is the diary we all carry about with us” (Oscar Wilde) Why is memory important? Memory is the storage of information and personal experiences. Thanks to it we can recall with whom we were yesterday, where have we been on holiday, conversations we have had in the past, our academic knowledge, professional experience, etc. Thanks to memory we are who we are, we learn and change according to the relationships we have and the needs of our environment. Disorders like Alzheimer’s–in which memory fades away gradually–therefore destroy little by little the essence of the person. NeuronUP activities for the rehabilitation of memory At NeuronUP, we have different activities to improve memory, for example, for disorders like Alzheimer’s. For episodic memory, one activity is “Animal Pairs”, which consists of finding the matching pairs among the face-down cards. The person flips a pair of cards and if they do not match,...

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### Executive Functions

- Published: 2020-11-12
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/

Executive functioning involves abilities and processes vital for daily life such as: • Working memory: a limited capacity system that allows the temporary storage and processing of information. It is a workspace in which specific information is available for its manipulation and transformation during a limited period of time. • Planning: the ability to set goals, develop action plans to achieve those goals, and to choose the most appropriate actions based on the anticipation of consequences. • Reasoning: the ability to consciously solve problems of all kinds by establishing causal relationships between them. • Flexibility: the ability to adjust behavior to changing environmental circumstances. • Inhibition: the ability to ignore impulses or irrelevant information–both internal and external–when performing a task. • Decision making: the ability to select between possible alternatives, after weighing the outcomes and consequences of all available options. • Time estimation: the ability to estimate the passage of time and duration of a task or event. • Dual-task: the ability to perform two different-modality tasks simultaneously while directing constant attention to both. • Branching (Multitasking): the ability to organize and effectively perform multiple concurrent tasks by combining them, while keeping in mind the goal of each task. Why are executive functions important? In our daily life we need executive functioning to navigate our environment and to achieve our goals. For example, executive functions are crucial to planning the day when we wake up in the morning: we think about what has to be done, in which order, how...

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### Attention

- Published: 2020-11-09
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/attention/

In other words, attention is the ability to generate, direct, and maintain an appropriate state of alertness to correctly process information. There are five different attention processes: • Sustained attention: the ability to continuously maintain focus on a task or event over a long period of time. This type of attention is also called vigilance. • Selective attention: the ability to direct attention and focus on a task without interruption or interference from either external or internal factors or stimuli. • Alternating attention: the ability to rapidly shift focus from one task to another. • Processing speed: the rate at which the brain performs a task (it will evidently vary according to the task and depending on other cognitive functions involved). It is measured by the elapsed time between the onset of a stimulus and the individual’s response. • Hemineglect: great difficulty or inability to direct attention to one side (usually the left) of external space or one’s own body. Try NeuronUP Attention Exercises Why is attention important? Throughout our lives we need attention for all kinds of things. From early childhood we learn to focus on certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli that are judged less important. We sometimes are able to easily remember a conversation that we have had but cannot remember other secondary aspects: the place, the clothes of the conversation partner, whether it was cold or hot, etc. Another example is when we must concentrate on something over a long period of time, even if it is...

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### Gnosis

- Published: 2020-11-03
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/gnosis/

Simple gnostic processes (in which only one sensory modality is involved): • Visual gnosis: the ability to recognize different stimuli (objects, faces, colors, shapes) by sight and assign meaning to them. • Auditory gnosis: the ability to recognize different stimuli (sounds) by hearing. • Tactile gnosis: the ability to recognize or identify different stimuli (texture, objects, or temperature) by touch. • Olfactory gnosis: the ability to recognize different stimuli (odors) by smell. • Gustatory gnosis: the ability to recognize different stimuli (flavors) by taste. Complex gnostic processes (in which more than one sensory modality is involved): • Body schema: the ability to recognize and mentally perceive the body as a whole and its various parts, the movements that can be performed with each body part, and the orientation and position of the body in space. Why is gnosis important? Gnosis is of vital importance in our daily life performance. Thanks to this ability we can recognize our close relatives (there is a disorder called prosopagnosia which is an inability to recognize familiar faces) or identify our favorite song (there are individuals who are unable to recognize music as a result of a disorder called amusia). Can you imagine how your life would be if you were unable to identify certain parts of your body as belonging to you? Or how it would be to touch a common object like a spoon and being unable to recognize it? NeuronUP activities for the rehabilitation of gnosis At NeuronUP, we can help you...

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### Orientation

- Published: 2020-11-03
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/orientation/

There are three types of orientation: • Personal orientation: the ability to integrate information relating to personal history and identity such as our age, civil status, or education level. • Temporal orientation: the ability to manage information about different events or situations, and place them in chronological order. This is information relating to day, time, month, year, the moment of performing certain behaviors, holidays, seasons, etc. • Spatial orientation: the ability to handle information relating to where one is coming from, where one is at a specific moment, where one is heading to, etc. Why is orientation important? One of the most important aspects of life is knowing how to locate ourselves and others in a specific place or point in time. In order to do so, we must be aware of ourselves and our surroundings which involves determining our proper location in time and space. At any given moment, we need to know which day or time it is and which activities to perform (to have breakfast in the morning, to go to bed at night, to spend time with hobbies during the weekend, etc. ). NeuronUP activities for the rehabilitation of orientation To rehabilitate personal orientation, we have designed activities in which patients have to answer a series of questions regarding their personal life. These activities can vary in level of difficulty and assistance depending on the patient’s specific needs. To improve temporal orientation, there are tasks in which patients must tell the time, the month, and the seasons...

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### Theoretical framework

- Published: 2020-10-13
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-labs/theoretical-framework-scientific-evidence-cognition-neuropsychology/

Theoretical framework NeuronUP was born in 2012, based on scientific evidence in cognition and neuropsychology summarized in this document. Introduction The goal of neuropsychological rehabilitation is to improve an individual's performance and to compensate for the impairments resulting from brain injury in order to reduce functional limitations and increase the ability of the person to perform activities of daily living (Bernabéu & Roig, 1999) with the purpose of improving quality of life (Christensen, 1988; Prigatano, 1984; Sohlberg, & Mateer, 1989). Cognitive functions are interrelated, and interdependent on a functional and anatomical level. Functional activities involve multiple types and levels of processing. When an activity of daily living is carried out, neural combinations that recruit specific neuropsychological processes to perform it are put into play. From those motivations that initiate behavior, all the way through to visual recognition, impulse control or the development of cognitive strategies to resolve these impulses, to plan behavior or to learn. Therefore, from a professional approach, it is logical to formulate rehabilitation activities from an ecological perspective. The goal of NeuronUP is to identify those processes in order to calibrate and design useful activities for neuropsychological rehabilitation and occupational therapy, as well as providing a platform and flexible materials for neuropsychology professionals. NeuronUP was founded in response to several urgent questions in the field of neuropsychological rehabilitation in general, and clinical and experimental practice in particular. In line with the urgent need to carry out a more ecological neuropsychological assessment (Tirapu, 2007) that allows clinicians to...

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### Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

- Published: 2020-10-09
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/adl/

<img class="customer-img img-center mb-5" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ico_avd_g.png" alt="Customers">
<h1>Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)</h1>
<p class="text-center">Also called "areas of occupation", ADLs include all activities of daily life that have value and particular meaning for a person as well as a purpose.</p>
<p class="text-center">The occupations are central to a person’s identity and abilities, and influence the way in which one uses her/her time and makes decisions.</p>


Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) Also called "areas of occupation", ADLs include all activities of daily life that have value and particular meaning for a person as well as a purpose. Types of activities of daily living The occupations are central to a person’s identity and abilities, and influence the way in which one uses her/her time and makes decisions. Basic Activities Activities related to self care. Bathing /showering. Bowel and bladder management. Dressing. Eating. Feeding. Functional mobility. Personal device care. Personal hygiene and grooming. Sexual activity. Sleep / Rest. Toilet hygiene. Instrumental activities IADLs are activities involving interaction with the surrounding areas and environment, which often times are complex, and are generally optional activities as they can be delegated to others. Care of pets. Child rearing. Communication device use. Community mobility. Financial management. Health management and maintenance. Home establishment and management. Meal preparation and cleanup. Safety procedures and emergency responses. Shopping. Education These activities are necessary to be a student and to participate in an educational environment. Formal educational participation. Exploration of informal personal educational needs or interests (beyond formal education). Informal personal education participations. Work These activities are necessary to obtain gainful employment or to perform volunteer activities. Employment interest and pursuits. Employment seeking and acquisition. Job performance. Retirement preparation and adjustment. Volunteer exploration. Volunteer participation. Play They are spontaneous or organized activities that provide enjoyment, entertainment, pastime, or amusement. Play exploration. Play participation. Leisure Activities that are not mandatory, but rather they are chosen voluntarily and performed...

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### Social skills

- Published: 2020-10-09
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/social-skills/

<img class="customer-img img-center mb-5" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ico_social_g.png" alt="Customers">
<h1>Social skills</h1>
<p class="text-center"></p>


Social skills Social skills are the set of behavioral strategies and the ability to implement those behaviors that help solve a social situation effectively; in a manner acceptable to both an individual and the social context in which the individual finds him/herself. They allow for feelings, attitudes, desires, opinions or rights to be expressed appropriately in relation to a particular situation, and at the same time respect the conduct of others. Thus, they improve our interpersonal relationships, make us feel good, help us to get what we want, and prevent others from interfering in the achievement of our goals. These behaviors are necessary to interact with and relate to others in an effective and mutually satisfying manner. Some of them are: Empathy.  The ability to put oneself in the place of another person. Emotional intelligence.  The ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Assertiveness.  The ability to state what one wants in a clear, direct, and honest manner without hurting anyone’s feelings or underestimating anyone’s worth, only defending one’s personal rights. Listening skills.  The ability to listen carefully, attentively, and understanding what the other person wants to say and then communicating that the message has been received. Capacity to communicate feelings and emotions.  The ability to express one’s positive or negative feelings in an appropriate manner to others. Capacity to define a problem and evaluate solutions.  The ability to analyze a given situation by taking into...

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### About NeuronUP

- Published: 2020-09-30
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/what-is-neuronup-professional-tool-for-rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation/

NeuronUP, rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation application for professionals What is NeuronUP? NeuronUP is an essential tool for professionals involved in the processes of rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation. It consists of numerous materials and resources to design sessions, as well as a patient manager to store results in an organized way. It is hosted in a Cloud Computing system, meaning it is a website that professionals can access at any time and from anywhere to review patient results, plan sessions, consult exercises, etc. Moreover, thanks to this, the constant creation of new material and platform updates are available in real time. Start your free trial Check out our products and advantages The professional can set up customized sessions for the patient to do from anywhere, being able to monitor them and adapt the exercises based on each individual's needs. The platform consists of two main sections: Activity workspace: contains plenty of thoroughly classified material to create sessions. User and results manager: a database in which you can store all your users and the results of all completed activities in an organized and practical way. Check out our products and advantages https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=_6nLEfqXPFc Activity workspace NeuronUP brings together a wide range of varied materials so that professionals can personally design their interventions, adapting them as much as possible to each patient and their needs. Thus, there are hundreds of exercises that allow you to train both basic cognitive functions and activities of daily living and social skills. It also includes extra content (image...

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### Neurorehabilitation

- Published: 2020-09-30
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/

New investigations in different areas have provided an improved understanding of how the brain works; such as the possibility of the brain's own recuperation or modification (neuroplasticity).

Neurorehabilitation and cognitive stimulation New investigations in different areas have provided an improved understanding of how the brain works; such as the possibility of the brain's own recuperation or modification (neuroplasticity). It has been shown that the brain is a dynamic organ capable of undergoing considerable modifications after suffering injuries or environmental changes. Due to this, great importance is currently being given to provide effective rehabilitation in cases of acquired brain injury and adequate stimulation to slow cognitive deterioration characteristic of certain pathologies. The main areas that can benefit from neurorehabilitation and cognitive stimulation are: Acquired Brain Injury An acquired brain injury is an injury to brain cells that occurs after birth. It can be due to various causes and depending on where the damage is located, one or more processes will be affected. Also, a developing brain (children) would not be affected as would that of a fully developed brain (adults). Read more about Acquired Brain Injury Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive death of neurons in different regions of the nervous system. The progressive loss of nerve cells is what gives rise to the neurological and neuropsychological signs and symptoms characteristic of each of these disorders. Cognitive stimulation is the appropriate intervention in these cases. While the progression of these diseases is inevitable, cognitive and functional deterioration can be slowed. Read more about Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurodevelopmental Disorders A child’s brain is not a miniature replica of an adult brain, but rather a brain in continual...

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### Cognitive Functions

- Published: 2020-09-29
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/

<img class="customer-img img-center" src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ico_funciones_g.png" alt="Cognitive Functions">
<h1 class="text-center">Cognitive Functions</h1>


Cognitive Functions What are cognitive functions? Cognitive functions are mental processes that allow us to carry out any task. They allow the subject to have an active role in the processes of receiving, choosing, transforming, storing, processing and retrieval of information, allowing the subject to navigate the world around him. What are the most important cognitive functions? The most important cognitive functions are attention, orientation, memory, gnosis, executive functions, praxis, language, social cognition and visuospatial skills. Orientation What is orientation? Orientation is the ability that allows awareness of oneself and one’s surroundings at all times. • Personal orientation: ability to integrate information regarding personal history and identity. • Temporal orientation:ability to manage information regarding day, time, month, year, holidays, seasons, a time for a certain behavior, etc. • Spatial orientation: ability to handle information related to where one came from, where one is at any specific moment, where one is going, etc. Read more about Orientation Gnosis What is gnosis? Gnosis is the ability of the brain to recognize previously learned information such as objects, persons, or places collected from our senses. Thus, there are different types of gnosis, one for each sensory modality, and gnosis which combine different sensory modalities. • Visual gnosis: ability to visually recognize various elements and attribute meaning to them (objects, faces, places, colors, etc. ). • Auditory gnosis: ability to recognize and differentiate between various sounds. • Tactile gnosis: ability to recognize various objects by touch (textures, temperatures, etc. ). • Olfactory gnosis: ability to recognize,...

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### Areas of Intervention

- Published: 2020-09-28
- Modified: 2025-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/

Areas of Intervention NeuronUP offers thousands of exercises, tools and simulators for everyday life. Classified by areas of intervention, they allow you to work on basic cognitive functions, activities of daily life as well as social skills. An adapted and personalized intervention Neuropsychologically effective rehabilitation involves reducing functional limitations and increasing the subject's ability to carry out activities of daily living. To achieve this, work has to be done at different levels, from the most basic cognitive processes to the more complex skills. To facilitate the design of a cognitive rehabilitation profile adjusted for each person and their needs, we have made an exhaustive classification of the different areas of intervention, taking into account that many activities involve diverse cognitive processes and thus have been coordinated together. Cognitive Functions Cognitive functions are mental processes that allow us to carry out any task. They allow the subject to have an active role in the processes of receiving, choosing, transforming, storing, processing and retrieval of information, allowing the subject to navigate the world around him. Read more Activities of daily living (ADLs) Also called "areas of occupation", ADLs include all activities of daily life that have value and particular meaning for a person as well as a purpose. The occupations are central to a person’s identity and abilities, and influence the way in which one uses his or her time and makes decisions. Read more Social Skills Social skills are the set of behavioral strategies and the ability to implement those behaviors that...

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### News

- Published: 2017-12-20
- Modified: 2025-02-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/news/

Sign up for the newsletter Neurorehabilitation news directly to your e-mail. NEUROREHABILITATION AND COGNITIVE STIMULATION PSYCHOLOGY AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE NEURONUP K-12 ACADEMY NEURONUP NEWS All the latest news for neurorehabilitation professionals NeuronUP has developed this blog to generate a reference site for cognitive stimulation professionals. Our blog contains all the latest news about neurorehabilitation, with the best professionals explaining the latest scientific advances, with informative articles and recommendations on our activities to rehabilitate people affected by Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, ADHD and other disorders. Receive all the news about neurorehabilitation with our NEWSLETTER Subscribe Lastest news

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### Start using NeuronUP for free

- Published: 2017-11-22
- Modified: 2025-03-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/pricing/

Start using NeuronUP for free NeuronUP is a neurorehabilitation tool that will allow you to improve your intervention, save time and work remotely in a simple way. Our plans include Personalized activities Access hundreds of highly customizable digital and paper-based resources Exercises divided by cognitive processes All of NeuronUP's materials are divided by intervention areas. Session scheduler In just a few minutes, select the activities you need to create flexible interventions. Possibility of including remote sessions Include sessions to work remotely with your users* (first 3 sessions free). Unlimited users With NeuronUP you can create and work with as many users and patients as you need. No extra cost. Evolution charts NeuronUP has evolution charts so you can visually see your users' progress. New resources We continuously add new features or activities to our platform. EXCLUSIVE ANNUAL CLIENTS Payment methods Choose your payment method: credit card, Paypal or bank transfer. EXCLUSIVE ANNUAL CLIENTS Possibility of financing You can finance your payment. EXCLUSIVE ANNUAL CLIENTS Customized training sessions Access customized training sessions to learn how to get the most out of NeuronUP. EXCLUSIVE ANNUAL CLIENTS Premium technical support We offer you priority and comprehensive technical support. EXCLUSIVE ANNUAL CLIENTS Advanced onboarding Our experts will accompany you from the very first minute. Add extra professionals Simultaneous connection Connect from any device at the same time as your colleagues for joint activities. Independent access Each professional creates and manages their own sessions and patients, without interfering in the interventions of their...

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### Contact

- Published: 2017-11-13
- Modified: 2025-03-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/contact/

Ready to start your project? Contact us using the form below and we'll get back to you within 24 hours.

Contact Us Do not hesitate to call or email us if you have any questions. The NeuronUP team will love to help you. Sales Solve your doubts, learn more about NeuronUP or arrange a Zoom meeting to learn how to use our platform. +1 323 410 1337 Call us Support Are you having technical difficulties or do you have doubts about how NeuronUP works? We can help you. Email us Visit the help center Browse FAQs Billing If you need to make any changes to your invoice or you have experienced an incident in your billing, let us know and we will help you. +1 323 410 1337 Call us neuronup. us@neuronup. com Suggestions Together, we make NeuronUP grow. If you have created an activity manually for your patients and you would like us to digitize it, contact us and we will study its addition to the platform. suggestions@neuronup. com Information Request Do you want to learn more about NeuronUP? Fill out our form and our team will contact you. Request info Chat With Us If you have any other questions, please contact us. We would love to answer them! Chat now We serve you from U. S. A. Spain France Brazil

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## Posts

### Effects of cognitive training on balance and motor symptoms in Parkinson&#8217;s disease: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.

- Published: 2025-04-04
- Modified: 2025-04-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/effects-of-cognitive-training-on-balance-and-motor-symptoms-in-parkinsons-disease-an-exploratory-randomized-controlled-trial/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, NeuronUP News, parkinson&#039;s

In this article, MD and PhD Juan Pablo Moreno Muñoz presents the study "Effects of Cognitive Training on Balance and Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial", in which our neurorehabilitation platform, NeuronUP, participated. Relevance of the Study This study is relevant because it explores the impact of cognitive training on improving motor symptoms and balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Through a specific intervention focused on information processing speed and sustained attention, the potential of cognitive rehabilitation as a complementary tool for managing motor symptoms was evaluated. The results suggest that this approach could help reduce the severity of motor symptoms, opening new possibilities for treatment and rehabilitation in PD. Relevance of the Study for a Non-specialist Audience Imagine that a simple mental training you can do at home could help people with Parkinson’s move better and feel more stable. That’s exactly what this study investigated: how exercising the mind can have a positive impact on balance and movement control in people with Parkinson’s. The results could change the way we approach rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Study Methodology The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with 39 participants diagnosed with mild to moderate PD (Hoehn and Yahr ≤ III). They were divided into two groups: an experimental group, which completed self-administered cognitive training through the NeuronUP platform, and a control group with no cognitive intervention. For four weeks, the experimental group completed 30-minute sessions three times a week, focused on sustained attention...

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### NeuronUP obtains ISO 27001:2022 certification!

- Published: 2025-02-20
- Modified: 2025-02-20
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-obtains-iso-270012022-certification/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: NeuronUP News

NeuronUP is thrilled: we have obtained the ISO 27001:2022 certification, an international recognition that reinforces our commitment to information security and the protection of the data we manage. This achievement certifies that our Information Security Management System (ISMS) meets the highest standards, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. "This certification confirms that we apply best practices to minimize risks and manage security effectively", highlights Pilar Jalón, Information Security Manager at NeuronUP. What is ISO 27001? ISO 27001 is an international standard issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that describes how to manage information security in a company through an ISMS. This standard helps organizations identify and manage their information security risks effectively, minimizing risks and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. What does it mean for our clients? The ISO 27001:2022 certification ensures that NeuronUP has been developed following processes in which: We ensure the protection of our clients' information through security controls. We comply with international information security standards. We are committed to continuous improvement and proactive risk management. "Achieving this certification is a testament to our ongoing commitment to the security of our clients' information," highlights Jalón. If you enjoyed this post about NeuronUP obtaining ISO 27001:2022 certification, you might also be interested in these platform updates:

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### Real testimonials from our customers

- Published: 2025-01-28
- Modified: 2025-01-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/real-testimonials-from-our-customers/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Testimonial

This holiday season, some of our clients shared with us the most special moments they’ve experienced with their users using NeuronUP. In this article, you can read some of the most touching anecdotes that reflect the dedication and positive impact NeuronUP has on their daily work. NeuronUP2GO: strengthening bonds between grandfather and grandson "I have a touching story about a patient who uses NeuronUP2GO because it has become the moment where grandfather and grandson share time together. My patient confessed to me that he didn’t really enjoy doing the exercises every day because they were tiring, but just having his grandson by his side every day and doing it together has made it the most beautiful moment of the day. NeuronUP has brought the grandson and grandfather closer, strengthening their relationship and giving them time to bond. " Anecdote shared by Mercedes Florido, from Centro Silvia Medina. Achieving goals and building confidence for a user with ADHD "Before having the NeuronUP platform, I was struggling to help a patient with ADHD (with whom I recently completed a year-long process) learn how to use a planner, manage their time, and organize tasks based on deadlines or importance. The goal was to help them understand how to allocate time for activities, assess their complexity, and identify the necessary steps. It was very challenging to instill habits that would allow them to function better in their daily life, especially in their studies, which was their main concern since they were on the verge of...

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### Current trends in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.

- Published: 2025-01-14
- Modified: 2025-01-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/current-trends-in-the-treatment-of-neurodevelopmental-disorders/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders include a variety of conditions that affect the development of the nervous system, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability, and specific learning disorders. Neurorehabilitation has advanced significantly in the past decade, adopting personalized approaches and innovative technologies that optimize treatment and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by these neurodevelopmental disorders. This article explores the current trends in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and examines key neurorehabilitation tools such as virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, personalized therapies, and the multidisciplinary approach to comprehensively and effectively address these conditions. What Are Neurodevelopmental Disorders? Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions that affect neurological development and can significantly impact an individual's cognitive, motor, social, and communication skills. Some of the most common conditions include: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and specific behavior patterns. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Marked by difficulties in regulating attention and impulsivity, with or without hyperactivity. Intellectual Disability: Involves significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive skills for daily life. Specific Learning Disorders: Include difficulties in key areas such as reading, writing, and mathematics. These disorders require a specialized neurorehabilitation approach that, through innovative and personalized therapies, seeks to improve the quality of life and overall development of affected individuals. Key Trends in the Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1. Early Diagnosis and Personalized Therapies in Neurodevelopmental Disorders What Are Early Diagnosis and Personalized Therapies? Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment of neurodevelopmental...

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### Alzheimer&#8217;s disease as a clinical-biological construct: recommendation of an international working group.

- Published: 2025-01-09
- Modified: 2025-01-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/alzheimers-disease-as-a-clinical-biological-construct-recommendation-of-an-international-working-group/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, NeuronUP News

Antonio Javier Sutil presents in this article the most relevant data from the study "Alzheimer’s Disease as a Clinical-Biological Construct: Recommendations from an International Working Group". Modification of Alzheimer’s Diagnostic Criteria Recently, the Alzheimer's Association proposed a modification of Alzheimer’s diagnostic criteria to be based solely on biological evidence. This would allow for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnoses in cognitively healthy individuals who present biomarkers. This could have a significant societal impact, as these newly proposed criteria are not recommended for cognitively healthy individuals, raising important new issues that need to be addressed. On the one hand, this would have a significant impact on research environments. Evidence on associated biomarkers has been increasing in recent decades, enabling a paradigm shift from post-mortem research to studying the evolution of the disease from earlier stages. This change has not only fostered an increase in observational research but also in clinical trials, allowing for dynamic in vivo monitoring. However, it would also have an impact on clinical settings, where the use of biomarkers is considered particularly relevant, as they are expected to provide information about pathological lesions or neurodegenerative processes. Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease Nevertheless, the so-called primary biomarkers would not be sufficient on their own to explain all the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Particularly in clinical settings, biomarkers such as tau or amyloid would serve to support or refute a clinical suspicion of diagnosis due to the high heterogeneity of cases. For instance, post-mortem studies have documented cases where an individual’s brain...

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### Intensive assessment of executive functions derived from performance in cognitive training games.

- Published: 2025-01-09
- Modified: 2025-01-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/intensive-assessment-of-executive-functions-derived-from-performance-in-cognitive-training-games/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, NeuronUP News

The researcher Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez presents in this article the most relevant information from the study "Intensive Evaluation of Executive Functions Derived from Performance in Cognitive Training Games", in which our cognitive stimulation platform, NeuronUP, participated. Authors and Universities Involved This study originated from the PENSA Study, which aimed to investigate the effect on the progression of cognitive decline through a personalized intervention promoting a healthy lifestyle, complemented by a natural compound from green tea called epigallocatechin gallate. The PENSA Study was led by the Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) and the Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), collaborating with other Spanish universities and NeuronUP to innovatively study executive functions through remote monitoring. Highlighting some of the authors, the conceptualization of this study was carried out by Natalia Soldevila-Domenech, Ilario de Toma, and Rafael de la Torre from IMIM. Researchers from the Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona, the Carlos III Health Institute, the Biomedical Research Network Center for Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) in Madrid, and Monash University in Melbourne also participated in data analysis, interpretation, or manuscript writing. Additionally, the participation of Iñigo Fernández de Piérola and Carolina Sastre from NeuronUP was significant for data collection, ensuring no conflict of interest regarding the study results. Target Population The target population of this study consisted of individuals without cognitive decline, aged 60 to 80 years. Specifically, a subset of 56 participants from the PENSA Study was selected, including 23 men and 33 women within the mentioned age range... .

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### Interventions for psychological and behavioral problems in dementias

- Published: 2024-11-12
- Modified: 2024-11-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/interventions-for-psychological-and-behavioral-problems-in-dementias/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Dementia, Mental Health, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neuropsychologist Diana Carolina Gómez Blanco demonstrates how non-pharmacological interventions can be a key tool for managing psychological and behavioral symptoms in people with dementia. “A person with dementia lives in a present where things disappear, explanations are forgotten, and conversations lose meaning, where love is the only alternative. ” In recent years, the increase in the elderly population worldwide has led to a higher incidence in the detection of neurocognitive disorders such as dementias. This increase in incidence has encouraged research into both prevention and treatment, addressing not only cognitive symptoms but also psychological and behavioral symptoms, which can strain families and healthcare systems as they exacerbate cognitive and functional deterioration. These symptoms not only cause suffering for patients and their caregivers but also increase the risk of institutionalization, reduce the quality of life for both patients and their families, elevate stress levels for caregivers and nursing staff, and generate higher financial costs. What are the Psychological and Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia (PBSD) The psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia (PBSD) refer to a set of symptoms and signs that include psychiatric symptoms and behavioral problems that can appear in people with dementia. These symptoms can manifest at almost any stage of the illness, with highly variable patterns influenced by modifiable psychological and environmental factors that offer treatment opportunities (Olazarán-Rodríguez & Agüera-Ortiz, 2012, p 598). The more complex and mentally elaborated psychological symptoms are identified through interviews with the patient and family, such as depression, anxiety, or psychosis. Behavioral symptoms, on...

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### Music accessibility program

- Published: 2024-11-05
- Modified: 2024-11-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/music-accessibility-program/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Executive Functions

Ruben Montaldo D'Albora, musician and educator, presents in this article a Music Accessibility Program focused on the rehabilitation and transformation of people's lives through music. Introduction The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in Article 27, enshrines the right of every person to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, enjoy the arts, and take part in scientific progress. For people with mental health issues, however, this access to culture may be hindered by structural and social barriers. In Uruguay, Vilardebó Hospital, the national reference center for mental health care, provides a Music Accessibility Program aimed at contributing interdisciplinarily to the transformation of these people's lives through music, promoting their psychosocial rehabilitation, well-being, and community inclusion. Music can be a driving force for mental health change, and this program has achieved a tangible positive impact on its participants. A bridge between music pedagogy and therapeutic benefit The Music Accessibility Program at Vilardebó Hospital is distinguished by its pedagogical approach focused on music education, which differs from traditional music therapy, where the objectives center on direct therapeutic interventions. This approach does not solely aim to contribute to rehabilitation from a clinical perspective but also to awaken the artistic potential of each participant. The primary goal is for users to achieve meaningful musical production through learning an instrument, composing, or improvising, expressing their emotions and experiences through art. The pedagogical process not only results in artistic achievements but also triggers therapeutic benefits inherent to the musical experience. Music, as an expressive...

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### Deep learning model for the early detection of cognitive impairment from clinical notes in electronic medical records

- Published: 2024-11-04
- Modified: 2024-11-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/deep-learning-model-for-the-early-detection-of-cognitive-impairment-from-clinical-notes-in-electronic-medical-records/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, NeuronUP News

Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez discusses in this article the data presented in the study "Deep Learning Model for Early Detection of Cognitive Decline from Clinical Notes in Electronic Health Records". Why is this Study on Learning Models from Clinical Notes Important? This study addresses the early detection of cognitive decline in adults, which is crucial for enabling successful therapeutic interventions, slowing down decline, preventing disease development, or facilitating participant enrollment in clinical trials. Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that represents a significant global issue. This disease has been diagnosed in nearly 6 million people in the United States, and its prevalence increases with age, meaning that the aging population is expected to raise its incidence over the coming years. Beyond Alzheimer's disease, however, mild cognitive impairment is also a highly relevant issue, which in many cases is associated with later development of dementia. Subjective Cognitive Decline Recently, a new category of subjective cognitive decline has also been created. This term refers to the individual's perception of experiencing a decline in cognitive abilities compared to their previous state. While this label is not a disease in itself, it has been found that people with this condition may be in an early stage of cognitive decline. Detection of Cognitive Decline Despite significant efforts to improve treatments for these patients, detecting cognitive decline remains a challenge, and improving detection tools is necessary to ensure subsequent treatments are effective. Primary Care Tools Since the number of specialized professionals available to...

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### Prediction of the incidence of Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease using machine learning with large-scale administrative health data

- Published: 2024-10-31
- Modified: 2024-10-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/prediction-of-the-incidence-of-alzheimers-disease-using-machine-learning-with-large-scale-administrative-health-data/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, NeuronUP News

In this article, Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez discusses the study "Prediction of the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease Using Machine Learning with Large-Scale Administrative Health Data". Why is the Study of Alzheimer's Prediction Using Machine Learning Important? The advancement of technology can sometimes provide unexpected solutions to medical problems. One example of this is the use of administrative health data to create predictive risk models for Alzheimer's disease. The great novelty of the work by Park and colleagues was the utilization of this massive amount of data, which, as the researchers describe, is still largely unexplored in many cases. Therefore, the digitization of medical records has become a valuable resource for reducing the efforts and costs of data collection. Despite this, its application to diseases like Alzheimer's has been limited. This has been partly addressed thanks to the increase in computing power, which allows for the application of machine learning techniques to data analysis and the creation of predictive models that can be representative of the population due to having sufficiently large samples. Premise of the Study For the study, it is assumed that using data from individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease will allow for a better early detection of preclinical stage cases and, therefore, improve therapeutic strategies. To achieve this objective, the research team had access to the database of the national health system of Korea, which contained over 40,000 health records of individuals over 65 years old, with a wealth of information including personal history, family history,...

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### FOMO: Fear of missing out on the digital age

- Published: 2024-10-22
- Modified: 2024-10-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/psychology/fomo-fear-of-missing-out-on-the-digital-age/
- Categories: Psychology
- Tags: Mental Health, NeuronUP News, Psychology

Psychologist Kira Guerra Franco and psychotherapist Iván Baliña Rodríguez-Valcarce explain in this article how FOMO (Fear of Missing Out), driven by social media use, creates a phenomenon of social anxiety affecting millions of people who seek to stay continuously connected to avoid missing out on anything in the digital age. Have you ever felt anxious after seeing pictures of a party you didn’t attend, wishing you had been there? Perhaps you wondered if you were missing out on the best night of your life while scrolling through Instagram. If this sounds familiar, you’ve likely experienced FOMO. Introduction In the digital era, social media has profoundly transformed the way we interact, communicate, and perceive the world (Díaz & Extremera, 2020). The proliferation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially through digital platforms, has amplified certain psychological phenomena, with Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), or the fear of missing out, being one of the most prominent. This term, coined by Dan Herman and popularized by Przybylski et al. (2013), describes the anxiety that arises from feeling like others are enjoying experiences from which one is absent (Torres Serrano, 2020; Gupta & Sharma, 2021), showing a desire to stay constantly connected with what others are doing (Przybylski et al. , 2013). It can manifest as an episodic feeling that occurs in the middle of a conversation, as a long-term disposition, or as a mental state leading the individual to feel a deeper sense of social inferiority, loneliness, or intense anger (Gupta & Sharma, 2021)... .

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### Reliability and validity of smartphone cognitive testing for frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

- Published: 2024-10-18
- Modified: 2024-10-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/uncategorized/reliability-and-validity-of-smartphone-cognitive-testing-for-frontotemporal-lobar-degeneration/
- Categories: NeuronUP News, Uncategorized
- Tags: Clinical Research, NeuronUP News

In this article, researcher Antonio Javier Sutil Jiménez presents the most important data from the study “Reliability and Validity of Smartphone Cognitive Tests for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. ” Why is this study on cognitive tests for frontotemporal lobar degeneration important? Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes dementia syndromes. FTLD affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to impairments in behavior, cognition, language, and/or motor functioning. Although it is the most common form of dementia in people under 60 years old, it is not well understood because each individual’s experience with FTLD is unique, and it is difficult to predict how the disease will progress. ALLFTD Consortium In response to this need, the ALLFTD consortium was created, from which this study originates. The ALLFTD consortium is a project aimed at building a cohort of FTLD patients at expert centers that can be available for studying potential treatments in clinical trials. Specifically, they aim to collect data on cognitive and behavioral assessments, neuroimaging, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Their goals are to: Identify clinical measures and biomarkers that could be useful in monitoring FTLD patients in treatment trials. Identify clinical measures and biomarkers that indicate when a person at high risk for FTLD due to a mutation will begin showing symptoms. Share data, images, and samples from participants with other researchers to expand knowledge of the condition. Using the data collected by the ALLFTD consortium, this study aims to overcome some existing barriers by utilizing smartphone technology... .

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### Neuroscience of olfaction in neurorehabilitation: How does the brain encode odors?

- Published: 2024-10-15
- Modified: 2024-10-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neuroscience-of-olfaction-in-neurorehabilitation-how-does-the-brain-encode-odors/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: NeuronUP News

Neuropsychologist Javier Esteban Libiano explains in this article all the details about how our brain encodes smells. Smell, along with taste, is a chemical sense. The stimuli received by both senses interact with their receptors chemically. Smell helps identify food and avoid those that are spoiled or not suitable for consumption. It helps many species track or detect predators, as well as identify friends, enemies, and receptive mates. For humans, smells have the peculiar ability to evoke memories. Smell activates brain regions related to emotion, learning, and memory. Could we use this information to exert a neurorehabilitative effect on different cognitive abilities in individuals with some type of brain damage or cognitive impairment associated with various pathologies? The stimulus, nature, and characteristics There is growing evidence that sensory stimulation has an effect on the maintenance and improvement of cognitive abilities—such as perception, language, praxis, gnosis, attention, memory, executive functions, orientation, reasoning, and motivation—in people with cognitive decline, strokes (CVA), or other factors that have caused brain damage. The olfactory stimulus, technically known in English as odorants, consists of volatile substances with a molecular weight between 15 and 300 g/mol (grams per mole). Almost all odorant compounds are lipid-soluble and organic in origin, although many substances meeting these criteria have no smell at all. Odoriferous substances must be water-soluble to dissolve in the superficial mucous layer and reach the olfactory cilia, where they bind to specific receptors. At sufficiently high concentrations, they cause depolarization of the cell membrane, which is transmitted...

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### What will I find in NeuronUP from now on?

- Published: 2024-10-14
- Modified: 2024-10-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/what-will-i-find-in-neuronup-from-now-on/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: NeuronUP News

Shall we review the latest NeuronUP updates? A few days ago, we told you that from now on, you’ll be able to enjoy new updates on our platform related to: A new development technology, a new interface, new features, accessibility improvements, and usability improvements. In this post, we explain in detail each one of them so you can fully understand how they will impact your daily work with NeuronUP. New NeuronUP updates. October 2024. New development technology We are in full transformation at NeuronUP! More powerful and efficient engine The main update we recently implemented is a new development technology that provides us with a more powerful and efficient engine to make our activities more precise and more responsive. As a result, professionals can improve the user experience and more easily calculate results. Improved visual quality Consequently, we have also enhanced the resolution of images in each activity, significantly improving their visual quality. From now on, you’ll notice a substantial improvement in the visual elements of our activities! Activity adaptation to any screen If you work or plan to work with your patients on a tablet or other device, your experience will now be optimized. We have adapted our activities to avoid displaying empty images or spaces, making use of the entire screen of the device. In any case, remember that at NeuronUP, we recommend using devices no smaller than 9 inches and using Chrome for the best experience. Example of a NeuronUP activity adapted to screen width. Reduced activity...

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### Neuropsychology of alcohol

- Published: 2024-10-08
- Modified: 2024-10-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/neuropsychology-of-alcohol/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Neuropsychology

Alcohol consumption is one of the most common forms of substance use worldwide, with profound neuropsychological implications. In this article, psychologist Rafael A. Salas Muriel explains, from a neuropsychological perspective, what alcohol is, its effects on the brain, the risks associated with its consumption, and how neuropsychological assessment and intervention can contribute to the treatment of individuals affected by this type of consumption. What is alcohol? Ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, is a psychoactive substance that acts as a central nervous system depressant. When consumed, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects various areas of the brain, particularly those associated with motor control, judgment, and decision-making (Waisman and Benabarre, 2021). Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to a range of neurological disorders, with consequent cognitive and psychological deficits due to its impact on brain structures. Neuropsychological alterations associated with alcohol consumption Prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption can produce multiple neuropsychological alterations, especially in individuals who develop alcohol dependence (Courtney et al. , 2019). Below are some of the main neuropsychological effects that can be observed in people who consume alcohol chronically: 1. Memory impairment Alcohol significantly affects memory, particularly the ability to form new memories. The hippocampus, a key brain structure for information storage, is affected, leading to difficulties in recalling recent events. In cases of chronic abuse, individuals may develop Korsakoff syndrome, characterized by severe amnesia and confabulation (Akhouri et al. , 2023). 2. Attention deficits Individuals who consume alcohol may have difficulties concentrating and filtering irrelevant stimuli, affecting their ability to...

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### Deconstructing adrenoleukodystrophy

- Published: 2024-09-10
- Modified: 2024-09-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/uncommon-diseases/deconstructing-adrenoleukodystrophy/
- Categories: Uncommon Diseases
- Tags: Rare Diseases

In this article, we take an in-depth look at adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), providing an overview of its genetic origins, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and especially its neuropsychological impact.   What is adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)? Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare and progressive genetic disease that primarily affects the nervous system and adrenal glands. Specifically, it affects both the spinal cord and the brain, causing damage to the myelin, the protective layer surrounding the neurons. It is a X-linked hereditary disorder that mainly affects males, although female carriers may experience mild symptoms. ALD is characterized by the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in various tissues of the body (such as the brain, spinal cord, and adrenal glands), which damage the myelin, a crucial substance for the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. This disease has different variants, with the most severe being childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, which manifests during childhood and progresses rapidly. Adrenoleukodystrophy has become a topic of interest for both neuropsychology specialists and healthcare professionals due to its complex clinical manifestations and its devastating impact on the lives of affected individuals. Genetic causes of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) Adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, located on the X chromosome, which encodes the protein responsible for transporting very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) to the peroxisomes. This mutation prevents the protein from functioning properly, causing the accumulation of VLCFA in the body. Since males have only one X chromosome, a mutation in this gene generally results in the manifestation of this disease. In the...

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### Clear cache and cookies to enjoy the updates

- Published: 2024-09-03
- Modified: 2024-09-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/clear-cache-and-cookies/
- Categories: Announcements

Please be informed that we have launched a new version of our platform with important improvements and new features. To make sure you can enjoy these changes, we ask you to clear your browser cache. Here is a simple guide on how to do this in your browser: In the browser, at the top right, below the 'X' for close tab, there are 3 dots. Click on the three dots. Click on “Clear browsing data... ”. You will see 3 options, select only: “Cookies and other site data” and “Cached files and images”. Click on Clear data. Reload the page. If you have any questions, please contact us.

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### Anosognosia in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease

- Published: 2024-09-03
- Modified: 2024-09-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/anosognosia-in-alzheimers-disease/
- Categories: Alzheimer's
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s

Neuropsychologist Ángel Martínez Nogueras explains in this article how anosognosia manifests in Alzheimer’s disease and its impact on activities of daily living. What is anosognosia Anosognosia or lack of awareness of one’s own illness or disability is a common symptom in various neurological disorders and diseases. People who suffer from it do not recognize their own cognitive or motor limitations, even though these are evident to others. This lack of awareness is not due to deliberate denial or a lack of understanding of oneself or the environment, but rather a failure in self-perception caused by brain injury. Simple to define, but difficult to understand and tolerate for those who accompany the patient with anosognosia in their daily lives, including professionals. The deficit in awareness of illness or anosognosia is, along with amnesia, one of the alterations that generates the most literature in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the attention given to anosognosia in the research field has not been effectively conveyed to the public, meaning that families and professionals are often unaware that anosognosia even exists. In fact, most families who come to "neuro" consultations do so without the faintest idea that anosognosia might even exist. As for their understanding of its importance and management within the family environment, that is another story. Anosognosia in numbers Although the figures vary widely, possibly due to the lack of a unified approach or a “gold standard” measure for its assessment, it is estimated that between 20% and 80% of AD patients will present...

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### Deconstructing Myhre&#8217;s Syndrome

- Published: 2024-08-20
- Modified: 2024-08-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/deconstructing-myhres-syndrome/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: neurodevelopmental disorder

Have you heard about Myhre syndrome? In this article, we explain in detail what Myhre syndrome is, a rare genetic disorder affecting one in every million people worldwide. What is Myhre Syndrome? Myhre syndrome is an extremely rare and little-known genetic condition characterized by a set of specific symptoms and physical and developmental features. It is a genetic disorder that affects multiple body systems. It is believed to be caused by mutations in the SMAD4 gene, which plays a crucial role in cellular signaling and tissue development. It is estimated to have a prevalence of approximately one person per million worldwide. In fact, there are currently only about two hundred diagnosed cases globally. In Spain, the number of affected individuals is about 16. Although it was first discovered and described in the 1980s, it is still under study today to better understand its cause, manifestations, and the best ways to manage and treat it. Genetic and clinical studies are helping to unravel the underlying mechanisms of the condition and to develop better treatment and management strategies. Causes of Myhre Syndrome Myhre syndrome may be caused by mutations in the SMAD4 gene, which plays a fundamental role in cellular signaling and in regulating the growth and development of various tissues and organs in the body. Mutations in SMAD4 disrupt the normal function of the protein encoded by this gene, leading to the various clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Details about the SMAD4 Gene Function of the SMAD4 Gene: the SMAD4 gene...

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### 2024 Paralympic Games events and the importance of mental health

- Published: 2024-08-12
- Modified: 2024-08-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/2024-paralympic-games-events-and-the-importance-of-mental-health/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Mental Health, NeuronUP News, Paralympic Games

In this article, we explore the different events of the 2024 Paralympic Games, detailing the sports and specific categories in which athletes will compete. The 2024 Paralympic Games, to be held in Paris, will be a global showcase for the athleticism and resilience of athletes with disabilities. This event will highlight the exceptional skills and determination of these athletes through a variety of sports events. History and Origins of the Paralympic Games The Paralympic Games have their origins in the competitions organized for World War II veterans. The first official Paralympic event took place in 1960 in Rome, Italy, alongside the Olympic Games. Since then, the Paralympic Games have evolved to include a wide range of sports and have become a significant event in the international sports scene. Summer Paralympic Sports in the 2024 Paralympic Games The 2024 Summer Paralympic Games will feature 22 sports, each with several categories based on the type and degree of disability of the athletes. Below is an overview of the main sports: Wheelchair Basketball Boccia Cecifoot Wheelchair Fencing Goalball Para Athletics Para Rowing Para Badminton Para Canoeing Para Track Cycling Para Road Cycling Para Equestrian Para Judo Para Swimming Para Powerlifting Taekwondo Para Table Tennis Para Archery Para Shooting Para Triathlon Wheelchair Rugby Wheelchair Tennis Sitting Volleyball Disciplines for Athletes with Cognitive Impairments in the Paralympic Games In the Paralympic Games, athletes with cognitive impairments, such as intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome, have the opportunity to participate in several adapted sports disciplines. These disciplines...

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### Study on neuropsychological rehabilitation at distance

- Published: 2024-07-31
- Modified: 2024-07-31
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/study-on-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-at-distance/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: Clinical Research, Telerehabilitation

What happens if the world changes today and you must find new ways to offer your professional services?  In this article, neuropsychologist Andreia Geraldo brings us a Portuguese study conducted on the changes that COVID-19 brought to neuropsychology services and, specifically, how people with neurological disorders faced the process of neuropsychological rehabilitation at distance. COVID-19 and the associated measures opened an unprecedented scenario for the development of the use of new digital technologies in the provision of neuropsychological services. Indeed, although new digital technologies were widely used before COVID-19 (Dores et al. , 2016; Simons et al. , 2016), the provision of distance neuropsychological services was still limited before the onset of the pandemic (Marra et al. , 2020). However, this unexpected change brought significant challenges for both professionals and individuals in rehabilitation. The professionals' perspective In the case of mental health professionals, these challenges had already been explored, with the lack of necessary training and limited financial and technological resources being the most reported (Mendes-Santos et al. , 2020). The patients' perspective The same did not happen for patients with neurological disorders, who had to cope with an unexpected shift from in-person rehabilitation to distance neuropsychological rehabilitation. A Portuguese rehabilitation center used NeuronUP2GO (NeuronUP home sessions) to continue providing cognitive rehabilitation during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal. Study on the process of distance neuropsychological rehabilitation Professionals from the University of Porto, the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, and the Catholic University of Portugal conducted a study to explore the perspectives of patients who were...

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### Jesús Cortes: “This study can help identify in advance people at risk of developing cognitive impairment”

- Published: 2024-07-31
- Modified: 2024-07-31
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/jesus-cortes-this-study-can-help-identify-in-advance-people-at-risk-of-developing-cognitive-impairment/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, Cognitive Impairment, NeuronUP News

Jesus M. Cortes, Ikerbasque Professor at the Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and Head of R&D at NeuronUP, explains in this interview the findings on the prediction of cognitive impairment with NeuronUP that have just been published in the prestigious British Journal of Neuropsychology. What have been the major findings in this study? The motivation of the study was to rigorously understand to what extent the different cognitive training materials developed by NeuronUP could be used to predict cognitive impairment one year after using NeuronUP. Out of 203 different cognitive training materials studied, we have understood that some materials perform better than others. For example, materials for training processing speed, attention (in its three forms—selective, alternating, or sustained), and executive function had predictive power with area under the curve accuracies greater than 0. 89, which are very high compared to previous studies. Furthermore, in more specific pathologies, we found differences such as selective attention predicting cognitive impairment well after 1 year in Parkinson's but not in Alzheimer's, where most existing materials predict cognitive impairment moderately. We have also studied populations with multiple sclerosis or Down syndrome. On the other hand, this study has allowed us to develop a data engineering infrastructure within NeuronUP, greasing the wheels of the whole machinery, and creating a specific data unit, where there is already dedicated personnel within this unit. Why was the Journal of Neuropsychology chosen to publish these results? The Journal of Neuropsychology is a publication of the British Psychological Society, one of the oldest...

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### NeuronUP anticipates the risk of cognitive impairment by one year

- Published: 2024-07-30
- Modified: 2024-07-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-anticipates-the-risk-of-cognitive-impairment-by-one-year/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Clinical Research, Cognitive Impairment, NeuronUP News

The prestigious British Psychological Society's Journal of Neuropsychology has published a study showing that NeuronUP anticipates the risk of cognitive impairment by one year. NeuronUP, as demonstrated by the study 'One-year prediction of cognitive decline following cognitive-stimulation from real-world data' published in the latest issue of the british Journal of Neuropsychology, anticipates the risk of cognitive decline by one year. This system is based on multiple tests that patients perform, involving various areas of the brain (cognitive training materials). According to its results, it warns about the possibility of developing any problems in the future or not. Anticipating degeneration allows health professionals to intervene to delay or alleviate the progression in disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. Delaying or alleviating the progression in disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's Regarding its applications, professor Ikerbasque at the Biocruces-Bizkaia Institute and head of the R&D unit at NeuronUP, Jesús M. Cortes, highlighted that "anticipating these types of situations allows for early action to halt the advancement of potential disorders; designing prevention and personalized treatment programs; monitoring progress over time to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments; identifying modifiable risk factors; developing interventions to reduce risk and helping professionals make informed decisions". This study, questioning the usefulness of neuropsychological training materials from the NeuronUP platform, involved a longitudinal modeling of the results of 124,610 tests monitoring 29 cognitive domains. The research included the participation of 7,902 individuals. The risk of cognitive decline was evaluated based on performance (using an indicator called NeuronUP Score) demonstrated...

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### Cognitive intervention in people with Down syndrome

- Published: 2024-07-25
- Modified: 2024-09-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/cognitive-intervention-in-people-with-down-syndrome/
- Categories: Down syndrome, Testimonials
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Testimonial

Aura Foundation explains in this article how they perform cognitive intervention in people with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities with NeuronUP in their foundation. In September 2017, the Aura Foundation began the implementation and adaptation of the NeuronUP program for people with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities. One of the main reasons why we chose this program is because of the type of activities it offers. The NeuronUP exercises comply with the principles of "generalization and/or transference". These principles fit with the philosophy-methodology of work that Aura has always followed, the methodology of mediated learning. We have been able to verify that it represents a great benefit both at a cognitive and functional level because it is easily applicable in daily life. Likewise, it favors the increase in the degree of motivation and involvement of the person and improves personal autonomy and self-esteem. As well as maintaining the psychosocial skills necessary for the activities of daily life and social of these people. «Working with computers and tablets is more stimulating and motivating. » Focusing on the area of cognitive training, and to work on the different skills, we make sure to do the previous work of program introduction and preparation that consists of "learning to learn". This includes defining each of the cognitive functions and the different processes. For example, explaining what attention means and describing the subtypes (sustained attention, selective attention, alternating attention) by looking for practical examples from everyday life in different contexts of life (family, work,...

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### Online neuropsychological intervention in a case with developmental delay

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/online-neuropsychological-intervention-in-a-case-with-developmental-delay/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neuropsychological Intervention, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

Ximena Gutiérrez and Gabriela López, psychologist and graduate in Human Communication, respectively, from the center Therapies For All, explain their experience performing online neuropsychological intervention with NeuronUP in a case with developmental delay. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world had to make important changes in many ways. The Center "Therapies For All" located in Mexico City was not the exception as we had to adapt to online therapies. With this, the search and integration of online resources began. With the objective that the population that attends our center would not present setbacks with the diagnoses they have. In this search for materials and resources we found NeuronUP, a tool that allows a cognitive intervention according to the needs of each patient. The use of this tool has allowed us to see very positive advances in our population, such is the case of "E", a fictitious name that we will give to one of our patients. "E" is a patient diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorder, this disorder brings with it the manifestation of different alterations in language, learning, attention, memory, executive functions, as well as an impact on social and emotional aspects. Therefore, pausing his intervention during this contingency time was not a viable option since setbacks could occur in all these areas. Online neuropsychological intervention with "E" With the help of video call applications we started the online neuropsychological intervention with "E" in April. In addition to strengthening the cognitive area; it allowed us to better intervene both in...

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### How to work on cognitive stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/how-to-work-on-cognitive-stimulation-in-children-with-autism-spectrum-disorder/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Testimonial

Sabrina Martínez, director and psychologist at Stimulos, explains autism spectrum disorder and her center's experiences with NeuronUP. What is autism spectrum disorder? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by atypical development in social interaction and communication skills with restricted early-onset activities and interests. It currently affects four to five times more boys than girls and according to studies it is estimated to have the following prevalence: 1/100 (Europe, 2010), 1/59 (Usa, 2018). Degrees of autism Within the autism spectrum disorder we can distinguish 3 degrees of autism: Grade 1: require assistance, grade 2: require significant help, grade 3: require very significant help. Most common characteristics of autism Deficits in communication and social interaction: Difficulties in social-emotional reciprocity, deficits in non-verbal communicative behaviors, difficulties in developing and maintaining developmentally appropriate relationships. Repetitive and restricted patterns of behavior, activities and interests. Stereotyped or repetitive verbal, motor or object use behaviors, excessive adherence to routines, ritualized verbal and nonverbal behavior patterns, or excessive resistance to change, restricted and obsessive interests that are abnormal in intensity or type of content, hyper- or hypo-sensory reactivity or unusual interest in aspects of the environment. Autism Spectrum Disorder as told by Stimulos Stimulos Atención Educativa s. l. Stimulos Atención Educativa is formed by a group of professionals who are committed on a daily basis to help children and their families in their evolutionary development, detecting early different difficulties and especially helping from the prevention and minimizing as much as possible the difficulties they may present... .

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### Cognitive intervention in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/cognitive-intervention-in-adolescents-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/
- Categories: ADHD, Testimonials
- Tags: ADHD, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Testimonial, Theory of Mind

Ana Priscila Santiago Albarran, psychologist at CITPA, provides an approach to cognitive intervention in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. Working with adolescents with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as ADHD, can be challenging. Since added to the characteristics of volubility that occur at this stage of development, the characteristics of the disorder are found in the symptoms related to poor inhibitory control capacity and poor social skills that some of them have. All this can result in being excluded by the typical population, if they do not benefit from tools to cope with such situations, leading them to a growth and building up of life skills. However, it is also at this stage that patients begin to become aware of their disorder and to cooperate with neuropsychological rehabilitation, if the correct adherence to the process has been achieved. It is then when we must rethink therapeutic objectives in the social field, since we can build expectations in the short, medium and long term and in a procedural way, since the sense of temporality is glimpsed in a more punctual way. The work of psychotherapists in cognitive intervention with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adolescents As cognitive psychotherapists it is necessary to join efforts and provide new tools to carry out a process focused on an ecological and functional treatment, that is to say, that the sessions have transference in their day to day and what is approached can be useful to face the vicissitudes of each scenario in which our patients...

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### Rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation with new technologies

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation-with-new-technologies/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

Ivan Cadena, neuropsychologist, doctoral candidate in Neurosciences and Director of Neuropsychological Services of the Caribbean (SNC), explains how they perform rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation with new technologies at their center in Colombia. Neuropsychological Services of the Caribbean (SNC) is located in the north of Colombia, in the city of Cartagena. It was born from the need to provide not only evaluation, but also rehabilitation to people with brain damage, mainly in childhood or in older adulthood. When we refer to childhood, we point out that we have been working in the last five years on learning disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit or intellectual disability. When we talk about older adulthood, we refer to neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke or other neurocognitive impairment. What has interested us from the beginning, beyond the evaluation, is to be able to provide alternative solutions to our patients in terms of design and implementation of a neurorehabilitation plan that allows them and their families to have a better quality of life. Rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation with new technologies: brain technology Well, at SNC we use different brain technology equipment for stimulation and rehabilitation at the service of the different pathologies mentioned above. The equipment we use is mentioned below: Neurofeedback Neurofeedback works for the treatment of a wide range of problems and is characterized by the management of dysregulation in the distribution of brain rhythms. Through the process of visualization and control of brain waves, it is possible to regulate the state...

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### The most complete cognitive exercise for people with multiple sclerosis

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/the-most-complete-cognitive-exercise-for-people-with-multiple-sclerosis/
- Categories: Multiple Sclerosis, Testimonials
- Tags: Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Testimonial

ACODEM health psychologist Juan Portillo Rivas proposes a NeuronUP activity to work on the cognitive alterations associated with people with multiple sclerosis. Taking into account the eminently practical and functional philosophy of NeuronUP, we have found it useful, practical and enjoyable to use an activity of the platform to make a brief and simple review of aspects related to cognitive impairment associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). If you are interested in more theoretical information about this disease, I encourage you to consult our website of the Asociación Cordobesa de Esclerosis Múltiple (Multiple Sclerosis Association of Cordoba). Some preliminary considerations Not all people diagnosed with MS end up suffering cognitive impairment or alterations. According to Fisher (2001), cognitive impairment affects between 40 and 60% of people with MS. The main characteristic of cognitive impairment in MS is its heterogeneity and variability among subjects, so it is risky to propose profiles of cognitive deficits in MS. Even so, according to Cummings and Benson (1984), we could speak of a profile of cognitive alterations associated with MS, characterized by the presence of problems of processing speed, attention and concentration, memory and executive functions. Based on this profile, I propose an activity with which we can work on all these functions in a single exercise. The most comprehensive cognitive exercise for people with multiple sclerosis: Find the missing numbers. The specific activity is Find the missing numbers. Most of you who use the platform will know it; for those who don't, we explain it...

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### Occupational therapy at home: what it is and how it works

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/occupational-therapy-at-home-what-it-is-and-how-it-works/
- Categories: Occupational therapy, Testimonials
- Tags: Activities of Daily Living, Occupational Therapy, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

Occupational therapist Irene Díaz González explains in this article her work, how she practices occupational therapy at home and how she integrates the NeuronUP platform into it. My work as an occupational therapist is aimed at the elderly in the context of their home. I do occupational therapy at home. I perform a therapy adapted to the person, individualized and in an integral way, that is to say, I intervene in the area that the person needs. As you know, the main objective of occupational therapy is to get the person to be as independent as possible in their activities of daily living. And what is this? Activities of daily living: Activities of daily living are all those activities that a person performs on a daily basis from getting up to going to bed. They are everyday tasks such as: Personal care (feeding, dressing, bathing, maintaining hygiene when defecating, urinating, etc. ), which includes basic ADLs. We can say that these activities are essential to life, respond to more basic instincts, require a lower level of organization, and are simpler. Home care (cooking, organizing the house, shopping, washing, etc. ) and other tasks (controlling medication, handling money, going on excursions, working, etc. ), called instrumental ADLs. These require a greater degree of organization than the previous ones (the basic ADLs) and vary according to the environment in which we move. Thus, for example, public transport is not handled the same way in a city as in a rural environment, and even the handling of money...

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### ADHD in children: subtypes, symptoms and treatment

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/adhd-in-children-subtypes-symptoms-and-treatment/
- Categories: ADHD
- Tags: ADHD, Children, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Between 2% and 5% of children and adolescents suffer from this disorder. On average, there are 1 to 2 students who have ADHD in every classroom of 30 students. It is a chronic condition whose signs and symptoms typically appear before the age of seven. It is also more common in boys than in girls, for every four boys with ADHD, there is one girl with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the core symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. There are three subtypes of ADHD based on the predominant symptoms or on whether the symptoms appear combined. ADHD Subtypes Predominantly inattentive: More inattentive symptoms, rather than hyperactive or impulsive symptoms. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive: The majority of symptoms are hyperactive and impulsive, with few or no inattentive symptoms. Combined: A mix of inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms. How to recognize ADHD in children? Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing complications. The main signs of each category are: Inattention Fail to pay attention to details. Have problems sustaining attention in tasks or fun activities. Make careless mistakes, for example, in schoolwork. Are easily distracted by mundane stimuli. Do not seem to listen when spoken to directly. Have difficulty following through on instructions and fail to finish tasks. Have trouble organizing tasks and activities. Hyperactivity Fidget with hands or feet or squirm in seat. Leave seat in situations in which remaining seated is expected. Have excess energy. Run about or climb excessively in situations where...

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### Multiple sclerosis treatment with NeuronUP

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-treatment-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Multiple Sclerosis, Testimonials
- Tags: Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Testimonial

Soraya Vázquez Caro, psychologist at ADEMBI, describes in this article her experience in the treatment of multiple sclerosis with NeuronUP. Work of the Multiple Sclerosis Association Our association has been offering the neuropsychology service since February 2006, given the need for it in people with multiple sclerosis, since it is estimated that the % of cognitive impairment is above 60%. Normally when they start, they are given a neuropsychological evaluation, which is usually repeated every few years, as a follow-up, or in the event that there has been an evident worsening, or they request a report for some procedure, such as incapacity for work. The NeuronUP program for multiple sclerosis treatment is widely used in neuropsychology sessions, both in paper and digital activities. Some of them also take worksheets to do at home. NeuronUP also gives us the advantage of being able to see, before starting each session, what exercises have been done in previous sessions, when was the last time a specific exercise has been done, to be able to select a specific function to work on, to compare results in the same activity and to give them feedback. We also use it on a very large touchscreen computer, which allows them to use it without the need to operate the mouse, given the motor and fine motor skills, grip, tremor, etc. Likewise, it makes the task easier for all those who have visual impairments; which are many, due to the size of the screen, and because the instructions...

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### How does a Down syndrome foundation operate?

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/how-does-a-down-syndrome-foundation-operate/
- Categories: Down syndrome, Testimonials
- Tags: Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Testimonial

The Down Syndrome Foundation of the Region of Murcia (FUNDOWN) explains in this article the actions and cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation programs that they develop to help people with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Foundation of the Region of Murcia FUNDOWN was set up as a non-profit foundation for the social and labor integration of young people and adults with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities on May 9th 1994. It is a non-profit organization and has been declared a Charity-Particular Foundation of a welfare nature (Order of May 14, 1995 - BOE 18/05/95). As stated in Article 4 of its statutes, the target of FUNDOWN is "to promote and carry out all activities that contribute to the improvement of living conditions and seek full family, social and work integration and the development of a normal life for people with Down syndrome, in a framework of solidarity with other etiologies that involve some kind of disability". Objectives of the Down Syndrome Foundation of the Murcia Region One of the essential objectives of FUNDOWN is the global and total integration of the disabled person in society. It is intended that people with Down syndrome or any other type of intellectual disability have access to or the possibility of having an adequate and normalized socialization in the community. The Foundation has developed a wide and intense prospect, trying to respond to the needs and demands of its patients and families. In order to make these aspirations a reality, FUNDOWN permeates each and every...

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### What does a Down syndrome association do? The case of Down Navarra

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/what-does-a-down-syndrome-association-do-the-case-of-down-navarra/
- Categories: Down syndrome, Testimonials
- Tags: Down Syndrome, Early Care, Intellectual Disability, Testimonial

Down Navarra explains in this article the work of a Down syndrome association and its experience applying cognitive stimulation with NeuronUP. What is Down syndrome? Down syndrome (DS) is a congenital defect due to the appearance of a chromosome over the 21st pair in each cell. This abnormality is known as Trisomy 21. Frequently asked questions regarding Down syndrome 1. Why does Down syndrome appear? DS is the most common intellectual disability of genetic origin. It occurs at the time of fertilization and is produced by the presence of an extra chromosome in the 21st pair. Although it is detectable during pregnancy, its causes are not determined at the moment. This means that nothing the parents of a baby with DS have done during pregnancy has caused this genetic alteration. DS cannot be prevented, so any couple can have a baby with DS. 2. Are they sick people? DS is not a disease because it cannot be cured; there is no treatment for it. DS is a disability associated with the person, one more characteristic of the person. Babies born with DS may indeed have a higher prevalence of health disorders (heart disease, infections in the respiratory and digestive systems in the early years... ). It is very important to attend to all these possible associated disorders by means of a good health program and by offering positive and stimulating environments that favor their autonomy and the development of all their abilities. The importance of early care Early care begins a...

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### Down Madrid shares their experience with telerehabilitation

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/down-madrid-shares-their-experience-with-telerehabilitation/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

Down Madrid's Adult Living and Active Aging Coordinator, Jorge González, talks about his experience with NeuronUP and the opportunity that telerehabilitation represents for both professionals and patients. The work of Down Madrid The Madrid Down Syndrome Foundation is an organization that currently supports more than 1,300 people with intellectual disabilities of all ages, including their families. Services and business lines It has the following services and business lines: Early care center. Family school program. Two special education schools. An occupational center. A volunteer service to support people with intellectual disabilities to volunteer in other organizations. A program of promotion of autonomous life. Service of leisure, sport and culture. Training and support in information and communication technology. Psychological intervention, speech therapy and psychopedagogy. FOCUS program (post-compulsory training). Employment support service. Program of support to adult life and aging. How Down Madrid works Cognitive training is one of the pillars of our interventions. For over 30 years, we have and continue to use different formats and exercises that help us work on cognitive functions. Attention, orientation, memory, executive functions, language, social cognition, visuospatial skills, are skills that we work on daily basis with the participants. And we work on them in different "ways": in groups, individually, with worksheets, with games, with proposals of daily life, challenges... NeuronUP & Down Madrid In March 2020 we implemented NeuronUP into our toolset and methodology at Down Madrid. Confinement promotes telerehabilitation The confinement produced by the health crisis served as a catalyst for us to implement...

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### NeuronUP from the point of view of patients with brain injury

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neuronup-from-the-point-of-view-of-patients-with-brain-injury/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury, Testimonials
- Tags: Brain Injury, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Testimonial

Patients of the State Reference Center for Brain Injury Care give us their opinion on NeuronUP. “Seems to be made for me” (comment made by a former user from CEADAC who attended the NeuronUP presentation). This past Friday, we had the pleasure of presenting our platform at the Spanish National Reference Center for Brain Injury (CEADAC). Some of those present, were not only professionals, but former and present patients of the center who gave their opinion on NeuronUP. We were not aware of their presence until, at the end of the presentation when the question and answer round began, and the firsts hands shot up. A man stood up and identified himself as an old patient of the center. He congratulated us for our work and suggested an idea related to motivation that he would have liked to find when carrying out rehabilitation. This comment was very valuable and we are certain that it will become very useful for other patients as well. Afterwards, a young woman raised her hand, too. Her first comment was “It seems to be made for me” and also added: “I feel identified with the activities that you have presented since they are problems I face every day”. The value of patient feedback It's curious how a single sentence can mean so much. It meant a dose of extra motivation for all of us at NeuronUP. Though we appreciate a professional’s opinion, a patient's point of view has special value for our team. Improving NeuronUP...

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### Online Speech Therapy with NeuronUP: Speech Therapy Exercises

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/online-speech-therapy-with-neuronup-speech-therapy-exercises/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: remote therapy, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

Speech therapist Marian Alonso explains how speech therapy works in her center through NeuronUP speech therapy exercises. In addition, she delves into the methodology and how online speech therapy works. What is Speech Therapy? Speech Therapy Definition Speech therapy is the discipline that deals with the study, diagnosis, rehabilitation and prevention of human communication disorders and associated functions. In a speech therapy office we can find a wide range of pathologies, in which each patient has his or her personal characteristics and the same strategies do not have to work in similar cases. Treatment in Speech Therapy We speech therapists work with: Orofacial therapy: dysphagia, facial paralysis, atypical swallowing... Voice treatments: nodules, chordal paralysis, oedemas... Oral and written language therapy: language delay, dyslalia, dyslexia... Cognitive therapy: stroke, intellectual disability, autism Speech therapy material The cases in which the resources to work are more elaborated and personalized are those that have to do with basic learning, language and development or cognitive and social skills. What takes us the most time is to “manufacture” or obtain speech therapy material and resources that work specifically on the objectives we want to achieve with each patient. And that this material is adapted to the age, need, cognitive level and tastes of each patient. How does NeuronUP help us? Speech therapy exercises Saving time NeuronUP is a tool that facilitates our work when elaborating or acquiring dynamic, updated and striking material for patients. Being able to work through a single program exercises of attention, memory, language, logic ... ...

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### Cognitive stimulation for children in clinical and academic settings

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/cognitive-stimulation-for-children-in-clinical-and-academic-settings/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Kids, Learning Difficulties, Testimonial

The Otaduy Education and Health Center explains cognitive stimulation for children in clinical and academic settings. Otaduy Education and Health Center is a center that provides an integral and multidisciplinary service in the field of learning and health, understanding learning as an implicit part in the development of the child. For this reason, our team of specialized professionals is led by Dr. Otaduy, pioneer in this method based on understanding learning with the needs of children in their different growth milestones, including speech therapists, pedagogues, neuropsychologists, clinical and school psychologists of different specialties and teachers. The fact that the growth of the child is implemented in the concept of learning, has meant within our method the search for a clinical cognitive stimulation system, validated and recognized as NeuronUP. We know that cognitive stimulation has its origin in the concepts of cognitive rehabilitation and neuropsychological rehabilitation, but in our case cognitive stimulation for children goes much further. Cognitive stimulation for children The brain is fundamentally plastic, capable of modifying its structure and functioning under appropriate conditions; it has the ability to renew itself or reconnect its neural circuits, so children WITH OR WITHOUT neurodevelopmental disorders working with cognitive stimulation are able to learn and develop non-established cognitive functions. The greater the stimulation they receive, the more complete their neurological organization and the more they improve their skills and abilities. Cognitive stimulation objectives for children Our main objectives when working with cognitive stimulation are: To activate, stimulate and train certain cognitive abilities...

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### Behavioral re-education through cognitive training

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/behavioral-re-education-through-cognitive-training/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Neurocognitive Training, Testimonial

Psychotherapist, training consultant and academic mentor, Genoveva Díaz, explains in this post how to work with cognitive training to re-educate behavior. An approach to cognitive processes and emotional processes People are complex organisms with a brain that develops internal models of the world around us, to be able to interact with it in a flexible way, allowing us to adapt to changes. Or, put another way, we are predictive beings who use our brain to imagine different scenarios that allow us to test possible responses and anticipate possible outcomes, and once decisions are made, discard undesirable scenarios and choose the options that are most favorable to us. With this idea, we have to start from the premise that no child will consciously choose to be the "disruptive", "aggressive", "lazy" or "absent-minded" of the class or family. If this happens, something is wrong with their cognitive processes. More specifically, in the cognitive processes that are in charge of controlling and regulating behavior. Cognitive processes that make up behavior: executive functions What we ask of the healthy brain is that it allows us to carry out effective behavior (M. Lezak, 1982), socially acceptable, intelligent behavior (J. Tirapu Ústarroz, et al). We will achieve this after having planned a process of actions and making decisions for their execution. These cognitive processes are carried out by the executive functions, which are in the frontal lobe of the brain, and we can define them as the set of skills that allow us to program, regulate,...

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### Reading problems: how to train reading difficulties

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/reading-problems-how-to-train-reading-difficulties/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

Aldu Childhood and Adolescence Support Center explains reading problems, the most frequent reading difficulties and how to train reading problems. Aldu is a neuropsychological therapeutic center, where we treat and work on motor and evolutionary problems derived from the development of children and adolescents, as well as learning difficulties and problems derived from the academic field. For this purpose, we have a complete group of professionals from different therapeutic areas to provide a comprehensive and complete response to these difficulties. We start with a complete evaluation of all those areas that may influence development, with the aim of finding out where the problem lies in order to adapt the therapy to the specific focus that generates such difficulties. The importance of reading in the academic environment: children with reading problems Reading is the cornerstone of learning, without a good development of the reading process it is difficult to obtain good academic results in the rest of the competencies. It affects most academic areas. Learning to read is a continuous process that goes through different phases. We understand it as an obstacle course. Phase 1: Pre-reading processes In this obstacle course the exit is those processes previous to the reading, but necessary so that the learning of this one is carried out without impediments. Such as a good development of the processes related to motor development, the definition of laterality, the correct evolution of both vision and hearing, etc. In short, it is necessary to have a good basis for the reading skill to...

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### 5p- syndrome and neuropsychological rehabilitation

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/5p-syndrome-and-neuropsychological-rehabilitation/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Rare Diseases, Testimonial

The Fundación Síndrome 5p- explores, through the story of Sofía, a girl affected by Cri du chat syndrome, the effectiveness of neuropsychological rehabilitation in this rare disease. What is 5p- syndrome? 5p- syndrome, or Cri Du Chat, is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. This condition is characterized by a distinctive cat-like cry in affected infants, due to anomalies of the larynx (e. g. , laryngeal hypoplasia). 5p- syndrome affects an estimated 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 live births and is more common in females by a 4:3 ratio. 5p- syndrome characteristics Clinical features of this condition include: Biomedical characteristics: small head circumference (microcephaly), abnormally round face, high-arched or ogival palate, hypotonia, foot deformities, hearing (hypersensitivity to noise) and vision (strabismus) difficulties. Cognitive characteristics: intellectual disability, short attention span, delayed development, emotional dysregulation. Behavioral characteristics: difficulty in interacting with others, stereotypes and obsessive behavior. Communication characteristics: delay and difficulty in language acquisition; receptive language skills appear to be better than expressive language skills. Symptoms vary greatly among individuals with 5p- syndrome depending upon the size of the deleted genetic material. The Fundación Síndrome 5p- The Fundación Síndrome 5p-(5p- syndrome foundation) supports families of individuals with 5p- syndrome by offering therapies and counseling. It also conducts outreach and awareness-raising activities and supports research aimed at improving the quality of life of those affected and their families. The foundation’s professionals develop personalized intervention programs from a multidisciplinary approach for every individual. For this reason, the foundation’s team is...

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### Working with people with Down syndrome by age groups

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/working-with-people-with-down-syndrome-by-age-groups/
- Categories: Down syndrome, Testimonials
- Tags: Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Testimonial

The Down Syndrome Foundation of Cantabria explains the work they do with people with Down syndrome by age groups with NeuronUP. The Down Syndrome Foundation of Cantabria has been serving people with Down syndrome throughout the region since 1982. Based on the fundamental idea of respect for the person, its essential objective is to promote and carry out all activities which contribute to improving their living conditions, favoring their full integration into the family, school, work and all areas of society to which they may have access. We provide support to people with Down's syndrome and their families from the first days of life, and maintain it over the years through different programs. Furthermore, since its beginnings the Foundation has been studying, researching and designing programs and educational methods specifically designed for students with Down's syndrome, which have been applied both inside and outside Cantabria.   These initiatives have been joined by external programs and initiatives which we consider to be of special interest to them, such as the cognitive stimulation platform NeuronUP. The Down Syndrome Foundation of Cantabria has been using this tool since 2018. Our first contact with the platform took place at the Aura Foundation in Barcelona, through a multimedia presentation by Iñigo Fernández de Piérola, its director. After a few test sessions, it was decided to incorporate the platform into the working sessions of the different age groups served by our foundation. A girl using the NeuronUP activity for working on gnosis called Face Formation. Working with...

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### Down Syndrome as told by Down Las Palmas

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/down-syndrome/down-syndrome-as-told-by-down-las-palmas/
- Categories: Down syndrome, Testimonials
- Tags: Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Testimonial

The Down Syndrome Association of Las Palmas describes in this article the work they do to support people with Down syndrome and their experience using NeuronUP. What is Down syndrome? Down syndrome is a genetic alteration caused by the presence of an extra chromosome, thus disrupting the course of normal physical and intellectual development.  People with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two, and that is why this syndrome is also called trisomy 21. Down syndrome is not a disease. The development of children with Down syndrome is not, however, only the result of genes but, above all, of the environment and the support and stimulation they get throughout their lives. An adequate early intervention, as well as constant guidance and support can minimize their physical limitations and strengthen their intellectual capacities. Thus, people with Down syndrome can lead a fulfilling, normal and independent life. An estimated 34,000 people with Down syndrome live in Spain, putting the worldwide population at six million. Between 30% and 40% of people with intellectual disabilities have Down syndrome. Today, the average life expectancy of individuals with Down syndrome is 60 years. Down syndrome characteristics Health and medical issues In terms of physical and mental health, most people with Down syndrome are in good health and their average life expectancy is close to 60 years. This syndrome leads to some health problems that are sometimes mild, easily predictable and correctable, while at other times, they are more serious. Severity does not imply that conditions cannot...

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### Aging of people with Down syndrome

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/aging-of-people-with-down-syndrome/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Down Syndrome, Intellectual Disability, Testimonial

The Down Syndrome Association of Castellón explains in this article how they approach the aging of people with Down syndrome through NeuronUP. Down's Syndrome Association of Castellón's work This year marks 25 years since, in 1995, a group of parents decided to unite their desire to respond to the needs of people with Down syndrome and / or intellectual disabilities that, at that time, were not covered. Objectives From that moment on and throughout its 25-year history, the entity has pursued the following objectives: To promote cognitive, social and affective development that allows people with Down's syndrome and/or intellectual disability to achieve their full personal fulfillment. To make the rest of society aware of their reality, thus achieving their full inclusion. Defend educational inclusion, because not only do people with Down syndrome and/or intellectual disability benefit from it, but so do all their companions. Activate their inclusion in the workplace in order to achieve a positive and useful image of oneself and knowledge and respect for other people. To promote medical care, claiming their rights as a person. Services and Programs The Association has services and programs that contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the people we serve, such as: Attention to families. Psycho-pedagogical office. Workshop of adaptive skills and effective communication. School for siblings. Psychological attention. Summer school. Volunteer program. Leisure and free time. Aging program. Health and cognitive stimulation program. Aging of people with Down syndrome In recent decades we have seen that, thanks...

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### The caregiver&#8217;s identity in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/the-caregivers-identity-in-alzheimers-disease/
- Categories: Alzheimer's
- Tags: Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Caregiver, Elderly, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Identity is the set of characteristics that a person has and that distinguishes them from others. Without identity, we do not exist. This is what happens to the primary caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's: they do not exist. They do not exist because they are 100% committed to the care of completely dependent individuals who need them 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. People who care for patients with Alzheimer's have put their identities on hold to care for someone else's identity full time. Their identity waits for them to be back after having devoted themselves body and soul to other people, living their lives as best they can. It's not only, as most people think, that these caregivers can't have leisure time or don't have time to do the things they used to do, it's that they've left behind life as they knew it, and in many cases, they've given up their jobs to take care of their fathers, mothers or relatives. If they did, it was probably because they had no other choice. Preserving identity when you are the primary caregiver of a patient with Alzheimer's is not an easy task; we all give advice to them but never take a moment to consider whether these recommendations can actually be implemented. On average, a primary caregiver dedicates approximately 15 hours a day, 7 days a week to the patient, so it is difficult not to get exhausted and lose your identity. For this reason, World Alzheimer's Day should...

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### What is the neuropsychological profile that people with multiple sclerosis usually present?

- Published: 2024-07-22
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/what-is-the-neuropsychological-profile-that-people-with-multiple-sclerosis-usually-present/
- Categories: Multiple Sclerosis
- Tags: Cognitive Functions, Multiple Sclerosis

Conchi Moreno Rodríguez, a general health psychologist and neuropsychologist, discusses cognitive dysfunction and emotional regulation in people with multiple sclerosis in this post. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects young adults. Its symptomatology is diverse, including sensory, motor, visual, bladder, cognitive, emotional symptoms, and fatigue, among others. Specifically, neuropsychology focuses on cognitive dysfunction, which has a broad pattern, and aims to investigate and treat it, as it significantly influences the quality of life of these individuals. What is multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune, demyelinating disease characterized by the loss of myelin and axonal degeneration, leading to the development of multifocal lesions, known as plaques, in the CNS (Mahad, Trapp, and Lassmann, 2015; Mcalpine, 1973). Currently, several hypotheses about the etiology of the disease are still being considered; however, it remains unknown, but it seems likely that the origin is multifactorial, with significant influences from genetic predisposition and environmental factors (Arruti, Castillo-Triviño, Egüés, and Olascoaga, 2015; Briggs et al. , 2019). Multiple sclerosis is one of the leading causes of neurological disability among young adults, and its clinical manifestations typically occur between 20 and 40 years of age, being more frequent in women compared to men (3:1) (Kingwell et al. , 2013). What types of multiple sclerosis exist and what are their clinical characteristics? Phenotypes of multiple sclerosis Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): Characterized by the occurrence of defined relapses with partial or total recovery of symptoms. This phenotype is present in over 80% of the multiple...

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### Worksheet to work on sustained attention with children: The Missing Number

- Published: 2024-07-18
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/worksheet-for-working-on-sustained-attention-in-children-the-missing-number/
- Categories: Activities for Attention
- Tags: Attention, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Kids, NeuronUP News

Today we present you a new worksheet to work on sustained attention in children called The Missing Number. What does this worksheet to work on sustained attention with children consist of? This activity involves identifying the missing numbers to complete the sequence. Below, we show you a video of this children's activity to work on sustained attention: https://youtu. be/dyWBszGrK44 What does this activity work on? The aim of this worksheet is for children to find the missing numbers to complete a sequence. By performing this task we are training sustained attention, looking for children to maintain focus on the search for numbers for a prolonged period of time. As the level increases, the required attention maintenance time (sustained attention) also increases, as the sequences have a greater amount of numbers and more missing numbers. Application in daily life This activity is very beneficial for everyday situations, such as school tasks, which require an increase in attention time as we progress in our education. Levels of difficulty This activity is organized in five levels of difficulty: basic, easy, medium, hard, and advanced. As the level increases, the difficulty rises. Format This worksheet to work on sustained attention in children can be used both in digital and paper formats. Languages This activity is available to be worked on in different languages depending on its format. Users who want to take advantage of it in its digital version can find it in Spanish, English, French, Catalan, Italian, Norwegian, and Portuguese. Those who prefer the...

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### The importance of neurological physiotherapy in stroke patients

- Published: 2024-07-16
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/the-importance-of-neurological-physiotherapy-in-stroke-patients/
- Categories: Stroke
- Tags: Cognitive Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Stroke

Physiotherapist Alejandro Caraballo from NeuroFisio Sevilla explores in this article how physiotherapy can make a difference in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors and what to consider when choosing a physiotherapist. A stroke can change life in an instant, affecting basic functions like walking or speaking. Neurological physiotherapy is an essential tool for recovery, helping patients improve their quality of life. What is a stroke and why is it so devastating? A stroke is like someone turning off a switch in your brain. In a second, a part of your brain stops receiving oxygen and nutrients, which can cause permanent damage. There are two main types: Ischemic stroke, like a traffic jam in an artery. Hemorrhagic stroke, like a burst pipe in the brain. The emotional and physical impact of a stroke A stroke not only affects physically. Suddenly, you find yourself depending on others for simple tasks like dressing or eating. Paralysis, difficulty speaking, and loss of balance are common. And this not only affects the patient but also their family. This is where neurological physiotherapy comes in as a key ally that helps patients reclaim their lives. The key lies in time and quality: choose your physiotherapist wisely! The importance of the first six months Time is crucial in stroke recovery. The first six months are vital due to a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. This is the period when the brain has the highest capacity to reorganize and adapt after damage. It's like the brain has a window of...

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### Towards a neurodidactics of musical learning

- Published: 2024-07-09
- Modified: 2024-07-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/towards-a-neurodidactics-of-musical-learning/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: ASD, Cerebral Palsy, Disability, Down Syndrome, Inclusive Education, Kids, Testimonial

A neuropsychological approach in inclusive music education that introduces innovations in music education. In this article, musician and educator Ruben Montaldo D'Albora explores how music and neurodidactics can promote the development of cognitive skills in students with disabilities, integrating tools such as NeuronUP to enhance learning and cognitive rehabilitation. As a professional musician and educator with over 40 years of experience, the last 30 of which have been dedicated to specialized music education, I have developed the Uruguay Musical Accessibility Program, sponsored by UNESCO and UNICEF since 2013. This program has created the Stable Inclusive Orchestra, composed of students with ASD, Down syndrome, and cerebral palsy, alongside professional musicians. Based on my extensive experience, this article explores how the neurodidactics of musical learning can contribute to the stimulation and development of cognitive skills and executive functions in these students. The integration of the NeuronUP platform is also proposed as a valuable tool in this educational approach. Foundations of musical neurodidactics Musical neurodidactics combines principles of neuroscience and pedagogy to design teaching strategies that enhance the cognitive and emotional development of students. This approach is based on the premise that music not only enriches students' artistic lives but also has a significant impact on their intellectual and social development. Concept and relevance neurodidactics is based on understanding the neurological processes underlying learning. In the musical context, this involves designing activities that stimulate specific areas of the brain responsible for auditory perception, attention, memory, and executive functions. Musical practice can significantly improve...

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### Phonological awareness

- Published: 2024-07-02
- Modified: 2024-07-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/phonological-awareness/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Phonological Awareness

In this post, the general health psychologist and neuropsychologist Covadonga García San Nicolás Cantero explains the importance of phonological awareness. Phonological awareness (PA) is the capacity that allows us to be aware of the language structure, that is, how sounds are organized individually in the words we pronounce, not their meaning. It is a very important skill in literacy development. Some authors define phonological awareness as a metacognitive skill on one hand, as it involves a conscious reflection of oral language, and metalinguistic on the other, as it includes different dimensions of speech sound. Phonological awareness is a skill learned through a child's experiences and interactions during their development. Why is phonological awareness important? Phonological awareness is crucial in the literacy process, as thanks to it we can decode and break down words into phonemes, allowing us to manipulate sounds and facilitate the understanding of the relationship between sounds and letters consciously. Thus, good phonological awareness will enhance the learning of skills such as reading and writing. Having good phonological skills is also beneficial when encountering unfamiliar words for the first time and for morphosyntax, allowing for the study of words' functions and forms in a more appropriate way. Moreover, both the development of phonological awareness and the literacy process are essential for personal, social, and intellectual development. What are the components of phonological awareness? Before discussing the components of PA, it is important to note that it does not involve spelling or a graphic symbol, that is, one does...

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### Clinical neuropsychology in prematurity and neurodevelopment

- Published: 2024-06-11
- Modified: 2024-06-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/clinical-neuropsychology-in-prematurity-and-neurodevelopment/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Neuropsychology

In this post, the psychologist and international expert on Alzheimer's and other dementias, Cristian Francisco Liébanas Vega, talks about prematurity and neuropsychological rehabilitation in premature babies. Prematurity is a serious problem for both the newborn (NB) and their family, as it is associated with high morbidity at birth and a high risk of future disabilities. The number of children born prematurely and their survival has significantly increased in recent decades due to advances in obstetric and neonatal care. Reducing mortality without increasing morbidity and sequelae is one of the most important challenges of Perinatal Medicine (Rodrigo et al. , 2014). Premature birth or preterm birth is when delivery occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. Prematurity can be classified into different groups based on the gestational age at which the birth occurs or by the baby's weight since these parameters are usually related in these children. The lower the gestational age and birth weight, the higher the likelihood of complications arising from prematurity, the higher the risk of death and developmental sequelae. There are some variables for classifying prematurity, such as gestational age or birth weight achieved. Based on gestational age, premature babies are classified as follows: Late preterm: born between weeks 34+0 and 36+6. Moderate preterm: born between weeks 32+0 and 33+6. Very preterm: born between weeks 28+0 and 31+6. Extreme preterm: born before 28 weeks. Based on birth weight, premature babies are classified as follows: Low birth weight: less than 2500 grams. Very low birth weight: between 1000 and 1500...

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### Traumatic brain injury and its neuropsychological rehabilitation in executive functions

- Published: 2024-06-11
- Modified: 2024-06-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/traumatic-brain-injury-and-its-neuropsychological-rehabilitation-in-executive-functions/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Brain Injury

The neuropsychology specialist María Teresa explains in this article what is traumatic brain injury and its neuropsychological rehabilitation in executive functions. What are Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)? It is defined as an alteration in brain functioning caused by an external force (Menon, Schwab, Wright, and Maas, 2010). Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a critical public health problem, both due to their high mortality rates and the disabilities experienced by patients who survive, manifesting difficulties at: cognitive, emotional, family, social, work-related levels, Affecting their quality of life (Arango-Lasprilla, Quijano, and Cuervo, 2010; Corrigan, Selassie, and Orman, 2010; García-Rudolph and Gibert, 2015; Park et al. , 2015; Santana et al. , 2015). In neuropsychology, rehabilitation programs are designed from a cognitive approach, as it is considered that improving the mental capacity of traumatic brain injury patients has a direct effect on their functionality. Types of traumatic brain injury (TBI): Open TBIs: Open traumatic brain injuries occur when there is a fracture or perforation of the cranial vault, causing a wound in the brain tissue and exposing or leaving the brain mass in contact with the air. Closed TBIs: Closed traumatic brain injuries only affect the brain tissue (León-Carrión, 1995). Both types of trauma usually result in a focal and a diffuse impact. The first corresponds to the injury generated at the site of the brain that received the impact. The second is one that does not occupy a well-defined volume within the intracranial compartment but, like the focal injury, causes neurological sequelae (González, Pueyo,...

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### Tips and activities to improve attention

- Published: 2024-06-11
- Modified: 2024-06-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/tips-and-activities-to-improve-attention/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: Attention, Cognitive Stimulation

In this post, the licensed general psychologist Anna Canals Francés offers a series of tips to improve our attention capacity, differentiating between the different types of attention that exist. We could say that attention is the ability to filter out distractions and focus on truly relevant information. In other words, it is what allows us to concentrate on a specific task while ignoring all the stimuli that may be present in our environment (noises, people, images, etc. ). Nowadays, we are surrounded by many stimuli, we are constantly connected, and many of us have even integrated multitasking as part of our lives. Therefore, in terms of attention, we are making a great effort, and it's easy for errors to occur. How can we improve attention? There are several strategies to increase attention level and performance in all areas. One of the most effective methods is undoubtedly through exercises and specific tasks aimed at improving attention. However, there are also other methods that can help us achieve this: Controlling environmental conditions: Having an organized study or work area, with good lighting and the necessary materials within our reach, allows us to have fewer distractions. Ideally, we should be in a place where there are no frequent interruptions from other people or noises, although we know that in many jobs or some homes, this is not always possible. In these cases, having earplugs for those moments when we need complete attention can be very helpful. Special attention should also be given to mobile...

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### What is frontotemporal dementia and how does it affect?

- Published: 2024-06-11
- Modified: 2024-06-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/what-is-frontotemporal-dementia-and-how-does-it-affect/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Dementia, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Manuel Cassinello Marco, a specialist psychiatrist in neuropsychiatry and psychologist, explains in this article how frontotemporal dementia affects us. Although when we think of dementia, Alzheimer's disease usually comes to mind, the truth is that there are many other types of neurodegenerative conditions. These conditions have in common a progressive atrophy in different parts of the brain. Among these, we can find frontotemporal dementia. It is important to recognize the symptoms in order to seek professionals who can start rehabilitative treatment as early as possible. Degeneration and frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia or Pick's disease refers to a clinical syndrome in which the predominant clinical features consist of personality changes associated with behavioral alterations, language impairments, and cognitive decline. However, it is important to differentiate it from frontotemporal degeneration. The latter only refers to the existence of atrophy limited to the anterior prefrontal and temporal lobes. In other words, there can be atrophy without associated clinical dementia. Frontotemporal dementia, also known as Pick's disease, is named after its discoverer, Arnold Pick. It is characterized by the presence of Pick bodies, which are groups of damaged neurons due to the deposition and impossibility of elimination of the so-called tau protein. It is also associated with a related phenomenon known as gliosis, which results in a scar-like lesion. Symptoms of frontotemporal dementia When we refer to frontotemporal dementia, it is important to note that we are not referring to a single clinical picture, but rather to different entities that share common brain lesions...

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### Frontotemporal dementia: what is it, types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

- Published: 2024-06-11
- Modified: 2024-06-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/frontotemporal-dementia-what-is-it-types-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Dementia, Neurodegenerative Diseases

The expert in neuropsychology, Cristina Troyano Jiménez, explains in this article what frontotemporal dementia is, its types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. What is frontotemporal dementia? Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a dementia with a lower incidence that affects younger people (40-65 years old). It is the second leading cause of presenile dementia, with the affected areas being the frontal and temporal lobes (which atrophy). The most common symptoms are related to behavior and personality. Patients with frontotemporal dementia can become challenging to manage. They may cause numerous conflicts due to personality changes, even resulting in clashes with others, including their family members. Human brain Types of frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal dementia affects the frontal and temporal lobes, leading to atrophy of these areas. Unlike other dementias, it causes changes in behavior, language and speech problems, and in some cases, movement disorders. 1. Frontotemporal dementia with behavioral problems These patients experience personality changes. Their behavior is affected, showing emotional alterations that can range from being highly agitated to complete inhibition unless prompted to move. Among the personality changes, we find disinhibition and increasingly inappropriate behaviors: Neglecting personal hygiene. Increased interest in sex, sometimes developing Klüver-Bucy syndrome (increased interest in sex, lip-smacking, and putting objects in the mouth). More frequent use of obscene language. Engaging in repetitive behaviors. Becoming more impulsive or compulsive. 2. Frontotemporal dementia with aphasia In these cases, language is primarily affected, leading to difficulties in speaking, communicating, reading, writing, and understanding. Language impairments begin with problems such as word-finding...

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### Clinical neuropsychology in the evaluation and preparation for awake neurosurgery

- Published: 2024-06-10
- Modified: 2024-06-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/clinical-neuropsychology-in-the-evaluation-and-preparation-for-awake-neurosurgery/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Neuropsychology

In this post, psychologist Cristian Francisco Liébanas Vega talks about the intraoperative brain mapping technique and its contributions to disease diagnosis. Intraoperative brain mapping is a specialized technique used during brain surgery to optimize the balance between tumor removal and preservation of important brain functions. This technique is mainly used in patients with tumors or lesions located near important functional brain regions such as language, movement, vision, and emotions. The main objective of intraoperative brain mapping is to identify and avoid critical brain areas during tumor removal. How is the study of brain mapping performed? The study of intraoperative brain mapping is carried out using electrodes to stimulate different parts of the brain while the patient is awake. During the procedure, different language, movement, visual field, and emotion expression tasks specifically designed for each patient by neuropsychologists are performed. These tasks allow neurosurgeons and clinical neuropsychologists to assess the patient's responses and create a personalized map of brain areas with functions to preserve. This functional map is compared with the anatomical map of the tumor obtained through intraoperative ultrasound and neuronavigation, allowing for a better understanding of higher brain functions and the performance of surgical resections with a lower risk of neurological damage. Diseases detectable through brain mapping In addition to brain tumors, brain mapping can also be used in the diagnosis and treatment of other neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and movement disorders. Intraoperative brain mapping can provide crucial information about the brain areas responsible for seizures in patients...

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### Understanding dysgraphia

- Published: 2024-06-10
- Modified: 2024-06-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/dysgraphia/understanding-dysgraphia/
- Categories: Dysgraphia
- Tags: Children, Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Covadonga García San Nicolás Cantero, a general health psychologist and neuropsychologist, explains in this article all the necessary information to correctly understand what dysgraphia entails. Dysgraphia is a specific learning disorder related to a difficulty in writing that affects a person's academic performance and daily life. What is dysgraphia? There are differences among authors in defining dysgraphia, but all agree on emphasizing that the existing difficulty is related to graphism or graphomotor skills, not to spelling and/or syntactic rules. These children do not have problems with overall body movement planning, but they do find it challenging to coordinate the hand or arm when writing in an orderly manner. The DSM-5 specifies that these complications are not due to inadequate teaching, neurological and/or mental disorders, uncorrected auditory or visual disorders, psychosocial difficulties, or intellectual disabilities. Causes of dysgraphia According to its origin, dysgraphia can be acquired or developmental: Acquired: When a person initially has no difficulties in writing ability but, due to a brain injury, loses their writing skill. Developmental: When early stimulation of the child has not been sufficient to learn to write. In dysgraphia, various skills or abilities can be affected. Some of these abilities include: Fine motor skills: Some affected capacities in dysgraphia are related to motor planning, visuomotor coordination or eye-hand coordination, and graphomotor skills. Executive functions: Linked to the ability to retain and manipulate information (working memory) which can affect organization and planning when writing. Processes related to drafting, revising, and editing what is written may...

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### Neuropsychology of schizophrenia

- Published: 2024-06-10
- Modified: 2024-06-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/neuropsychology-of-schizophrenia/
- Categories: Schizophrenia
- Tags: Mental Health, Schizophrenia

Rafael A. Salas Muriel, PhD in psychology, explains in this article, from a neuropsychological perspective, what schizophrenia is, its symptoms, types, and how clinical neuropsychology and neuropsychological rehabilitation can contribute to the treatment of this clinical condition, as well as improve the quality of life for those who suffer from it. What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a chronic and serious mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by a combination of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, along with cognitive dysfunctions and problems in social functioning. This disorder can cause significant impairment in a person's ability to function well in daily life, as well as for the family and friends surrounding the individual. One of the most prominent aspects of schizophrenia is the psychotic symptoms, which can include visual or auditory hallucinations (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) where the person perceives stimuli that do not exist in reality, and delusions, which are false or irrational beliefs that persist despite contrary evidence. These symptoms can be highly incapacitating and confusing, both for the person experiencing them and for their environment. In addition to psychotic symptoms, schizophrenia is also associated with a series of cognitive dysfunctions, such as memory impairment, attentional disturbances, and executive dysfunction. These issues can hinder a person's ability to process information, make decisions, and carry out daily tasks effectively. Later on, we will examine in detail what these symptoms consist of. Social functioning is also affected by schizophrenia. Difficulties in maintaining interpersonal relationships, participating...

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### What is the relationship between ADHD and dyslexia?

- Published: 2024-06-10
- Modified: 2024-06-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/what-is-the-relationship-between-adhd-and-dyslexia/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ADHD, Dyslexia, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

In this article, early intervention specialist speech therapist Marta Chans Sánchez explains the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, two frequently comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. We will focus on models that support shared neural bases and cognitive deficits, where intervention will have many common points. There seems to be consensus among the scientific community that comorbidity of symptoms and deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders is not the exception but the norm (Boada et al. , 2012; Ijeoma and Chinelo, 2019). It is important to know how we can help children with ADHD and dyslexia, and the main aspect to highlight is that the comorbidity of these two disorders exacerbates some of the deficits. This is the case with executive functions, orthographic recognition, reading accuracy and speed, as well as an increase in errors in symbol recognition and general omission errors. Fundamental principles in ADHD and dyslexia intervention Before addressing the intervention points that are more aggravated in individuals with ADHD and dyslexia, we must understand the most important fundamental principles for establishing interventions. According to Prigatano: We must start the intervention by focusing on the patient's subjective and phenomenological experience to reduce their frustrations and involve them in the rehabilitation process. The patient's symptomatology is a combination of cognitive and personality characteristics that we must consider when designing the intervention. Each rehabilitation program must be dynamic, with permanent changes to meet the patient's needs. Awareness of the deficit is highly relevant and can influence the overall success of the treatment...

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### Lewy body disease

- Published: 2024-06-07
- Modified: 2024-06-07
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/lewy-body-disease/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Elderly, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Irma Otero Vázquez, a healthcare psychologist and therapist, delves into Lewy body disease, assigning great importance to its symptomatology and differences compared to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's associated dementia. The increase in population life expectancy has led to a rise in the incidence and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Lewy body dementia is a significant factor behind much of this issue, making it essential to understand and treat it to reduce the socioeconomic and personal costs associated with it. What are Lewy bodies? Lewy bodies are abnormal accumulations of the alpha-synuclein protein generated in the nervous system at cortical and subcortical levels. It has been demonstrated that abnormalities in this protein lead to neuronal dysfunction or, in some cases, neuronal death. This results in a significant reduction of dopamine, cholinergic pathology, and dysfunctions in other neurotransmitters, giving rise to specific symptomatology. Therefore, disorders with this etiology are termed alpha-synucleinopathies (Prasad et al. , 2023). Neurodegenerative/dementia diseases can be classified based on various criteria, one of which is molecular pathology (Kovacs, 2017), encompassing alpha-synucleinopathies and consequently Lewy bodies. Lewy body disease The concept of Lewy body disease has recently been proposed to encompass a group of alpha-synucleinopathies that present these formations due to clinical and pathological overlap among disorders (Menšíková et al. , 2022). Thus, the following clinical-pathological entities are identified: Parkinson's disease. Lewy body dementia. Multiple system atrophy. Additionally, under the label of Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease dementia and Lewy body dementia can be included (Walker et al. , 2015). Therefore, precise terminology will...

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### The invisibility of autism in girls, teenagers and women

- Published: 2024-06-06
- Modified: 2024-06-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/the-invisibility-of-autism-in-girls-teenagers-and-women/
- Categories: ASD
- Tags: Autism Spectrum Disorder

In this post, general health psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist Raquel Hernández Becerra discusses the problem faced by girls diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) level 1. Throughout my professional career, I have observed how difficult it is for many psychology professionals to reach a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) when the child has level 1 autism. But if it is a girl who presents symptoms of level 1 autism, the invisibility is almost total unless you are an expert in the field. Therefore, the families of these girls go through endless journeys with different professionals in the healthcare system, receiving different incorrect diagnoses or simply being told that "nothing is wrong". Autistic symptoms in women When we talk about autism, we usually have an image of a boy rather than a girl since there is a higher number of boys diagnosed with autism compared to girls, as autistic symptoms are much more evident in boys than in girls. When we talk about autistic symptoms, we must consider the difficulties in social skills, communication, restricted interests, and/or repetitive or stereotyped movements. There are different studies that have clearly shown the differences in autistic symptoms within level 1 between women and men. Social skills Girls and women with autism are better at using social gestures and social smiles, and they are more effective in establishing social relationships with their peers when compared to boys with ASD because the interests and play activities of girls with autism are similar to those of...

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### How new technologies produce benefits in cognitive treatments for multiple sclerosis patients

- Published: 2024-05-17
- Modified: 2024-05-17
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/how-new-technologies-produce-benefits-in-cognitive-treatments-for-multiple-sclerosis-patients/
- Categories: Multiple Sclerosis
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Multiple Sclerosis

Yolanda Virué Lapuente, an occupational therapist with clinical experience in the management of adults with Multiple Sclerosis, shows us in this article what the most effective interventions can be, with greater adherence and optimal duration, with the use of new technologies applied to cognitive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis. What is multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease, whose target is the myelin of the central nervous system, which is damaged by the formation of plaques or inflammatory lesions that subsequently lead to scarring (gliosis) and consequent demyelination, causing the signs and symptoms of the disease. Although multiple hypotheses have been considered, the cause of the disease is not known with certainty. Attempts have been made to look for the origin of the causes and development of this disease in environmental factors, viral factors, genetic basis and immunological factors, without yet finding a clear and objective answer. Demyelination affects multiple locations of the central nervous system, leaving plaques of sclerosis in the white matter, hence the name multiple sclerosis. This demyelination process produces an alteration in the jumping conduction of the myelinated pathways, slowing and even blocking the conduction of the nerve impulse. Epidemiology The most recent prevalence studies indicate that the detection of multiple sclerosis has increased considerably worldwide in recent decades. In United States, multiple sclerosis affects about 1. 000. 000 people, being a region with a medium-high prevalence of the disease throughout its geography. In Europe the figure is around 770,000 and, in the...

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### Cerebrovascular accident or CVA: types and possible sequelae

- Published: 2024-05-16
- Modified: 2024-07-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/cerebrovascular-accident-or-cva-types-and-possible-sequelae/
- Categories: Stroke
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Brain, Executive Functions

CVA has become a true pandemic. Figures suggest that it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the major cause of disability in the adult population. This article aims to provide information about what a stroke is, what types of stroke exist and what the possible sequelae are. What is a cerebrovascular accident or CVA? According to the World Health Organization, a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also called stroke, is the interruption of blood flow to the brain. It is usually caused by the rupture or obstruction of a vessel that cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, producing brain damage that, temporarily or permanently, alters the functioning of one or more areas of the brain. In recent years, the prevalence of mortality has increased; however, the disability generated is greater than the deaths caused by this entity. A high percentage of these cases is preventable, with early incidence of modifiable risk factors. Some of the risk factors are: age, arterial hypertension (AHT), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and sedentary lifestyle. Among these, age is the most frequent risk factor, with adults over 50 years of age being the most vulnerable population. It is then followed by HTN (Carnés-Vendrell, Deus-Yela, Molina-Seguin, Pifarré-Paredero, & Purroy, 2016) . In this regard, there is a group of people with a special predisposition to develop this cardiovascular disease. Therefore, self-care, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can help prevent stroke and reduce the damage caused by the injury. Types...

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### The importance of working on executive functions to improve emotional self-regulation in young people

- Published: 2024-04-02
- Modified: 2024-04-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/the-importance-of-working-on-executive-functions-to-improve-emotional-self-regulation-in-young-people/
- Categories: Executive Functions
- Tags: Emotional Regulation, Executive Functions

The psychologist Analí Naranjo García explores in this article the importance of focusing on the development of executive functions as a means to improve emotional self-regulation in children and adolescents, analyzing both the biological basis of these abilities and their influence on the self-regulation process. To better understand this concept, we can imagine our body like the cars of a train, where a main driver controls the movement, braking, and direction of all the other cars. Similarly, our brain operates with the so-called "executive functions. " These skills, according to Muriel Lezak (1989), are defined as "the mental abilities that allow the formulation of goals and the necessary planning to carry out effective, creative, and socially acceptable behavior. " What role do executive functions play in emotional self-regulation? Emotional self-regulation, defined as the ability to manage emotions in such a way that appropriate and adaptive behaviors are expressed in emotionally intense situations, emerges as a crucial component in psychological well-being. Furthermore, it has been shown that emotional self-regulation acts as a protective factor against anxiety and depression. Now, in relation to what was explained in the previous paragraph, all the actions that allow us to make informed decisions, act with caution, and control the intensity of our reactions have their origin in the development of executive functions. Therefore, skills such as response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and planning will be essential to respond in a more adaptive way to the different emotions we experience. Emotional regulation is much more than recognizing and controlling...

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### Understanding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses

- Published: 2024-03-13
- Modified: 2024-03-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/understanding-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-and-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-diagnoses/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ADHD, ASD, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Ilse Andrea Carranza Ramírez, a teacher and clinical psychologist specialized in child and adolescent psychotherapy, neuropsychology, and ASD (autism spectrum disorder), provides us with her knowledge about the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in this article. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals from an early age and manifests differently in each person. Characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behavior patterns, and limited interests, ASD is frequently associated with concurrent medical conditions, according to the definition proposed by the Domus Autism Institute in 2018. Diagnosing ASD is based on specific criteria, such as those established in the DSM-5. This manual provides a clear and evidence-based guide to identifying the distinctive characteristics of autism, facilitating an appropriate approach to treatment and support. Some of these characteristics include social difficulties, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, communication problems, and sensory sensitivities. Social difficulties: they may have trouble relating to others, interpreting social cues, making friends, or maintaining intimate relationships. Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors: they may have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors that provide them with a sense of comfort and security. Communication problems: they may struggle to understand nuances of non-verbal language, such as tone, volume, and inflection of voice. They may also have difficulties initiating and maintaining conversations. Sensory sensitivities: they may be hypersensitive or hyposensitive to sensory stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, and smell. Who diagnoses ASD? This is a question that many...

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### The wonderful world of neurodiversity

- Published: 2024-03-11
- Modified: 2024-03-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/the-wonderful-world-of-neurodiversity/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neurodiversity, Neuroscience

Neuropsychologist Diana Carolina Gomez Blanco brings us closer to the concept of neurodiversity in this article. In recent years, a concept has emerged in the realms of autism associations and other neurodivergences that is changing the paradigm through which we usually understand disability, as well as the so-called neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. This concept questions whether there really is such a thing as a "normal" brain. In this regard, humans have developed standards and exact measurements. For example, in the basement of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) headquarters in Sevres, France, there is a piece of metal that represents the worldwide standard for the kilogram, and all kilo measurements are calibrated and weighed against this prototype, which is highly guarded. However, there is no such standard for the human brain. Currently, there is no preserved organ in any museum used as the measurement standard for what is considered normal or abnormal, despite attempts over the years to standardize human behavior and cognition based on different case studies. There have been models suggesting that brain weight was equivalent to intelligence, the popularization of intelligence tests for classification, or the postulation of psychiatric classifications for behaviors that deviate from the expected standard. Nevertheless, thanks to advances in neuroscience studies, it has been understood that determining what is normal or abnormal is not as straightforward. How true is it that what we now know as disorders may not be exactly that? (Armstrong, 2015, pp. 1-4). What is Neurodiversity - Neurodiversity...

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### Speech therapy rehabilitation in people with aphasia

- Published: 2024-03-11
- Modified: 2024-03-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/speech-therapy-rehabilitation-in-people-with-aphasia/
- Categories: Language
- Tags: Aphasia, Language, Speech Therapy

Laura Carbonero Sancho, a speech therapist with clinical experience in the treatment of adults with neurological disorders, explains in this article what aphasia is and the characteristics of each of its clinical profiles, while referring to speech therapy intervention methods. What is aphasia? Every year, an average of 4. 5 million survivors of a stroke who have aphasia are estimated. According to the National Aphasia Association (NAA), aphasia is defined as the result of a stroke or brain injury that affects a person's ability to communicate. In other cases, the gradual onset of a communication disorder with a neurological etiology is called Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). Clinical profiles Over the years, a classification of aphasia has been defined, which includes specific linguistic impairments that, according to the localizationist theory, correspond to the location of the brain lesion. Types of aphasia The National Aphasia Association (NAA) describes some characteristics of the types of aphasia: Global aphasia: severe communication impairment. Broca's aphasia (non-fluent): language production is reduced, with numerous limitations in word access and/or production. Non-fluent mixed aphasia: in addition to difficulties in language production, there are also impairments in language comprehension. Wernicke's aphasia (fluent): characterized by incoherent jargon. Severe difficulties in comprehension. Anomic aphasia: characterized by difficulty finding words. It often leads to frustration and results in a speech that is full of circumlocutions. Primary progressive aphasia: progressive deterioration of language skills. Aphasia Types. Source: www. aphasia. org In addition, it proposes a communication severity scale based on the difficulties presented by each person...

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### Brief historical review of ADHD and its impact on executive functioning

- Published: 2024-02-26
- Modified: 2024-02-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/brief-historical-review-of-adhd-and-its-impact-on-executive-functioning/
- Categories: ADHD
- Tags: ADHD, Executive Functions, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The psychologist, professor, researcher, and master's degree holder in human development and education, Carolina Robledo Castro, offers us in this article a brief overview of the history of ADHD and how it affects the executive functioning of those who suffer from it. What is ADHD? Currently, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the clinically endorsed term to refer to a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behaviors of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (APA, 2013). However, this concept remains a developing psychological construct, which has undergone different conceptions and approaches over the decades and will surely continue to evolve. Clinical evolution of ADHD Alexander Crichton The first clinical approaches to what we now know as ADHD can be observed since the 17th century when the physician Alexander Crichton, based on various clinical observations, published a work titled "On Attention and its Diseases," describing a condition characterized by the inability to sustain attention to any object accompanied by constant motor restlessness, which he called mental agitation, resembling the current description of ADHD (Lange, 2010). Heinrich Hoffmann References to ADHD manifestations can also be found in the writings of physician Heinrich Hoffmann in 1844. Hoffmann wrote a series of illustrated stories describing the impulsive and inattentive behavior of a child he named "Struwwelpeter," stories based on his own observations of his son (Filomeno, 2007). While Hoffmann's approach was not clinical, the story of Struwwelpeter is often used as an allegory for ADHD (Lange, 2010). George Frederic Still In the field of pediatrics, one of the...

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### Broca&#8217;s and Wernicke&#8217;s Areas

- Published: 2024-02-22
- Modified: 2024-02-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/brocas-and-wernickes-areas/
- Categories: Language
- Tags: Aphasia, Language

The neuropsychologist Andrea Cristina Alvarado Rodas explains in this article where Broca's area and Wernicke's area are located and their function. She also explains the characteristics of Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. Language is the tool used by human beings to communicate. It is closely related to thinking and often works in conjunction, although they involve different abilities. Language is represented in multiple areas of the brain and depends on the integrated work of multiple cortical and subcortical zones. Brain injuries affecting these regions can cause language impairments. Anatomical foundations of language In the mid-19th century, the anatomical foundations of language were established, based mainly on the studies of Broca and Wernicke, who proposed that language is associated with the activity of three regions of the left hemisphere: The posterior region of the frontal lobe. The superior segment of the temporal lobe. The insula. In the early 20th century, Dejerine integrated clinical-anatomical observations available at the time and proposed the existence of a "Language Area," which includes: Broca's area (third frontal convolution). Wernicke's area (the posterior segment of the first convolution of the temporal lobe). A "Written Language Center" (the angular convolution). It was not until the late 20th century when Dronkers indicated that the insula represents a critical brain region in coordinating complex articulatory movements (speech praxis). The proposal of the existence of a language area corresponding to the perisylvian region of the left hemisphere was almost unanimously accepted and solidly integrated into the field of Neurology and Aphasiology... .

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### New pre-reading activity for children: Rotated Letters

- Published: 2024-02-21
- Modified: 2024-02-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/new-pre-reading-activity-for-children-rotated-letters/
- Categories: Activities for Language
- Tags: Attention, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Kids, Kids, Language, NeuronUP News, Visuospatial Skills

Today we present a new generator to work on pre-reading in children called Rotated Letters. What does this activity to work on pre-reading in children consist of? The children will have to look for the indicated letter among a group of rotated letters and point out those that are the same as the requested model, regardless of whether the letter is rotated or not. There are letters that are very easy to recognize and distinguish from others without problems, but there are cases in which it is not so easy, and less so when they are rotated (for example a/e, V/Y or s/z). The following is an example of the activity Rotated Letters to work on pre-reading with kids: https://youtu. be/qrJWcWJEb_Y? si=1hoQkWzmKB-uqgfA What does this activity work on? This pre-reading exercise works: Visuospatial skills: a great variety of letters are presented and the child has to analyze each one of them in order to mentally rotate them until he/she is able to identify the letters that are the same as those of the model. Attention: the child must be able to correctly identify the letters similar to the model, ignoring the rest of the distracting letters. Activity customization Customized stages can be created to suit the patient's specific needs. Parameters In this generator we will be able to define some parameters of the activity such as: Number of elements Presentation Number of target S Help Letter options General features You will be able to choose other general features such as: Operation Maximum time Inactivity warning Instructions Show timer...

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### Worksheet to work on place orientation with kids: Organize Your House

- Published: 2024-02-21
- Modified: 2024-10-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-orientation/worksheet-to-work-on-place-orientation-with-kids-organize-your-house/
- Categories: Activities for Orientation
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Kids, Kids, NeuronUP News, Orientation

Today we present you a new worksheet to work on place orientation with kids called Organize Your House. What does this activity to work on place orientation in kids consist of? This activity consists of locating where in the house various objects would be. The following is an example of the activity Organize Your House to work on place orientation with kids: https://youtu. be/PktI3ODhNHw? si=xjAPyYToM9751SUD What does this activity work on? In this worksheet we work on place orientation. Application in daily life By working on this task we help children to: Find their way around the house. Know where it is logical to place each thing: both in case they have to look for it and to place it. Categorize. Relate things by utility. Levels of difficulty This activity is organized in four levels of difficulty: basic, easy, medium and difficult. As the level increases, the difficulty increases. Adult version Organize Your House is the children's version of the adult activity Household Objects, in which the patients have to locate where various objects would be in the house. Languages This worksheet can be worked on in digital format in Spanish, English, French, and Portuguese and on paper in Spanish and English. If you liked this worksheet to work on place orientation with kids, you may be interested in these NeuronUP posts:

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### Raven&#8217;s test: what it is and how to interpret the Raven&#8217;s Progressive Matrices Test

- Published: 2024-02-05
- Modified: 2024-02-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/neuropsychological-testing/ravens-test-what-it-is-and-how-to-interpret-the-ravens-progressive-matrices-test/
- Categories: Neuropsychological Testing
- Tags: Neuropsychological Testing

In this article, clinical neuropsychologist and Director of Espai Neurològic, Anna Curto, explains what the Raven test consists of and how to interpret the results of the Raven Progressive Matrices test. What is the Raven test and what does it measure? If you wonder what the Raven test is and what it is used for, the Raven test is a psychometric test that involves completing matrices by choosing from various available options. With this apparently simple task, the eductive capacity of the person being evaluated is evaluated, thus being able to obtain a score of the respondent's ability to reason and solve complex problems. Example similar to the Raven's test, where the evaluee must identify which is the missing figure. Origin of the test This test has gone through various names and versions. The first of them dates back to 1938 when it was published under the name Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. The idea has not varied in its different versions, but it has been reviewed and adapted to different populations. The latest published version is the Raven’s 2, dating back to 2019. The Raven matrices were designed to evaluate the "G Factor" of intelligence, estimated as the ability to solve complex problems through intellectual reasoning without language interference, thus without influence from the educational and cultural background of the individual. What does the Raven test consist of? As specified in the manual of Raven's 2 in its latest version, the test consists of a series of universal and identifiable...

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### Game to work on episodic memory with adults: Remember the Names

- Published: 2024-01-30
- Modified: 2024-01-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/game-to-work-on-episodic-memory-with-adults-remember-the-names/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Adults, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Adults, Memory, NeuronUP News

Today we present you a new game to work on episodic memory with adults called Remember the Names. What does this activity to work on episodic memory in adults consist of? This activity consists of memorizing the names of the people shown. The following is an example of the activity Remember the Names to work on episodic memory with adults: Game to work on episodic memory with adults: Remember the Names. What does this activity work on? In this game we work on episodic memory. The patient must exercise the mind to memorize the names of different people of all ages. Application in daily life Being able to retain the names of the people around us is fundamental for social interaction. One of the big problems seen when cognitive impairment begins is the loss of this ability. Therefore, it is essential to practice and create various mnemonic strategies to achieve a better memory and face-name association. Levels of difficulty The game is divided by stages. Stage 1 being the easiest and stage 9 the most difficult. The patient will automatically level up or down according to his successes or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the stage manually. Activity customization Moreover, customized stages can be created to suit the patient's specific needs. Parameters In this game we will be able to define some parameters of the activity such as: number of elements, similarity between elements maximum errors. Adaptability In adaptability, you can select whether you want the movement of the garments to be draggable or...

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### Neuropsychological rehabilitation in older adults with dementia: Experience in a day care center with NeuronUP

- Published: 2024-01-29
- Modified: 2024-01-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-in-older-adults-with-dementia-experience-in-a-day-care-center-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Dementia, Elderly, Testimonial

The neuropsychologist, Claudia Mayza, tells us about her experience in the center Caldevid Geriatric in neuropsychological rehabilitation in older adults with dementia. This text aims to promote research and the use of new technologies in the approach to dementia. In recent years, there has been an increase in both the population pyramid and the life expectancy of older adults, leading to a closer look at lifestyle, related diseases, and the scope of the healthcare system. The World Health Organization estimates that worldwide, between 5% and 8% of the population over 60 years old have been diagnosed with dementia. In 2015, at least 47 million people suffered from dementia, and statistical projections indicate that this disease will affect 75 million people by 2030 and 131 million people by 2050. According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2020), the majority of people with dementia are taken care of at home, increasing mortality rates for both individuals with dementia and their caregivers and/or family members. In addition, many countries lack adequate care in long-term care facilities or institutions, which generates an economic impact. In 2010, the estimated cost of treating and caring for people with dementia was $604 billion worldwide and $235. 8 billion in the countries of the Americas, with a significant portion of this economic burden being shouldered by families. What is neuropsychological rehabilitation? Neuropsychological rehabilitation is defined as a structured set of therapeutic activities specially designed to retrain the skills of individuals who have suffered some form of cognitive deficit...

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### Caring for People with Aphasia: Crucial Guidelines for Caregivers

- Published: 2024-01-29
- Modified: 2024-01-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/caring-for-people-with-aphasia-crucial-guidelines-for-caregivers/
- Categories: Language
- Tags: Aphasia, Caregiver, Language

The speech therapist specializing in neurological disorders Valeria Bondarenko Gabets explains in this article how to help a person with aphasia through a caregiver's guide. It provides guidelines for caregivers of people with aphasia and emphasizes the behaviors that should be avoided. Aphasia, a condition that affects communication ability, can present unique challenges for both affected individuals and their caregivers. As a caregiver, your role is essential in providing emotional support and facilitating communication. Caregiver-patient relationship Maintaining a strong relationship between the caregiver and the patient, despite the communication difficulties associated with aphasia, not only improves the patient's quality of life but also enriches the caregiver's experience. Patience, understanding, and mutual commitment are fundamental pillars for overcoming communication challenges and cultivating an environment of continuous support. In these situations, building trust is fundamental. A solid relationship based on trust allows the patient to feel secure in expressing their thoughts and needs, contributing to more effective communication. We must not forget that aphasia not only affects verbal communication but can also generate frustration and anxiety. A solid caregiver-patient relationship involves reciprocal emotional support. The caregiver acts as a beacon of support, providing comfort and understanding, while the patient feels emotionally supported. Patience and empathy We must always keep in mind the need to foster patience and empathy. Patience and empathy are crucial components of an effective caregiver-patient relationship in cases of aphasia. By understanding the patient's difficulties, the caregiver can cultivate an environment of mutual understanding, thus facilitating the overcoming of...

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### Neuropsychology of aphasia from a process model: Broca&#8217;s aphasia and Wernicke&#8217;s aphasia

- Published: 2024-01-24
- Modified: 2024-01-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/neuropsychology-of-aphasia-from-a-process-model-brocas-aphasia-and-wernickes-aphasia/
- Categories: Language
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Aphasia, Brain Injury, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Language

The neuropsychopedagogue Juan Carlos Cancelado Rey explains in this article the neuropsychology of aphasias from a processing model, focusing on the definition, characteristics, symptoms, and affected processes of Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. Neuropsychology of aphasias from a processing model: "I never thought that speaking would be so difficult" - Broca, "What's wrong with them, why don't they understand me? " - Wernicke. Language, although it is a human faculty for communication through articulation and speech, its relevance lies in how it shapes the mind and allows it to express itself to others. Therefore, it would be valid to present language as a cognitive function that operates together with other functions and integrates processes as a whole. This will help us to understand a little more about what, in clinical practice, is difficult to differentiate in the case of who is usually aphasic and who is not. Since there is no physical trait that can give us a clinical representation of a specific or global aphasic condition, or even be part of its semiology. In a way, although it may seem paradoxical, the way to know it is through the effort of speaking and understanding. If the patient is able to do it correctly or, on the other hand, if their interlocutor finds difficulty in understanding them or knowing what they want to communicate. What are Aphasias? Aphasias denote alterations in language as a consequence of acquired brain damage, which affect the capacity for verbal communication at an expressive, receptive, and/or...

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### Blue zones and the secret of longevity

- Published: 2024-01-17
- Modified: 2024-01-17
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/normal-aging/blue-zones-and-the-secret-of-longevity/
- Categories: Normal aging
- Tags: Elderly, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Normal Aging

Neuropsychologist Diana Carolina Gomez Blanco explains in this article what the blue zones (BZ) are and the secret to the longevity of their inhabitants, emphasizing the characteristics, key factors, and lifestyles of the populations in the BZ. The blue zones and the secret to longevity Since ancient times, the search for eternal youth has captivated humanity, and many have sought that magical formula to increase years of life and overcome the dreaded death. Even today, there is an unrestrained desire to stay young, and diets, medical procedures, and beauty articles claiming to stop the passage of time are increasingly common. However, what is a reality is that, in the last 150 years, life expectancy has increased dramatically, with more and more people reaching old age. "Longevity is increasing worldwide faster than many of us can imagine. In fact, demographers say that the baby who will live to be 200 years old has already been born" (Figueroa Suarez et al. , 2019, p. 281). It is additionally highlighted that an unprecedented aging of the population is occurring in human history. Although cardiovascular mortality has decreased, mortality due to nervous system diseases and mental disorders has, on the contrary, increased. Projected increase in global life expectancy. https://www. statista. com/chart/2266/life-expectancy-by-world-region/ Considering the latter, the lifestyle of modern life, in which sedentary lifestyles are mainly promoted, as well as the inclusion of technologies that make life easier, both physically and cognitively, a diet based on processed foods, high in sugars, sodium, calories and saturated fats, as well as...

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### Surviving neurons. The importance of early neurorehabilitation in cerebrovascular accident cases

- Published: 2024-01-17
- Modified: 2024-01-17
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/surviving-neurons-the-importance-of-early-neurorehabilitation-in-cerebrovascular-accident-cases/
- Categories: Stroke
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, CVA, Stroke

The neuropsychologist Ana Isabel Moneo Troncoso, alluding to incomplete infarction and the capacity offered by Cognitive Stimulation (CS) to promote neuronal plasticity, explains the importance of early neurorehabilitation in cases of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) for greater recovery. What is a cerebrovascular accident? A CVA, stroke or apoplexy, refers to the acute neurological injury that occurs due to a pathological alteration in blood vessels, resulting in one of the most prevalent neurological diseases in recent years and a major public health problem. In cases of a ruptured blood vessel, it is referred to as "hemorrhagic stroke," accounting for 15% of cases. When a blood clot forms, leading to a decrease in blood flow, it is referred to as "ischemic stroke," accounting for 85% (Zhao et al. , 2022). CVA is associated with both physical and cognitive impairments, resulting in deterioration. Once the damage occurs, cognitive sequelae affect between 25% and 80% of survivors, leading to alterations in cognitive functioning (Mane, Chouhan, & Guan, 2020). The most frequent impairments include difficulties: In attention (selective and divided). In memory (storage and retrieval). In executive function (organization and planning). And alterations in mood, among others. This is why it is particularly relevant to focus on comprehensive rehabilitation, considering the cognitive domain, as the sequelae limit the patient's autonomy and quality of life (Ardila, Silva, & Acosta, 2013). The role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in neuronal survival After the injury occurs, selective necrosis (non-physiological cell death due to irreparable or incurable damage, leading to decay)...

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### How to Fight Unwanted Loneliness in Elderly People

- Published: 2023-10-24
- Modified: 2023-10-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/how-to-fight-unwanted-loneliness-in-elderly-people/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Elderly, Mental Health, Psychology, Testimonial

The coordinator of social intervention projects for the elderly at the Association for Inclusion Acompáñame, Cristian Macía Rojas, speaks in this article about how to fight unwanted loneliness in the elderly. Loneliness is a universal human feeling that we all experience at some point in our lives. However, when it becomes chronic and unwanted, it can have devastating consequences for health and well-being, especially in older adults. Loneliness in elderly people is a growing problem worldwide, and it is essential to address it effectively to improve the quality of life of our loved ones at this stage of life. In this blog post, we will delve deeply into the topic of unwanted loneliness in elderly individuals, its causes and effects, and how NeuronUP, as an innovative tool, can be an effective solution to combat this issue. Throughout this article, you will learn about the importance of addressing loneliness in elderly people and how, through the Acompáñame Inclusion Association, we employ a working methodology that establishes an individualized, participatory, and healthy intervention model, where NeuronUP has become an invaluable ally in this effort. The World Health Organization defines aging as: "The physiological process that begins with conception and causes changes in species' characteristics throughout the life cycle; these changes result in a limitation of the organism's adaptability to the environment. The rates at which these changes occur in the various organs of the same individual or in different individuals are not the same" (WHO, 2002). Furthermore, according to Hernando (2006), aging...

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### Physiotherapy and dual-task: therapeutic exercise with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-10-16
- Modified: 2023-10-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/physiotherapy-and-dual-task-therapeutic-exercise-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Testimonial

Physiotherapist Ancor Vila González explains his therapeutic vision of physiotherapy and the dual task in relation to his experience with NeuronUP. Introduction Physiotherapy can be defined as treatment through movement. While dual-task is a therapeutic protocol where the goal is to enhance physical and mental performance by performing a physical exercise and a cognition exercise simultaneously. The NeuronUP platform is the perfect tool to implement this simultaneous treatment pathway. My vision in physiotherapy and the double task During my therapies, the results and the therapeutic exercise form my axis of reflection. On the one hand, manual therapy helps me to prepare the tissues to request their activation and to propitiate the synergy between them during targeted physical activity. On the other hand, therapeutic exercise is a fundamental tool for the improvement of many symptoms and significantly influences the patient's well-being. This exercise program must be designed, programmed, periodized, supervised and evaluated by an accredited health professional, in order to achieve the objectives set during the assessment. At the Vila Fisioterapia center we affirm and apply the premise that the patient must be the main character during the time of the therapeutic accompaniment and beyond. For this reason, they must understand their problems, the causes and what is the behavior and attitude necessary for change towards wellness and health. From my experience, encouraging patient empowerment is one of the levers of success in order to achieve the goals set. Physical exercise and cognitive performance Skeletal muscle behaves like an endocrine organ... .

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### Neuropsychological rehabilitation in neurological diseases

- Published: 2023-10-16
- Modified: 2024-01-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-in-neurological-diseases/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, ADHD, Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson&#039;s Disease, Testimonial

The neuropsychology team of the Neurolleida center explains in this article how they approach the different neuropsychological rehabilitation treatments in neurological diseases and how NeuronUP helps them with the achievement of the therapeutic objectives. Neurolleida: Who are we? Neurolleida is a center specialized in the care of children and adults with difficulties derived from acquired or maturational alterations of the nervous system. We are specialized in the treatment of diseases affecting the nervous system. Such as acquired brain damage (traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumors), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc. ) and neurodevelopmental disorders (dyslexia, ADHD, specific language disorder, etc. ). The main objectives of the treatments we apply at Neurolleida are the following: To help our patients develop strategies to minimize the disability they may present due to the neurological disease. To work together with the patient and his or her environment to help him or her achieve the maximum possible autonomy in activities of daily living, productivity and leisure. To provide the highest possible level of quality of life for the patient. Our methodology is based on a holistic approach to the person, taking into account all spheres of the person and their environment, as well as their motivations and interests. The treatment we apply is based on a prior comprehensive assessment of the person's needs and capabilities. In addition, the treatment is in all cases as individualized and adapted to each person as possible. The Neurolleida team is formed by 3 neuropsychologists, 2 physiotherapists, 2 speech therapists, 2 occupational...

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### Social cognition in children and how we work with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-10-16
- Modified: 2023-10-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/social-cognition-in-children-and-how-we-work-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Executive Functions, Memory, Social Cognition, Social Skills, Testimonial

Pilar Luque and Rocío Ruiz, neuropsychologists at Ítaca Psicología y Lenguaje, explain in this article how they work on social cognition in children with NeuronUP. Social cognition Refers to the set of mental operations that underlie social interactions, emphasizing the ability to perceive, interpret, and generate responses to the intentions, emotions, tendencies, and behaviors of others. Social cognition in children enables them to understand the emotions, thoughts, intentions and social behaviors of others. In social interactions, knowing what other people think and feel can be a huge advantage for managing in that context. Áreas y funciones de la cognición social Las áreas y funciones que encontramos dentro de lo que categorizamos como cognición social son: Emotional processing, i. e. , how we perceive emotions and recognize them. For example, the basic emotions according to the faces we see. Theory of mind or also called cognitive empathy. It is about making inferences about mental states. Social perception, which consists of the evaluation we make of social stimuli. Attributional style, which is the ability to make positive or negative evaluations of a certain event or situation (Ruiz, Garcia & Fuentes, 2006). Importancia del lóbulo frontal By way of explanation and function, in our brain, we can locate social cognition among one of the functions of the frontal lobe. This is formed by the orbital, medial and dorsolateral areas. It is where the executive functions and several aspects of human behavior are located. From this area, psychological processes are planned, controlled and regulated. Likewise, processes...

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### Guidelines to implement inclusive education and how to use NeuronUP for this purpose

- Published: 2023-10-13
- Modified: 2023-10-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/guidelines-to-implement-inclusive-education-and-how-to-use-neuronup-for-this-purpose/
- Categories: Education Testimonials, Special Education, Testimonials
- Tags: Inclusive Education, Special Education, Testimonial

Psychopedagogist Dahiana Barzola Chavez discusses in this post how inclusive education is implemented and how NeuronUP is used at the EDUCA Basic Education School in Salinas, Ecuador. The school has developed a flexible, open, and inclusive program that incorporates Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in its educational processes. This program aims to promote inclusive education and address the diversity of its students, including 24% who are neurodivergent. We have integrated NeuronUP into our personalized neurorehabilitation processes, and we will now share our positive experience. NeuronUP for inclusive education Since the beginning of the academic year in the coastal region of Ecuador, we have incorporated NeuronUP's cognitive stimulation exercises into our neurorehabilitation planning to foster inclusive education. These exercises are categorized by intervention areas and enable us to measure individualized progress automatically and easily. Using metrics, we can track the development of basic learning skills and share the NeuronUP scores, accompanied by captured images, with the involved educational community. We share this information via email or the institutional platform with parents, teachers, and external therapists. All these processes aim to recommend, provide feedback, stimulate, and enhance mental functions through strategies for home and classroom environments. We strive to create efficient and motivating processes using traditional teaching resources, including musical and voice neurostimulation. Guidelines to implement inclusive education Key elements of our inclusive approach in personalized processes 1. Reviewing the psycho-pedagogical and neuropsychological evaluations conducted by parents and provided to the school. 2. Designing curriculum adaptations if necessary for students with special...

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### Cerebral palsy: understanding and managing a complex neurodevelopmental condition

- Published: 2023-10-03
- Modified: 2023-10-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/cerebral-palsy-understanding-and-managing-a-complex-neurodevelopmental-condition/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: Cerebral Palsy, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of cerebral palsy, including its causes, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, prognosis, coping strategies, and the latest research advancements. What is cerebral palsy? Cerebral palsy is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that impacts individuals' motor skills, communication abilities, and cognitive functions. It is caused by brain damage that occurs during or shortly after birth. It is a lifelong condition that requires multidisciplinary management and support. Prevalence and impact Cerebral palsy is one of the most common childhood physical disabilities, with a prevalence of approximately 2 to 3 per 1,000 live births. The impact of cerebral palsy on individuals and their families can be significant, as it can affect mobility, activities of daily living, communication, and overall quality of life. Causes and risk factors Understanding the causes and risk factors associated with cerebral palsy can provide insights into preventive measures and potential interventions. Prenatal factors Prenatal factors, such as maternal infections, exposure to toxins, and certain genetic conditions, can contribute to the development of cerebral palsy. Adequate prenatal care and healthy lifestyle choices play a crucial role in minimizing these risks. Perinatal factors Difficulties during labor and delivery, premature birth, and low birth weight are among the perinatal factors that may increase the risk of cerebral palsy. Prompt medical interventions and specialized care can help mitigate these factors. Postnatal factors Certain postnatal factors, including infections, head injuries, and medical conditions like meningitis or encephalitis, can lead to brain damage and subsequent cerebral palsy... .

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### Cognitive stimulation in children with hydrocephalus

- Published: 2023-10-02
- Modified: 2023-10-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/cognitive-stimulation-in-children-with-hydrocephalus/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

In this article, María José García Rubio, PhD in clinical and health psychology, explains what hydrocephalus is and how to apply a cognitive stimulation program to this disorder. What is hydrocephalus? Infantile hydrocephalus is a neurodevelopmental disorder of global urgency because of its consequences and because of the high incidence sustained by low-income countries such as many of those in Eastern and Southern Africa. Specifically, the 10,000 reported cases per year of infantile hydrocephalus globally rival the 200,000 cases of hydrocephalus reported in Africa alone in this population. Hydrocephalus involves an excess of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain before birth, although there are also cases where hydrocephalus has been caused at birth or even after birth. As the name suggests, the term "hydrocephalus" comes from the combination of the Greek words for "water" and "head". In this particular case, the water would be the CSF that maintains and protects the brain in such a way that if it accumulates due to a deficit in the brain, it generates a disproportionate pressure. Although the focus of this entry is on how cognitive stimulation is linked to the pediatric hydrocephalus disorder, the following is a brief description of the origin of the disorder in order to better understand the associated cognitive treatment. What causes hydrocephalus? As anticipated above, excess CSF is the key factor in hydrocephalus. In this regard, it is worth remembering that the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is essential for...

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### Worksheet to work on selective attention with adults: Counting and Selecting

- Published: 2023-09-20
- Modified: 2023-10-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/worksheet-to-work-on-selective-attention-with-adults-counting-and-selecting/
- Categories: Activities for Attention
- Tags: Adults, Attention, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Adults, Executive Functions, NeuronUP News

Today we present you a new worksheet to work on selective attention in adults called Counting and Selecting. This activity was already available in paper format, but we have completely updated it to improve it and create its digital version - many more worksheets with much more eye-catching images! What does this activity to work on selective attention in adults consist of? This activity consists of locating a given number of times a stimulus that appears among a group of elements. The following is an example of the activity Counting and Selecting to work on selective attention with adults: https://youtu. be/Bz7pXp9tBCg? si=acWhqivcORpRi4nn What does this activity work on? In this worksheet we work on selective attention and working memory. This activity is based on working on selective attention through a cancellation task with counting. The elements will become more and more similar to each other as the level of difficulty increases. In this way, the patient has both to discriminate some stimuli from others and to keep track of how many he/she has already marked. Having to be aware of both (not to lose count and to pay attention to the details of the elements), also brings the working memory into play. Levels of difficulty This activity is organized in five levels of difficulty: basic, easy, medium, difficult and advance. As the level increases, the difficulty increases. Languages This worksheet can be worked on in digital format in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese and on paper in Spanish and English. People are talking I find this worksheet great. I have...

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### How to work on cognitive stimulation in children with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-09-19
- Modified: 2023-09-19
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/how-to-work-on-cognitive-stimulation-in-children-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Children, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Testimonial

The neuropsychology team of INANP explains how to work on cognitive stimulation in children with neurodevelopmental problems with NeuronUP. At INANP we receive a large volume of underage patients suffering from neurodevelopmental disorders. When they arrive at our center, the first step is to perform an evaluation to detect any problems they may have. From there, an intervention plan is established, in which, in most cases, cognitive stimulation is worked on. Profiles to which the intervention is applied The profiles dealt with at the center are very diverse. In addition, it should be noted that each case presents a series of specific characteristics. This means that the intervention process is continuously adapted to the needs of the case. However, there are a number of profiles that are usually candidates for cognitive stimulation work, which we list below: Attention Deficit and/or Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Learning Disorders. Depending on the requirements we meet, some areas should be treated or others. However, we always choose to apply tools and processes according to the evolution and situation of the patient. How is cognitive stimulation worked? The first point is the specification of the professional's work objectives, taking into account the patient's needs. Therefore, the participation of the professional in the adaptation of his intervention and the consideration of non-therapeutic variables, such as the emotional state, the context, etc. , is fundamental. From there, it is necessary to establish the tools that will be used by the professional to intervene in the...

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### Worksheet to work on reasoning with adults: Sort Numbers According to Value

- Published: 2023-09-08
- Modified: 2023-09-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/worksheet-to-work-on-reasoning-with-adults-sort-numbers-according-to-value/
- Categories: Activities for Executive Function
- Tags: Adults, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Adults, Executive Functions, Memory, NeuronUP News

Today we present you the expansion and optimization of the worksheet to work on reasoning in adults called Sort Numbers According to Value. Given the use made of this activity, we considered it useful to develop a wider variety of exercises. Thus, all levels have been expanded. In addition, the design and functioning have been improved. What does this activity to work on reasoning in adults consist of? This activity consists of sorting a series of numbers according to value. The patient must drag the number into the corresponding box. The following is an example of the activity Sort Numbers According to Value to work on reasoning with adults: https://youtu. be/UF53rw7qCa8? si=j2xwwmxb2qW3RuTN What does this activity work on? In this worksheet we work on reasoning and semantic memory. This activity is based on sorting numbers by value (greater than/less than an amount). Necessary to work on numerical and mathematical skills. Levels of difficulty This activity is organized in three levels of difficulty: basic, easy and medium. As the level increases, the difficulty increases. Languages This worksheet can be worked on in digital format in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese and on paper in Spanish and English. If you liked this worksheet to work on reasoning in adults, you may be interested in these NeuronUP posts:

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### Psychiatric disorders in acquired brain injury

- Published: 2023-08-29
- Modified: 2023-08-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/psychiatric-disorders-in-acquired-brain-injury/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Psychiatric Disorders, Stroke

One out of every two people presents cognitive deficit, affective disorder or behavioral change after a stroke, the main cause of acquired brain injury in Spain. Psychiatric disorders following an acquired brain injury condition the social integration of the affected person. In patients with severe head injury, behavioral alterations stand out as psychiatric sequelae. Psychopharmacology is one more tool in their treatment. Psychopharmacology in psychiatric disorders The pathologies of the cerebral vascular system cause mental problems, and up to one third of patients present depressive episodes with a highly variable range of severity. Issues such as this and those mentioned above were addressed in the V Course of the Clinical Neuropsychology Consortium (CNC): Praxis & Neuropsychology in psychiatric disorders. José Ignacio Quemada, director of the Menni Brain Injury Network, participated in this scientific meeting to talk about psychopharmacology in mental disorders associated with brain damage. It is estimated that more than 50% of stroke patients have some form of alteration or change in psychic functioning, such as cognitive deficit, affective disorder or behavioral change. According to Dr. Quemada, mental problems deriving from pathologies of the cerebral vascular system are much less studied and less widespread than motor disorders, despite the fact that they are so prevalent and that they cause great social dysfunction and great intra- and interpersonal suffering. Stroke is a growing pathology that affects more than 100,000 people in Spain every year. They are currently the leading cause of disability in adults. The prevalence of brain damage is...

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### Psychoeducational intervention for people with ADHD

- Published: 2023-07-14
- Modified: 2024-07-25
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/psychoeducational-intervention-for-people-with-adhd/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: ADHD, Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Testimonial

The neuropsychologist expert in childhood and adolescence of UDAC-CTI Elche, M. Carmen Moreno Blasco, and the neuropediatrician and coordinator of the center, Dr. Ángela Sempere, explain how to carry out a psychoeducational intervention in ADHD with NeuronUP. The work of the Centre de Teràpia Interfamiliar From CTI, Centre de Teràpia Interfamiliar, we want to emphasize the importance that each child has at his disposal all the necessary resources to achieve a better personal and social development. That is why, from our center we try to address in a transdisciplinary way (psychologists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, psychiatrists and neuropediatricians) the developmental, behavioral or emotional difficulties that appear in children, always in conjunction with the family and school, essential allies in the therapy of the child with difficulties. In our daily work, we diagnose and treat children with developmental difficulties or delays, language difficulties, autistic symptoms, attention and hyperactivity difficulties, high capacities and/or behavioral or emotional problems. All these children receive a neuropediatric and/or psychiatric assessment, ruling out organicity, are evaluated by neuropsychology, speech therapy and/or occupational therapy, and a diagnosis is made and referred within our unit to the most appropriate professional. Empowering the family Intervention with the family is fundamental for our team, opting for a family-centered model, carrying out more and more interventions in the child’s home and empowering the family as a fundamental part of the intervention.  At the same time there is continuous coordination and advice with schools, to work together the needs of the child, trying to generalize...

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### Neuropsychological treatment at the IENSA center through NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-07-13
- Modified: 2023-07-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-treatment-at-the-iensa-center-through-neuronup/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: ADHD, MCI, Testimonial

The neuropsychologist of the Institute of Neurological Specialties (IENSA), Olga Prian Serrano, discusses in this article how to approach neuropsychological treatment, according to diagnostic variability, through NeuronUP. Introduction Mild cognitive impairment is one of the most frequent diagnoses in our center. Being a specific neurological pathology center, the possible causes of such impairment are highly variable. On the one hand, some patients after the neuropsychological study present a profile of cortical involvement, more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, others present a subcortical affectation more typical of a vascular or metabolic cause, vitamin deficiency and/or mood alteration such as depression, among others. How is the treatment carried out? Once assessed, we propose a neuropsychological treatment. In this treatment, we give specific guidelines for home, both to the patient and his or her close relatives, encouraging social interaction, physical exercise, sleep habits and leisure activities that are pleasant for the person. We also include specific cognitive stimulation work for each patient, which will be done in the center. The objective with each patient will vary according to the diagnostic suspicion. But undoubtedly, the cognitive stimulation work as well as the dynamization of the exercises in the center, lead to cognitive improvement sometimes, as well as an improvement in mood. Neuropsychological treatment with NeuronUP NeuronUP is a magnificent tool that gives us the basis to adapt the work material to the cognitive and educational level of each patient. For example, it allows us to work on different cognitive functions...

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### Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

- Published: 2023-07-12
- Modified: 2023-07-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-fasd/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders, Testimonials
- Tags: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Testimonial

The Amorebieta Psychology team explains in this article the consequences and symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), its intervention and how they integrate NeuronUP into it. What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder? Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) comprises a group of disorders caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. This exposure occurs through maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. In this way, alcohol enters the bloodstream of the embryo or fetus via the umbilical cord. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Today Currently, it is estimated that approximately 2 to 5% of the world's population has FASD. This implies that 9 or 10 out of every 10,000 babies are born with this disorder in the world. In Spain this figure could be somewhat lower, with 6 or 10 children out of 10,000 being born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, in cases of adoptions it is estimated that up to 50% of children from China, South America and Eastern Europe may suffer from this condition. Despite this, it is believed that all these figures may not represent the true incidence of the disorder. This is because the stigma surrounding alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the lack of training of professionals in FASD, among other factors, may be leading to an under-diagnosed disorder. Consequences of FASD for the fetus Predictably, this exposure to alcohol is not harmless for the future baby. Alcohol can lead to a decrease in the amount of blood flow in the placenta and, therefore, the appearance of ischemia, preventing...

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### Neuropsychological intervention with NeuronUP for specific language impairment

- Published: 2023-07-11
- Modified: 2023-07-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/neuropsychological-intervention-with-neuronup-for-specific-language-impairment/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Language, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, SLI, Testimonial

The neuropsychologist specialized in child development Carmen Miranda explains in this article the child neuropsychological intervention for specific language impairment that she has carried out in her center NKI Neuropsicológica with NeuronUP. Within the field of child neuropsychological intervention, Specific Language Impairment (SLI) represents a challenge that requires specialized attention. This disorder affects language development in children, causing difficulties in comprehension and verbal expression. Diagnosis and assessment of SLI The first step in addressing SLI is to make an accurate diagnosis. A child neuropsychologist, language therapist and/or speech therapist will conduct a comprehensive assessment to determine the language areas affected and establish an individualized profile of the child. Standardized tests and questionnaires will be used to identify language difficulties and to rule out other developmental disorders or problems. This first diagnostic step is essential to define the language level (phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic and/or pragmatic) at which the difficulty is found, as well as the degree of severity of the difficulty, since depending on the results and specific characteristics, the objectives of the intervention will be established, as well as the choice of activities to be included in each session. Objectives of neuropsychological intervention in SLI Neuropsychological intervention in SLI is primarily aimed at improving the child's language skills and reducing the impact of the disorder on his or her daily life. Some of the specific goals may include promoting verbal comprehension, stimulating vocabulary, improving fluency and grammar, as well as promoting compensatory strategies to address communicative difficulties. It is...

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### Cognitive stimulation at AFA Rioja with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-07-10
- Modified: 2023-07-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/cognitive-stimulation-at-afa-rioja-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Cognitive Stimulation, Elderly, NPT, Testimonial

With more than 11 years of experience in the Association of Relatives and Alzheimer Patients of La Rioja, the occupational therapist Aitor Piñeiro Gago shares his experience applying cognitive stimulation in AFA Rioja with NeuronUP. About AFA Rioja The Association of Relatives and Alzheimer Patients of La Rioja (AFA Rioja) was created in 1993 with the purpose of offering a center with its own set of services, to which relatives of people with Alzheimer's disease could have access in the absence of specialized resources in the social-health system. The objective is to offer a response to the needs of both family members and affected persons. Throughout these years, AFA Rioja has been growing as shown by the annual data related to the number of professionals hired, the number of beneficiaries (approximately 180) and their families, as well as the diversification and specialization of the different programs included in its portfolio of services. The objective of AFA Rioja Among the objectives established by the Association, the aim is to achieve and maintain the highest level of quality of life (QOL) in the binomial person with Alzheimer's disease and caregiver (in most cases, as in the literature, the spouse). All this, from an integral, individualized, cooperative, responsible and ethical perspective, in accordance with the values of the Association and our position with respect to society, families and individuals. The vision of AFA Rioja The vision plays a very important role in establishing the working methods, actions and proposals to be developed. According...

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### Remote neurorehabilitation and adaptation to new realities

- Published: 2023-07-07
- Modified: 2023-07-07
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/remote-neurorehabilitation-and-adaptation-to-new-realities/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases, NeuronUP2GO, Neurorehabilitation, Telerehabilitation, Testimonial

The neuropsychologist and director of the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation's center in Lleida, Mónica Nieves, explains how neurorehabilitation centers approach remote treatments using tools such as NeuronUP. Introduction to the remote neurorehabilitation program Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the neurorehabilitation centers of the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation closed their on-site services as a preventive measure against coronavirus infection. In response to this situation, and with the aim of minimizing the impact of the suspension of services, it was decided to set up telematic attention and approach mechanisms. These devices would be maintained until the centers were fully reopened. Program goals The objective of this teletreatment program is to ensure that the patients maintain their activity through telematic means and new ICT. On the one hand, it seeks to offer sessions to be active, optimize occupancy, promote healthy habits and maintain a good physical and mental state to prevent deterioration in these exceptional moments. On the other hand, to give continuity to the treatments that were already being carried out in our neurorehabilitation centers. As a line of development of new services, the telerehabilitation format has great advantages for patients and therapists in certain areas. It solves the problem of distance and displacement, promoting the activity in the patient's daily environment and involving the family in the activity. The work of the neurorehabilitation centers Our mission as neurorehabilitation centers is to attend and accompany people with multiple sclerosis or other neurodegenerative diseases. Such as Parkinson, ataxias, ALS or neuropathies. Also, brain damage, for...

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### Differences between ADHD and ASD: understanding two neurodevelopmental disorders

- Published: 2023-07-04
- Modified: 2023-07-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/differences-between-adhd-and-asd-understanding-two-neurodevelopmental-disorders/
- Categories: ADHD, ASD, Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ADHD, ASD, Executive Functions, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neuropsychopedagogical Intervention

ADHD and ASD are two different disorders, but at the same time they can often occur together in some cases (comorbidity). In this article, cognitive rehabilitation specialist and educational psychologist Samuel Rodriguez explains the differences between ADHD and ASD, how these disorders are related, their symptoms and how they can be treated. What do we mean by ADHD and ASD? Both ADHD (Attention Deficit Disorder with/without Hyperactivity) and ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) are conceptualized by the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) as neurodevelopmental disorders. In the case of ADHD we are dealing with a behavioral disorder characterized by excessive activity, impulsivity and difficulty concentrating. On the other hand, ASD is a developmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction and behavior. Although they are different disorders, they can occur together in some cases (comorbidity) and affect the development and quality of life of the people who suffer from them. How are these disorders diagnosed? Both ADHD and ASD are disorders that are diagnosed through observation of the person's symptoms and behavior. In the case of ADHD, questionnaires and neuropsychological tests are used to assess activity, impulsivity and attention span. In the case of ASD, specific tests are used to assess communication, social interaction and repetitive behavior. It is important that the diagnosis is made by a trained health professional because he/she should always assess the boundaries (differential diagnosis) between these disorders or the coexistence between them (comorbid diagnosis). The high rates of coexistence between both disorders lead us...

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### Attachment theory: what it is, postulates, applications and disorders

- Published: 2023-06-19
- Modified: 2023-06-19
- URL: https://neuronup.us/psychology/attachment-theory-what-it-is-postulates-applications-and-disorders/
- Categories: Psychology
- Tags: Attachment Theory, Kids, Psychology

General health psychologist Rosa Hidalgo Torres discusses attachment theory in this article, as well as the main postulates of attachment theory, applications and disorders. What is attachment theory? Attachment theory is a term used to describe emotional bonds. They have a significant impact on birth and neurodevelopment. Attachment is the deep emotional bond, which forms between a person and his or her primary attachment figures, usually parents or primary caregivers. From the moment of birth, attachment plays a crucial role in the well-being and development of the newborn. Infants depend on their caregivers to meet their basic needs, such as nourishment, security and affection. The quality of the attachment relationship will influence how infants experience and respond to the world around them. When caregivers respond sensitively and consistently to the infant's cues and needs, secure attachment is established, which promotes healthy development and a secure base from which they can explore their environment and develop cognitive and emotional skills. Who developed the attachment theory? Attachment theory was developed by the British psychologist John Bowlby, in the years (1969-1980), who argued that human beings have an innate tendency to seek proximity and contact with their attachment figures, especially in times of distress or danger. Bowlby, through his work during World War II with children separated from their parents and who were institutionalized, found specific behavioral patterns and emotional responses that were common in all of them: a strong need to establish and maintain proximity with their primary caregivers, especially in situations...

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### Transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation

- Published: 2023-06-13
- Modified: 2024-08-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-and-cognitive-rehabilitation/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: Brain Stimulation, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Cognitive Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

María Alicia Lage, licensed psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist, Dr. Alejandro Fuertes-Saiz, psychiatrist, and Carla Castro, teacher with a mention in special and curricular education, discuss in this article transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and neuropsychological rehabilitation. The importance of assessment and diagnosis for the design of an intervention program Migraine is a neurological disease that affects approximately 12% of the world's population. Typical symptoms include throbbing headaches, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. In addition to these symptoms, migraine can also affect alternating attention and episodic memory. Alternating attention is the ability to shift the focus of attention from one task to another. On the other hand, episodic memory is the ability to recall specific events and details about those events. It is crucial in a migraine patient to perform a neuropsychological evaluation to quantify this possible cognitive impairment and develop a comprehensive intervention plan that encompasses these areas as well. Neuropsychological rehabilitation with transcranial magnetic stimulation It is a broader concept than cognitive stimulation; it involves reducing the impact of conditions that are disabling for the client and allowing him/her to reach an optimal level of social integration (WHO, 2001). Therefore, it includes different types of intervention, which can be framed in four major groups: cognitive rehabilitation, behavior modification, intervention with families and social, educational or professional readaptation. Rehabilitation in terms of the approach: Compensation, consists in the reorganization of functions to minimize or save the functional limitations of the individual. Its goal is to improve functionality in daily...

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### Dementia and neuropsychological assessment: the GDS scale and its applicability

- Published: 2023-06-05
- Modified: 2024-02-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/neuropsychological-testing/dementia-and-neuropsychological-assessment-the-gds-scale-and-its-applicability/
- Categories: Neuropsychological Testing
- Tags: Dementia, Neuropsychology

María J. García-Rubio, PhD in clinical health psychology, together with Nancy Navarro, specialist in clinical neuropsychology and major cognitive disorder, explain in this article dementia and its neuropsychological assessment through the GDS scale. This article aims to describe dementia from a neuroanatomical and psychobiological perspective in order to justify the application of the GDS scale during the neuropsychological assessment of patients diagnosed with dementia. Although it is a validated scale and frequently used by neuropsychologists and other health professionals, it is required to be defined and appropriate to the diagnosis in order to extract the maximum of its evaluative value. What is dementia? Dementia is a general term that identifies conditions whose set of signs and symptoms are characterized by a progressive decrease in mental and executive capacity of cognitive domains. This neurological disease reduces the degree of autonomy and independence of people who suffer from it, thus affecting their ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living and therefore, the patient usually requires continued support from their caregiver (Alzheimer 's Association, 2014). From a psychobiological perspective, nerve cells or neurons are the first to be affected during the evolutionary pattern of dementia, although the key marker is the existence of neurofibrillary tangles, and also the formation of senile plaques observed in cortical dementia (Goriely et al. , 2020). It has also been shown that the presence of cerebral microinfarcts adversely affects the subcortical area of the brain, leading in most cases to the onset of vascular dementia (Bir et al. ,...

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### Addressing neurodegenerative diseases with NeuronUP

- Published: 2023-06-01
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/addressing-neurodegenerative-diseases-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases, Testimonials
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Dementia, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Occupational Therapy, Parkinson&#039;s Disease, Testimonial

The occupational therapist of the AFA Alcalá center, Laura Caballero, explains the approach to neurodegenerative diseases via cognitive stimulation and occupational therapy workshops through NeuronUP. Introduction Who are we? The Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Association of Alcalá de Henares was created in 1997 as a resource for and by family members of Alzheimer's patients in order to support each other and achieve a better quality of life for the patient and their families. We are a regional NGO and our members are mostly relatives of people with age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other related dementias. Our center, where the activities are developed, is located in Alcalá de Henares, which is the largest city in the area, but serves people from neighboring towns. Interdisciplinary team Our team is made up of professionals specialized in different areas, such as: Psychology Occupational therapy Art therapy Music therapy Speech therapy Physiotherapy Social work From a transdisciplinary approach we achieve a holistic approach to both the person suffering from the disease and their family and social environment. Neurodegenerative diseases we work on The following is a concise description of the different pathologies that we treat in our center: Parkinson A chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms, due to the irreversible lesion of the dopamine-producing substantia nigra. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are: Bradykinesia: slowness of voluntary movements associated with decreased voluntary movements, with loss of automatic movements, hypophonic speech, absence of brachiation. Tremor at rest. Postural instability: loss of reflexes,...

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### 10 activities to improve working memory

- Published: 2023-03-16
- Modified: 2023-10-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/10-activities-to-improve-working-memory/
- Categories: Activities for Executive Function
- Tags: Adults, Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Executive Functions, Kids, Special Needs Activities, Working Memory, Working Memory Activities, Working Memory Deficits

Working memory is a core executive function that allows information to be temporarily held in the mind and processed during a limited period of time. It has been proven to be significant for daily functioning, such as sustaining attention in daily tasks and academic performance. Approximately 10% of the population has working memory deficits. People with brain injury, ADHD, Down syndrome or mental illnesses are likely to have problems with this cognitive function. There is evidence that working memory training can improve cognitive performance in people with specific conditions and that interactive tasks such as games enable its training. Rehabilitation and stimulation programs are effective in treating disorders associated with working memory deficits. In fact, targeted computerized training has demonstrated improved working memory in several studies. Therefore, if you are interested in exercises to improve your patients' working memory, in this post we provide 10 worksheets to work on working memory with individuals with special needs. Specifically, 5 examples of working memory activities for adults and 5 examples of working memory activities for children, developed by NeuronUP under the principles of ecological validity and generalizability. 5 activities to work on working memory with children Below you will find 5 exercises for children. 1. The Correct Order What does it consist of? In this working memory training activity for children, patients have to memorize the order of a series of images and later remember the sequence. Unlike other NeuronUP activities where the patient must memorize a series of elements and then...

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### Neurosciences and how they have evolved over time

- Published: 2023-02-06
- Modified: 2023-02-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/neurosciences-and-how-they-have-evolved-over-time/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: Brain, Neuroscience

Neuroscience is a group of scientific disciplines focused on the study of the nervous system. This is formed by the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. One of the main objectives of neuroscience is to understand the mechanisms of regulation and control of nervous reactions, as well as brain function. Dr. Ángeles Castro explains the evolution of neurosciences through time and their contribution to science. Brain and neurosciences The brain as a control system is currently studied by neurosciences. Its evolution began since the time of the Greeks and continues to develop to this day. The human body is a complex web of nerve networks that are controlled by the brain. Every day, millions of neurons are continuously connected, transmitting impulses with specific information to each organ of the body. The brain is a highly complex structure and several properties of its functioning are still unknown. However, neuroscience research has allowed us to delve deeper into the structure, function and importance of the nervous system. Importance of neurosciences Among the most important aspects of neuroscience is the study of the learning capacity of individuals, which is directly associated with the ability to survive. Beyond Darwin's theory of evolution, the brain was used to a greater or lesser extent to learn. From gathering food, making fire, hunting, settling down and implementing activities to live; to the industrial revolutions and the development of artificial intelligence. Certainly, all this has been possible through learning, which is linked to the improvement of...

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### Work stress: definition, types, causes and consequences for health

- Published: 2022-10-02
- Modified: 2024-04-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/psychology/work-stress-definition-types-causes-and-consequences-for-health/
- Categories: Psychology
- Tags: Mental Health, Psychology, Stress, Work Stress

Stress has been dubbed the “health epidemic of the 21st century” by the World Health Organization. Since early studies, stress was defined as General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) or the defense response of the body or the psyche to injury or prolonged stress (Selye, 1956). Subsequently, numerous authors have attempted to define stress. There is no doubt that the most comprehensive conceptualization of stress was given by McEwen (2000) who described it as, “a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psychological integrity of an individual that results in physiological and/or behavioral responses” (p. 173). There are different types of stress depending on several factors such as: Stress duration. The stimuli eliciting the initial reaction. The psychological or physiological consequences triggered by the stressful event. The environment determining the stress response. As indicated by points two and four, the workplace is one of the most stressful environments. In this post, we consider the need to address work stress. Work stress Work stress is a type of stress associated with the workplace that can be occasional or chronic, although most cases fall under the second type (Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling and Boudreau, 2000). Types of work related stress It is also important to note that work stress can be positive or negative (Kung & Chan, 2014). Positive stress in the workplace Positive stress (eustress) refers to the response to stressors in an adaptive way. The consequences of such response do not affect the overall health of the individual and its duration coincides with the duration of the stimulus, e. g. , the stress response...

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### Social cognition activity to identify emotions: Guess the Face

- Published: 2022-09-19
- Modified: 2022-09-19
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-activity-to-identify-emotions-guess-the-face/
- Categories: Activities for Social Cognition
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Kids, NeuronUP News, Social Cognition, Worksheets

September is back and with it comes a new exercise for children. Guess the Face, an activity to identify emotions. What does it consist of? This is a worksheet in which a situation is presented with one or more characters and one of them has his or her face covered. The objective is for the child to identify which emotion is shown by that character and to point it out in the emoticon options shown. In this case we have decided to work with emoticons, and not real faces, to simplify and emphasize the characteristic features of each feeling, sensation and emotion. Obviously, this must then be translated into reality with other worksheets such as What is the Best Thing to Do? Here is an example of the activity to identify emotions: What does this activity work? Social cognition. Levels Guess the Face is a worksheet and, like all NeuronUP worksheets, it is organized into five levels of difficulty: Basic;Easy;Medium;Difficult;Advanced. Format In addition, this social cognition worksheet to work on emotional intelligence with children is available on paper and digital format for you to work with your patients. Languages to work with this activity to identify emotions This worksheet can be done in Spanish, English and Portuguese. If you liked this social cognition activity to identify emotions, you may be interested in these NeuronUP publications:

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### Head Injury: Management and Treatment

- Published: 2022-09-07
- Modified: 2022-09-07
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/head-injury-management-and-treatment/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Cognitive Rehabilitation, Glasgow Coma Scale, Head Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury

A head injury is any sort of trauma to the brain, scalp or skull. Head injuries are a major cause of mortality and disability in adults. Each year about 1. 5 million Americans sustain a head injury, with an estimated 3% of death rate. Types of Head Injury Head injuries can be broken up into two main types: closed and penetrating. Closed Head Injury A closed head injury is any trauma the head receives, that does not go through the skull. Injuries can range from minor injuries to devastating, life-threatening major injuries with lifelong physical, cognitive, or psychological impairment. Closed head injuries are the main cause of mortality in infants under the age of 4 and the leading cause for both physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. They can cause fractures in the skull, as well as considerable harm to the brain. It can be in the form of a bruise, a concussion, or can cause an intracranial hemorrhage. Treatment depends on the injury and its severity. There are different types of treatment options to those who have sustained a closed head injury such as cognitive rehabilitation, patient education and pharmacotherapy. Mild injuries do not need treatment. Penetrating Head Injury A penetrating head injury occurs when an incident causes a foreign object to lodge in or pass through the head. Care plans for this type are two-phased. You need to monitor ICP and blood pressure and stabilize the head and spine — along with any other monitoring necessitated in...

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### [NEW] Improved NeuronUP results browsing experience

- Published: 2022-08-24
- Modified: 2022-08-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/new-improved-neuronup-results-browsing-experience/
- Categories: Announcements
- Tags: Browsing Experience, NeuronUP News, Product Update, Results Screen, Score

Product update Introducing an enhanced browsing experience on the results screen We have made several improvements in the results section to make it easier for you to view them. What are the new features? 1. Now it is easier to know when a patient moves up and down levels, as well as to see the order of the exercises he/she has finished. 2. You must first select the patient for whom you want to check the results so that they load faster. 3. You will be able to check the score obtained by each patient in each activity. This is the first approach to NeuronUP Score, the score that we are going to use to measure the progress of the patients in NeuronUP. It is the first step towards the evolution graphs. Take a look at the changes Here you can read more NeuronUP news

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### Cognitive stimulation at Centros Amunt and their person-centered approach

- Published: 2022-07-27
- Modified: 2022-07-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/cognitive-stimulation-at-centros-amunt-and-their-person-centered-approach/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Cognitive Activities, Cognitive Stimulation, Emotional Activities, NeuronUP, Occupational Therapy, Physical Exercise, Preserved Abilities, Testimonial

In order to stimulate a person, it is necessary to grab their interest. To do this, we must first take into account their likes and dislikes, get to know them as a person and listen to their life story. By discovering the idiosyncrasies of each person, we can redesign activities with a personal and attractive touch. Cognitive stimulation at Centros Amunt is done in a person-centered way, with the help of NeuronUP. How do we work on cognitive stimulation at Centros Amunt? Cognitive stimulation in day centers consists of working on cognition and maintaining preserved abilities. Also, all areas of the person must be included: cognitive, emotional and physical. Since they are all interconnected, it is necessary to stimulate from a holistic view. Our team designs and updates the activity plan on a monthly basis. This is done in order to be able to offer a wide variety of exercises that adapt to the different needs of our patients. For this reason, we work in reference to three dimensions. Cognitive area In the cognitive activities we use different resources to work on cognition in a fun and entertaining way. For example, we put memory into practice with conventional worksheets, group workshops, theater scenes, cooking workshops, etc. Certainly, a tool that is very useful for us are computer-based programs such as the NeuronUP platform. Also, these programs stimulate them while having fun. Likewise, new technologies are an instrument that helps us and eases the planning of activities and their organization. Emotional...

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### What are Executive Functions?

- Published: 2022-07-06
- Modified: 2022-07-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/what-are-executive-functions/
- Categories: Executive Functions
- Tags: Cognitive Functions, Executive Functions

In a funny sort of way, you will have already used a form of executive function to search for and click on this post. And, now that you are reading through it, you will be using another form of executive function to retain your attention, allowing your brain to minimize any background noise that might have caused a distraction. But what are executive functions, exactly? And why are they so important?   What are Executive Functions? As defined by Harvard University's Center on the Developing Child, executive functions refer to ‘a set of mental processes that allow us to plan time, remember instructions, focus attention and handle multiple tasks successfully’. Through these abilities, we are then able to filter out any distractions, prioritize tasks, control our impulses and set achievable objectives within our lives. Whether it be concentrating at school, planning a holiday, organizing a meetup with friends and family, creating a workplace campaign, or building a set of IKEA furniture, executive functions give us the ability to handle many areas of life by allowing us to get things done. In a similar way to a conductor in an orchestra, executive functions effectively manage the brain's wide range of internal processes, organizing each 'musician' – or cognitive ability – so they know when to kick in, who to kick in with, by how much or how little, and when to stop. Without having this level of executive control, our brains simply wouldn't be able to work smoothly or function in the right way,...

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### 10 activities for students with special education needs

- Published: 2022-06-29
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/special-education/10-activities-for-students-with-special-education-needs/
- Categories: Special Education
- Tags: Class, Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Ecological Validity, Generalizability, K12, Special Education, Special Education Activities, Special Education Needs, Special Education Teachers, Special Needs Activities, Students

More than 7 million students, or about 15% of those ages 3 to 21, received special education services in the 2020-21 school year under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), according to the National Center for Education Statistics. To ensure the quality of special education services and meet the many needs in their classrooms, teachers must invest a considerable amount of time in tailoring lessons and materials to their students. In fact, what makes the role of a special educator especially challenging is the number and diversity of needs in a classroom. Teachers must support not only the academic needs of their students, but also communication, behavioral and physical needs, among others. However, special education teachers often operate without adequate materials to address these needs. According to a survey conducted by the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) 72% of teachers of students with special needs modify their curriculum to support their individualization either most of the time or always. Moreover, teachers rank adequate resources requirements as the most important criteria for their success. The lack of materials places a significant extra burden on teachers. Therefore, here are 10 activities developed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of self-sufficiency and success in school and in their community. Activities for students with special education needs Below you will find 10 exercises developed for special education teachers under the principles of ecological validity and generalizability with the aim of unlocking students' potential by addressing their special needs through...

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### Exercise to work on cognitive flexibility in adults: Varied combinations

- Published: 2022-06-22
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/exercise-to-work-on-cognitive-flexibility-in-adults-varied-combinations/
- Categories: Activities for Executive Function
- Tags: Adults, Cognitive Flexibility, Cognitive Rehabilitation Exercises, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Executive Functions Exercises, NeuronUP News, Planning

New exercise to work on cognitive flexibility in adults and planning: Varied combinations! In our daily lives we usually have to think of solutions to different problems, from things of little importance to other very relevant ones. For this, it is essential to be able to generate in our mind different options and then be able to choose the most appropriate one. Even once a decision has been made, circumstances may change and we may need to change our strategy. For this reason, cognitive flexibility is crucial in our lives. What does it consist of? Patients have to organize different elements in different groups.  They have to make different groups according to the story, taking into account that no two groups can be the same. In the following video we show you an example of how to work with this exercise: https://youtu. be/KOf8PurAReo? si=5VPsammiSO0a4bXF Ways to work with this game Varied Combinations is a game and as such can be worked in two ways: 1. Phases by levels. The game is divided by phases. Phase 1 being the easiest and phase 9 the most complicated. The patient will automatically level up or down according to his successes or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the phase manually. 2. Customized phases In addition, customized phases can be created to adapt them to the specific needs of each person. 2. 1. General features You can choose other general aspects such as: The number of exercises. The maximum time. Whether or not you want a visible timer for the activity. If you want...

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### 10 Tips and Activities to Improve Memory and Cognitive Health

- Published: 2022-06-15
- Modified: 2022-06-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/10-tips-and-activities-to-improve-memory-and-cognitive-health/
- Categories: Memory
- Tags: Brain Health, Cognitive Decline, Cognitive Health, Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Memory, Memory Activities, Memory Loss, Memory Tips

As we age, our bodies change, but did you know that our brains change too? It may take longer to learn new things or remember information as we get older. Our health might decline, and our bodies become frail. There are ways to combat these changes. It's normal to experience some memory loss as we age, but we can do things to help improve our cognitive health. In this article, we're going to break down ten tips and activities that can help improve memory and keep your mind sharp! Eat Healthy Foods According to Harvard Health, eating well can help improve cognitive health. Just like the rest of your body, eating well is good for your brain health too! Eating lots of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains can help keep your cognitive health strong. Foods high in antioxidants, like blueberries and spinach, can also help protect your brain from damage and improve memory. If you're not a fan of vegetables or fruits, don't worry! You can still improve your cognitive health by altering your diet. Try adding spices like turmeric or saffron to your meals, as they are both known for their mental benefits. Get Moving Exercise is excellent for overall health, including brain health. A study published in the journal Neurology found that people who exercise regularly have a lower risk of cognitive decline as they age. Try taking a walk around the block, going for a bike ride, or even doing some stretches. Anything that gets your body...

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### Activity to work on emotions with children: What are they feeling?

- Published: 2022-06-08
- Modified: 2022-06-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/activity-to-work-on-emotions-with-children-what-are-they-feeling/
- Categories: Activities for Social Cognition
- Tags: Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Kids, Cognitive Stimulation Exercises, Cognitive Stimulation in Kids, Emotional Activities, Emotional Control, Kids, NeuronUP News, Social Cognition, Social Cognition Activities, Social Cognition in ADHD

Today we present an activity to work on emotions with children!  Working on emotions and moods is fundamental for everyone and should be cultivated from childhood.  What are they feeling?  is a perfect worksheet for this. What does it consist of? Children will have to identify what kind of feeling the person shown in the picture has and analyze which words go best with the pictures.   In the following video we show you an example of how to work with this exercise. https://youtu. be/WX1tzVUrhAE What does this activity work? Social cognition.  In the pictures a situation is contextualized to help the child to better understand the reasons the character may have for feeling this way. Vocabulary.  In addition to working on emotions with children, we train vocabulary related to this topic. Apart from being able to identify moods, it is essential to know how to name them in order to be able to express them and make ourselves understood by others. Levels What are they feeling?  is a worksheet and, like all NeuronUP worksheets, it is organized into five levels of difficulty: Basic;Easy;Medium;Difficult;Advanced. Ways to work with this social cognition worksheet for children Correction mode: the platform corrects the child after each action. Free mode: the platform does not correct the child until the end of the exercise. Paper format This worksheet to work on emotions with children is also available on paper format for you to work with your patients. Languages to work with this worksheet to work on emotions with children This activity can be done in Spanish, English and in...

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### Social cognition worksheet for teaching children how to behave: What is the best thing to do?

- Published: 2022-05-19
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-worksheet-for-teaching-children-how-to-behave-what-is-the-best-thing-to-do/
- Categories: Activities for Social Cognition
- Tags: Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Kids, Cognitive Stimulation Exercises, Cognitive Stimulation in Kids, Kids, Social Cognition, Social Cognition Activities, Social Cognition in ADHD

We continue working on expanding our social cognition materials. In this case we have developed a social cognition worksheet to help children and teenagers behave correctly: What is better to do? What does it consist of? It consists of analyzing a situation and seeing what would be the right way to behave in it. Life is full of choices, and it is not always easy to make the right one in each case. By showing different cases adapted to reality and giving them several behavioral options, we teach children to question several aspects of situations they may encounter in their daily lives and weigh the consequences of their decisions. In the following video we show you an example of how to work with this exercise. https://youtu. be/PIbag-D2FEY? si=fSMZIowhQC0aretQ Levels What is better to do?  is a worksheet and, like all NeuronUP worksheets, it is organized into five levels of difficulty: Basic; Easy; Medium; Difficult; Advanced. Ways to work with this social cognition worksheet for children Correction mode: the platform corrects the child after each action. Free mode: the platform does not correct the child until the end of the exercise. What does this activity work? Basic behaviors; Hygiene habits; Social relationships; Constructive criticism; Empathy; Assertiveness; Civility; Rights. Text reader To make it easier for children and teenagers with reading problems work on this activity, the texts in this social cognition worksheet can be played. At the touch of a button, the text on the screen can be listened to out loud. Paper format This social cognition worksheet is also...

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### Executive Functions and Their Relationship to the Reading Process and Academic Performance

- Published: 2022-05-03
- Modified: 2022-07-01
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/executive-functions-and-their-relationship-to-the-reading-process-and-academic-performance/
- Categories: Executive Functions
- Tags: Cognitive Flexibility, Executive Functions, Neuropsychology, Planning, Reasoning, Working Memory

Neuropsychology occupies a prominent place among the sciences related to education. According to Portellano (2014) it not only helps in the diagnosis but also in the rehabilitation and enhancement of cognitive and emotional functions. Therefore, it is very important to take into account the neuropsychological development and maturity of executive functions in our students to influence the way to design the most effective methodologies and activities that contribute to their comprehensive development, especially in students with special educational needs. Definition and characteristics of executive functions Numerous authors have investigated executive functions. Luria (1974) was the first neurologist who spoke of the system, however, the first definition is attributed to Lezak (1982) who states that executive functions are the essential mental capacities to carry out an effective, creative and socially accepted behavior. Later, it was Stuss (2010) who defined them as the abilities controlled by the prefrontal cortex. These functions allow making plans and maintaining goals in working memory. Also, to select appropriate actions or behaviors to guide them towards the achievement of these goals. Currently, executive functions are considered as the set of activities developed in the prefrontal area. In this way, the essence of our behavior and of all mental activity is constructed, constituting the central computer of the human being. They are also responsible for solving problems that require reasoning, abstraction or the use of symbolic codes (Portellano et al. 2009). Levels of intelligence in the study of executive functions Certainly, authors such as Marina (2013) distinguish two...

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### Exercise to promote attention and impulse control: Waiter in Action

- Published: 2022-04-28
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/exercise-to-promote-attention-and-impulse-control-waiter-in-action/
- Categories: Activities for Attention
- Tags: alternating attention, Inhibition, selective attention, sustained attention

We present a new exercise to promote attention and impulse control with adults that we are sure you will like very much: Waiter in Action! What does it consist of? The patients, who take on the role of waiters, have to be attentive to the restaurant's orders. They must serve each customer the ordered dish, paying close attention as the dishes will change. In other words, they have to be constantly attentive to a task, but changing their focus of attention in a variable way. In addition, they must adapt to changes in the order of the exercise. All this is a great exercise to promote attention and impulse control. In the following video we show you an example of how to work with this exercise: https://youtu. be/qEYloflpvYg? si=gmNJaKIOt1OoKuD0 Ways to work with this game Waiter in Action is a game and as such it can be worked in two ways: 1. By levels The game is divided into various levels. Level 1 being the easiest and level 9 being the most complicated. The patient will automatically level up or down according to his correct responses or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the level manually. 2. Customized phases In addition, customized phases can be created to adapt them to the specific needs of each person. 2. 1. General aspects You can choose to personalize general aspects such as: The number of exercises. The maximum time. Whether or not you want a visible timer for the activity. If you want to include...

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### Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and NeuronUP

- Published: 2022-04-21
- Modified: 2022-07-01
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/specific-language-impairment-sli-and-neuronup/
- Categories: Language
- Tags: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Speech disorders, Speech-Language Pathologist

For six years we have included the use of NeuronUP in the treatment of Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Our priority is to offer our patients an innovative, dynamic, ecologically valid and customizable tool that helps them to advance in their intervention. Specific Language Impairment (SLI) Specific Language Impairment, SLI, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the acquisition and development of oral language because it can alter the comprehension area, the expressive area or both. Essentially, we can say that a specific language disorder exists when the level of language skills affects the child's ability to meet the social and educational expectations expected at his or her age. It qualifies as a heterogeneous disorder. First, no two specific language disorders will ever be the same. Secondly, the symptoms vary greatly from one child to another and do not always present the same form and intensity. Involvement of language components Specific language impairment may involve one or several language components: phonetic and phonological, semantic, morphosyntactic or pragmatic. Phonetic/phonological area: in this area we usually find children with unintelligible speech. Consequently, this implies phonological simplification errors, multiple dyslalia or difficulties in auditory discrimination. Semantic area: in this area we find children with a reduced vocabulary and difficulties in accessing the lexicon; likewise, they know the words but find it difficult to evoke them. For this reason, they tend to use very general words and circumlocutions. Also, they have great difficulty in expressing and understanding anything abstract, anything that cannot be contextualized, and it is...

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### Salesianos Los Boscos uses NeuronUP for cognitive stimulation in primary and secondary education

- Published: 2022-04-11
- Modified: 2024-09-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/training/education-testimonials/salesianos-los-boscos-uses-neuronup-for-cognitive-stimulation-in-primary-and-secondary-education/
- Categories: Education Testimonials
- Tags: Practical Learning, Primary Education, Remote Work, Secondary Education, Special Education Needs, Testimonial, Therapeutic Educational Classrooms

The clinical psychologist and coordinator of the Therapeutic Educational Classrooms of Salesianos Los Boscos, José Ramón González Toca, shares his experience using NeuronUP with students in both secondary and primary education. Before NeuronUP Before the arrival of this platform to our center, we had problems finding attractive materials developed from a neuropsychological basis, and when we found them, they were soon finished or the students lost interest. Cognitive stimulation at school with NeuronUP We have been using NeuronUP for some years as a fundamental tool in the Cognitive Skills Program that is carried out in the Therapeutic Educational Classrooms. We also use the platform with students with special educational needs -SEN-, both in primary and secondary education. NeuronUP allows us to present material in an easy, attractive and dynamic way, and it is constantly evolving and improving. Customize activities, sessions & programs One of the great benefits of this platform is that it allows us to create customized programs and sessions. When we work in group sessions, each student can work on the areas he/she needs the most. Work remotely For our students, these sessions are not seen as work, but as fun and enriching, so their performance and attitude are very positive. Work has been so profitable and positive that families have asked to have access from their homes to be able to continue the work. Especially at the stage when we were all confined, NeuronUP became a fantastic tool.   Record the student's progress Another perk of the NeuronUP program...

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### Easter Game for Kids: Easter Eggs

- Published: 2022-04-07
- Modified: 2022-04-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/easter-game-for-kids-easter-eggs/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: episodic memory, Kids, Memory, Working Memory

With the arrival of Easter, we wanted to put out an Easter themed game for kids: Easter Eggs. We hope you like it! In what does it consist? It is an episodic memory activity for the little ones in which, in a playful and fun way, they will have to test their attention and ability to memorize the eggs of different characteristics that are shown to them. This Easter game consists of memorizing the color of the eggs and then finding out which one is missing. In the following video we show you an example of the activity at the intermediate level: https://youtu. be/gfiqXWfiIks Ways to work with this game Easter Eggs is a NeuronUP game and as such it can be played in two ways: 1. By Levels The game is divided by levels. Level 1 being the easiest and level 9 the most complicated. The child will level up or down automatically according to his successes or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the phase manually. As the levels go up, working memory plays a key role, as the number of eggs to memorize increases and they have more and more nuances. 2. Customized levels In addition, customized levels can be created to adapt them to the specific needs of each child. 2. 1. General aspects You can choose other general aspects such as: The number of exercises. The maximum time. Whether or not you want a visible timer for the activity. If you want to include inactivity warning or not. Modify the...

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### Celebrities with neurological and mental disorders

- Published: 2022-03-31
- Modified: 2024-10-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/celebrities-with-neurological-and-mental-disorders/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s, bipolar disorder, Cerebral Palsy, Depression, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, parkinson&#039;s, prosopagnosia, Stroke

Whether you are rich or poor, famous or not, we can all be affected by illness. Athletes, politicians, actors, singers, etc. : illness does not discriminate. Today, we will address the neurological and mental disorders suffered by some celebrities. 1. Bruce Willis  - Aphasia Aphasia is caused by damage to one or more areas of the brain that has to do with language, according to the US National Institutes of Health. Affected are the abilities to speak, understand others, read and write. Aphasia can affect people mildly where they occasionally have difficulty finding a specific word to severely where they completely lose the ability to communicate. Aphasia affects about 2 million people in the U. S. and 250,000 people in U. K. with people of all ages groups having the possibility of being affected although more likely in middle aged to older people. Aphasia is most often caused by stroke, however any disease of damage to the areas of the brain that control language could cause it. There are various classifications of Aphasia each affecting things like speech repetition, naming, auditory comprehension and language fluency. Aphasia has traditionally been described as a language deficit, but recent studies show that other deficits in cognitive areas such as attention, memory, executive functions and learning can occur at the same time. 2. Brad Pitt suffers from prosopagnosia Brad Pitt suffers from a neurological disorder called prosopagnosia, as he admittedin 2013 during an interview with Esquire magazine. This condition, also known as face blindness or facial agnosia, is a...

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### Rehabilitation of attention and inhibition in ADHD

- Published: 2022-03-28
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-adhd/rehabilitation-of-attention-and-inhibition-in-adhd/
- Categories: Activities for ADHD
- Tags: ADHD, Cognitive Stimulation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neurorehabilitation

Alicia Lage, psychologist authorized to practice health activities and neuropsychologist at SINAPSIS Clinic, explains how to carry out the rehabilitation of attention and inhibition in a case of ADHD through the NeuronUP platform. The work of SINAPSIS SINAPSIS is a psychology and speech therapy center, recognized as a health center by the Xunta de Galicia, located in the town of Burela in the province of Lugo. Our clinic was created with the purpose of guaranteeing specialized care for children and adolescents and adults through a multidisciplinary intervention based on interventions that have shown greater empirical support, hence our confidence in the NeuronUP platform for the rehabilitation of attention and inhibition in ADHD. The importance of assessment and diagnosis for the design of an intervention program ADHD is a neurobiological disorder involving noradrenergic circuits, a pathway that controls maintenance functions of learning, attention and memory systems, and dopaminergic circuits, whose fundamental functions are the maintenance of motor tone, motivation and reward systems, and memory and attention processes. Assessment processes Based on the executive functions protocol of Tirapu et al. based on factor analysis (Tirapu, Cordero, Luna, Hernáez, 2017), the processes involved to perform an assessment are: processing speed, attention, working memory, access to memory information stores, verbal and motor inhibition, cognitive flexibility, planning, branching and decision making. Assessment as a starting point for the rehabilitation of attention and inhibition in ADHD The results of this assessment and its interpretation lead to the design of an individualized intervention plan tailored to the...

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### Memorize the Constellations - New episodic memory worksheet for kids!

- Published: 2022-03-24
- Modified: 2022-03-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/memorize-the-constellations-new-episodic-memory-worksheet-for-kids/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Children activities for cognitive stimulation, episodic memory, Kids, Neurorehabilitation

What does it consist of? Children have to remember the position of a series of dots by drawing a picture with them. In the following video we show you an example of the activity at the intermediate level: https://youtu. be/Bcs9EXmslYg Working on memorization Depending on our abilities, what we have to memorize or how much time we have available, we must choose one mnemonic strategy or another. With Memorize the Constellations the children will work on the memorization of various elements through a whole, instead of element by element, since, in this case, there are many of them. Attractive theme In addition, we do it through an attractive theme for children, since they have to memorize a series of stars, so they can imagine the constellations that these would form in the sky. Levels of difficulty Memorize the Constellations is a worksheet and, like all NeuronUP worksheets, it is organized by five levels of difficulty: Basic;Easy;Medium;Difficult;Advanced. Ways to work with this episodic memory card for children Correction mode: the platform corrects the child after each action. Free mode: the platform does not correct the child until the end of the exercise. What does this activity work? Memorize the Constellations works: Episodic memory. Spatial relationship. Format This activity can be worked both digitally with a computer, tablet or interactive whiteboard, and on paper. Languages to work with this card This memory activity for children can be done in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese. Adult version of this activity Memorize the Constellations has an adult...

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### UNIR uses NeuronUP for hands-on remote learning in clinical neuropsychology

- Published: 2022-03-23
- Modified: 2024-09-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/training/education-testimonials/unir-uses-neuronup-for-hands-on-remote-learning-in-clinical-neuropsychology/
- Categories: Education Testimonials
- Tags: Master, Neuropsychological Assessment, Neuropsychological Intervention, Practical Training, Remote Learning, Testimonial

The clinical neuropsychologist and director of the Master in Clinical Neuropsychology at UNIR, Raquel Balmaseda, provides insights on the fundamental role that NeuronUP plays towards practical training in clinical neuropsychology. Neuropsychologists and professionals dedicated to cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation have often encountered the problem of the lack of specific materials to carry out their work. Not infrequently we have had to adapt exercises and tasks that were not designed to work with neurological patients. We have even had to create new exercises, cutting, gluing and laminating materials to use in neurorehabilitation sessions, wasting time that could be used working with patients. I know that many professionals know very well what I am talking about. Almost two decades ago, computer-based cognitive stimulation programs began to appear. On the one hand, they facilitated the neuropsychologist's task, but on the other hand, they were programs without much scope, quite expensive and rigid. NeuronUP is a platform that represents a before and after in this type of cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation tool. Why did we choose NeuronUP? Designed by neuropsychologists for neuropsychologists Firstly, NeuronUP is designed by professionals for professionals. This is essential because only the professional who does cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation knows what is needed to work with specific patients from this perspective. Breakdown by age and function Secondly, because it is a tool that has taken into account the neuropsychologist's way of working. The platform divides patients into adults and children, since they require different approaches and materials, and, by functions...

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### Prevention of cognitive decline in the healthy population

- Published: 2022-03-21
- Modified: 2024-09-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/prevention-of-cognitive-decline-in-the-healthy-population/
- Categories: Cognitive Impairment
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Testimonial

At AVAN Foundation we work to improve the quality of life of people affected by neurological diseases, offering support to family members and their environment. We work with patients who suffer the consequences of having suffered brain damage or a neurodegenerative disease. In addition, we work with a healthy population with the aim of preventing cognitive decline. We approach the treatment through a multidisciplinary team, offering speech therapy, physiotherapy, neuropsychology, occupational therapy and psychological support. Neurogym Program We currently live in a society where the pace of it implies that the general population is subjected to different sources of stress that interfere in our daily functioning, both physically, cognitively and emotionally. If we add to this fact that normal aging involves a series of changes at the cerebral level, it leads us to the need to prevent this cognitive decline or degenerative process by stimulating the cognitive brain functions in the same way that our physique asks us for a certain degree of activity to maintain functionality. For this reason, at AVAN we offer the Neurogym program, directed by a neuropsychologist. The overall objective is to improve the cognitive performance of the person through the implementation of different activities that enhance and maintain mental functions and prevent cognitive decline. How is the prevention of cognitive decline carried out? The program is divided into four blocks: In the theoretical block it is intended to provide information on different aspects that may be related to our brain health, such as the functioning...

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### 3 easy ways to add your certificate to LinkedIn

- Published: 2022-03-17
- Modified: 2022-03-17
- URL: https://neuronup.us/training/3-easy-ways-to-add-your-certificate-to-linkedin/
- Categories: Training
- Tags: LinkedIn, LinkedIn Certificate, LinkedIn Certification, LinkedIn Skills, NeuronUP, NeuronUP Certificate, Training

Add your NeuronUP certificate to your LinkedIn profile Want to enhance your professional profile on LinkedIn? Add the NeuronUP certificate to your LinkedIn profile and show everyone your knowledge of the leading cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation platform! How to add your certificate to LinkedIn Here's how to do it: On LinkedIn, below the profile picture you will find a button "add profile section", if you click on it you will see the dropdown pictured below. And by clicking on "Add licenses & certifications" you will be able to add your certificate to LinkedIn. You can also add your certificate to LinkedIn below in the "Licenses & certifications" section by clicking on the + sign. Once clicked, a pop-up window like the one below will open. There you will be able to fill in your certificate data. Steps In the Name field, enter the name of the certificate (for example, NeuronUP Expert Certificate). In the Issuing organization field, search for and select NeuronUP. Where it says Issue date, select the month and year you obtained the certificate. Select the option: This credential does not expire. Leave the Credential ID and Credential URL blank. After adding your details, click Save. And you're done! How to add your certificate under "Featured" Likewise, you will be able to add the diploma in the "Featured" section. Once more, below the profile picture, by clicking on "add featured", then clicking on the + sign and finally in the pop-up window by clicking on "Add media". This way, you will be able...

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### Speech therapy and language disorders in Parkinson's disease

- Published: 2022-03-14
- Modified: 2022-03-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/speech-therapy-and-language-disorders-in-parkinsons-disease/
- Categories: Parkinson’s
- Tags: Communication, Language Disorders, Myofunctional therapy, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson&#039;s Disease, Speech-Language Pathologist, Swallowing

Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disease that affects muscle movement and the central nervous system. Among the functions it affects, there are two of vital importance: communication and swallowing. These two areas are worked on through speech therapy, the language area being fundamental in Parkinson's, so that the patient can communicate and not see his quality of life deteriorated. Parkinson's disease Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disease that was discovered in 1817 by the physician James Parkinson. And, in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) established April 11 as World Parkinson's Day. Through a chronic process, Parkinson's degenerates and destroys dopaminergic neurons, which are responsible for transmitting dopamine, necessary for muscle movement and the central nervous system. This implies neuronal cell death from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex. As a result, the person sees different functions altered: sensorimotor control, balance, gait, autonomic function, mood, cognition, communication (language in Parkinson's and facial expression) and swallowing (the passage of food or other substances from the mouth to the stomach). The disease affects each person differently. There are different pharmacological treatments and palliative treatments to control muscular symptoms, which are dealt with by physiotherapy professionals; and symptoms at the communication level, which are treated from the area of speech therapy, specifically language in Parkinson's disease. The aim of both therapies is to improve the patient's quality of life. How does Parkinson's affect speech? Up to 90% of people with Parkinson's have speech and voice disorders at some point during the course of the disease... .

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### Intervention in Children with High Intellectual Ability

- Published: 2022-03-11
- Modified: 2022-06-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/psychology/intervention-in-children-with-high-intellectual-ability/
- Categories: Psychology
- Tags: Attention, Child Neuropsychology, HIA, High Intellectual Abilities, Neurorehabilitation, Psychology, Social Skills

High Intellectual Ability (HIA) When the intelligence quotient (IQ) of an individual is around or above 130 we can affirm that the person has a high intellectual capacity. The intelligence test is used to evaluate the quotient. Currently, the predominant paradigm in this field is that of multiple intelligences contributed by Howard Gardner. Thus, we must differentiate between high capacities with a predominance in one area such as logical-mathematical, spatial, linguistic, musical, intrapersonal, among others. In the field of intelligence we must take into account precocity, that is, the speed with which a skill or knowledge is acquired in terms of chronological age. This will give us an indicator of the child's needs as well as the possibility of carrying out a more adequate and individualized program. What are people with high abilities like? In general, people with high abilities are subject to pressures and stress both from others and from themselves, since they usually have a low tolerance to frustration, which results in a more unhealthy self-esteem and self-concept. In addition, they tend to have a strong sense of justice and a preference for perfectionism. Although it is true that not everything has to be fulfilled, it is a portrait that is usually observed to a great extent. Psychological intervention in children with HIA Children with high abilities need psychological help to provide them with certain tools to cope with the world around them, but especially with the emotional world. This is where NeuronUP comes into play. How to...

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### New memory activity for Adults - Obstacles on the Road

- Published: 2022-03-10
- Modified: 2022-03-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/new-memory-activity-for-adults-obstacles-on-the-road/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Activities for improving memory, episodic memory, Memory, Planning

We are launching this new activity thanks to the suggestion of one of our clients working with Multiple Sclerosis patients. Thanks again for your involvement in the creation of new activities! We would like to take this opportunity to encourage the rest of our customers to do the same, by writing your suggestions to suggestions@neuronup. com. What does the activity consist of? This memory activity for adults called Highway Obstacles consists of memorizing a series of obstacles and then finding an appropriate route to the office by car, avoiding them. In the following video we show you an example of the activity at the medium level: https://youtu. be/T6eN03M6cJE Levels by difficulty Highway Obstacles is a worksheet and, like all NeuronUP worksheets, it is organized by five levels of difficulty: Basic;Easy;Medium;Difficult;Advanced. Ways to work this memory activity for children Correction mode: the platform corrects the patient after each action. Free mode: the platform does not correct the patient until the end of the exercise. What does this activity work? Highway Obstacles works: Episodic Memory. Planning. Application in daily life It is an ideal activity to work on memory and mental organization. Very useful in daily life to prepare tasks such as: Going from place to place by avoiding going through problematic areas. Running errands in a functional way. Format This activity can be worked both digitally with a computer, tablet or interactive whiteboard, as well printed to paper. Langauges available on this worksheet This memory activity for adults can be worked with children in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese... . .

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### Brief anatomical basis of attention

- Published: 2022-03-08
- Modified: 2022-03-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/brief-anatomical-basis-of-attention/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: Attention

The following is a brief anatomical basis of attention. We are not looking for an exhaustive bibliographical or theoretical exhaustiveness of the concept, only a brief exposition of the main nodes involved in the attentional process, and how they do it. We will start from Posner's model (which is the most widely accepted) and implement it with current research. Attention is "the selection of information for conscious processing and action, as well as the maintenance of the alertness required for attentional processing" (Posner and Bourke, 1999). Fundamental concepts of attention Posner (1995) points out three fundamental concepts of attention. Attention does not process information; it merely enables or inhibits that processing. Attention can be differentiated anatomically from information processing systems. Attention is supported by anatomical networks; it does not belong to a specific area of the brain, nor is it a global product of the brain. The brain areas involved in attention do not have the same function; rather, different functions are supported by different areas. It is not a unitary function. Esto es muy importante ya que permite diferenciar el sistema de procesamiento atencional del sistema de This is very important because it allows differentiating the attentional processing system from the perceptual processing system, or others, which is very relevant from the evaluative point of view. Attention, therefore, has two main functions: maintaining the state of alertness (VIGILANCE) and selecting the information to which resources will be devoted (MONITORING AND CONTROL). It selects the mechanisms and information to be manipulated. The...

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### Confabulations (Vol. II): theoretical models

- Published: 2022-02-24
- Modified: 2022-02-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/confabulations-vol-ii-theoretical-models/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Confabulation, Memory

Confabulations can be defined as false memories due to a retrieval problem, where the patient is unaware that he/she is confabulating and has the belief that the memory is true. In a previous post, the classification, neuropathology and underlying cognitive mechanisms that contribute to the appearance of confabulations were briefly explained. In this second part, the major neuropsychological models proposed to explain confabulations will be outlined. Theoretical models of confabulation Early models that were proposed to account for confabulations considered themas a compensatory mechanism resulting from the need to fill gaps in memory. However, this theory is considered outdated nowadays as current motivational models suggest that emotional processes may account for the content of confabulations . Neuropsychological explanations have postulated two large groups of theoretical models: temporality theories and retrieval theories . 1. 1. Temporality theories Temporality theories understand confabulation as the result of a disturbed sense of chronology or temporal confusion; thus, confabulating patients can remember the content of events but not their order of occurrence. This explanation stems from the observation that, in many cases, confabulations can be traced back to real memories which are misplaced in time. There are different versions of this account: According to Dalla Barba et al. ,confabulation reflects a distortion of temporal consciousness. This temporal consciousness comprises three dimensions (past, present and future). The authors suggest that confabulatorsare aware of the past, present and future but that, due to a deficit in the ability to ascribe memory representations to specific moments in time, they confuse their memories along those three temporal dimensions; as a...

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### Where are the cats? - New episodic memory activity for kids

- Published: 2022-02-24
- Modified: 2022-02-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/where-are-the-cats-new-episodic-memory-activity-for-kids/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Children activities for cognitive stimulation, episodic memory, Kids, Memory

New memory activity for children! Where are the cats? is the new NeuronUP game to work on episodic memory in a fun way. What does it consist of? It consists of memorizing the boxes that the cats are in and once the cats hide, remembering which boxes they were in and clicking on them. It seems easy, but there are more and more cats and the task becomes very challenging in the later levels! In the following video we show you an example of the game in a medium level: https://youtu. be/hzlVZHr1bRM Advantages of free memorization time This game has unlimited memorization time for the child to see the position of the cats. This has two advantages:: Avoid boredom for those children who can memorize quicklyTo prevent children who are slower in the memorization process from getting frustrated. They will have all the time they need to develop the memorization strategy that is best for them. Remember that the time will be recorded in the results section. This will be very useful when analyzing their abilities and evolution. Motivating and fun design We know that the kids that you work with love these kind of activities, so we wanted to make an appropriate and motivating design for the kiddos. What does this activity work? Episodic Memory. Ways to work with this game Where are the cats? is a game and as such it can be worked in two ways: 1. By levels The game is divided by levels. Level 1 being...

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### Mental health of healthcare workers

- Published: 2022-02-14
- Modified: 2023-10-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/psychology/mental-health-of-healthcare-workers/
- Categories: Psychology
- Tags: Burnout, Covid-19, Healthcare, Mental Health, Neurorehabilitation, Physical Health, Self-care

Working in the healthcare field in any capacity can be rewarding. It can also be very stressful. During the Covid-19 pandemic, mental health of healthcare workers made headlines, as nurses on the front lines talked openly about the toll long hours, stress, and lack of essential supplies took on them. Demands of working in the neurorehabilitation field and impact on the physical and mental health of healthcare workers When you work in a neuro rehab setting, you’re constantly exposed to patients who are struggling to regain their strength and improve their quality of life. They are always in need of encouragement and support. Workers in this demanding field often forget to practice self-care. If a healthcare worker doesn't take proper care of their mental health, they can’t offer quality care to others, especially those who are dealing with life-altering injuries or disabilities. Working in this field is physically and mentally demanding. Any healthcare field can be stressful. As a nurse or healthcare practitioner, it’s up to you to find ways to care of your own mental health. Long hours at work will require quality rest and relaxation time. This type of work can also be physically demanding. Many choose to cope with the stress and physical demands by using drugs or alcohol. The mental health of healthcare workers is essential to their ability to do their jobs. When you’re at work, you may find yourself skipping meals, doing without much-needed sleep, or forgetting to be mindful of your surroundings. It's...

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### Fragile X syndrome as told from an insider

- Published: 2022-02-01
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/fragile-x-syndrome-as-told-from-an-insider/
- Categories: Intellectual disability
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Fragile X Syndrome, Rare Diseases, Testimonial

The child psychologist of the Catalan Association of Fragile X Syndrome, Laura Ruiz, tells the experience of the organization and its patients with NeuronUP. She also explains their new line of work focused on cognitive stimulation of children between 6 and 12 years old affected by FXS. What is fragile X syndrome? Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited genetic condition caused by a defect in the FMR1 gene located on the X chromosome; this gene provides instructions for making a protein called FMRP. Mutations in the FMR1 gene prevents the gene from producing FMRP, which is necessary for normal neuronal development. FXS affects 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 6,000 females, and 1 in 250 carrier females show no clear symptoms. Although it is a very rare syndrome, it is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disabilities. Fragile x syndrome characteristics FSX causes a range of problems including learning disabilities and intellectual delay. Individuals with FXS may have features of autism spectrum disorders, as well as features of ADHD and impulsivity. The clinical presentation of FXS varies greatly among males and females. Females with FXS are less impaired than their male counterparts regarding cognitive functioning and have a higher rate of learning disability in mathematics. In addition, females with FXS are more vulnerable to social anxiety. The Associació Catalana Síndrome X Fràgil The Associació Catalana Síndrome X Fràgil (the Fragile X Syndrome Association of Catalonia) was founded in 1995 by a group of parents whose children were diagnosed with FXS. At present, we are an...

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### Neuropsychological stimulation in dyslexia with digital tools

- Published: 2022-02-01
- Modified: 2022-02-01
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/dyslexia/neuropsychological-stimulation-in-dyslexia-with-digital-tools/
- Categories: Dyslexia
- Tags: Child Neuropsychology, Diagnosis of dyslexia, Dyslexia, Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neuropsychological stimulation in dyslexia, Neuropsychology, Neurorehabilitation

Literacy is the key that opens a new world of learning in childhood. In this great leap, dyslexia acts as an anchor that prevents progress. Fortunately, neuropsychological stimulation in dyslexia allows children to “unwind”, learn and overcome dyslexia. But in recent months, as psychologists, we have faced an unexpected problem: How to continue the interventions without working with the little ones physically? In the new path that we have undertaken in our center, Valpe Psychologists, we fortunately found NeuronUP. We would like to share with you our experience with a case of a child with dyslexia. What is dyslexia: meaning of dyslexia Dyslexia is a reading and writing learning disorder in which children with cognitive normative abilities have difficulty reciting the alphabet, naming letters, making simple rhymes, classifying sounds, reading fluently, or understanding what they are reading. Abilities to stimulate in dyslexia Literacy is a complex activity that involves different processes (e. g. access to pronunciation, identification of visual stimuli or grapheme-phoneme conversion) and different cognitive functions (perception, memory, attention, vocabulary). The processes or skills to be trained are specific to each child, so it is very important to carry out a complete evaluation to identify which skills need to be trained in each case. Dyslexia in children: Carlos’ case In our case, Carlos started working with us when he was 7 years old. His family told us that since pre-school Carlos had difficulties with letters. The family consulted with the teachers on several occasions, but they were told that in time he would adapt. Carlos is...

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### Visual gnosis activity for adults

- Published: 2022-01-27
- Modified: 2022-01-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-gnosis/visual-gnosis-activity-for-adults/
- Categories: Activities of Gnosis
- Tags: Adult activities for cognitive stimulation, Attention, Gnosis, selective attention, Visual Agnosia activities, Visual Gnosis

Introducing a new visual gnosis activity for adults! Sort the Money is an exercise with high ecological value for adults to become familiar with and identify the coins and banknotes of their country's (or others! ) currency. What does it consist of? Sort the Money consists of classifying coins and banknotes by their value. In this video we show you how to play: https://youtu. be/Yv82N0U9Ofg What is the objective of this activity? The objective of this exercise is to teach adults how to handle money, since patients have to identify all the coins and banknotes as to not confuse them. High ecological value Sort the Money is an exercise with high ecological value. In our day to day life, money management is fundamental. What does this activity work? This activity works: Visual gnosis, since patients have to detect, identify and differentiate each coin and bill. Selective attention because they have to sort through mixed denominations at once. Ways to work with this activity of visual gnosis for adults. Sort the money is a generator and, as with all NeuronUP generators, it generates unlimited and ecological activities. The patient will learn what to do (put the coins and bills in the correct place), but they'll never be able to memorize the activity, as every new activity will always be slightly different than the previous. And, like all NeuronUP generators, it has three ways you can work with it: 1. Correction Mode The platform gives feedback while the patient does the activity letting them know...

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### New activity to work on episodic memory with children

- Published: 2022-01-14
- Modified: 2022-01-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/new-activity-to-work-on-episodic-memory-with-children/
- Categories: Activities for kids
- Tags: Activities for children, episodic memory, Inhibition, Kids

The First Dog - a new activity to work on episodic memory with children


The first activity of 2022 of NeuronUP is here! The First Dog is an activity to work on episodic memory with children. What is this activity to work on episodic memory with children? This game consists of remembering the first dog that moves in a series. The child must remember it and click on it once prompted to do so. The following video we show you how to play: https://youtu. be/n6FVmdXeGYc What does this activity work? This NeuronUP activity works inhibition and episodic memory. Ways to work with the game The First Dog The First Dog is a NeuronUP game and, like all NeuronUP games, it can be played in two ways: 1. By levels The game is divided into levels. Level1 being the easiest and level 9 the most complicated. The patient will automatically level up or down according to his or her correct answers or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the level manually. 2. Customized levels In addition, customized phases can be created to adapt them to the specific needs of each child. 2. 1. General features You can customize other general aspects such as: The number of exercises. The maximum time. Whether or not you want a visible timer for the activity. If you want to include inactivity warning or not. Modify the instructions. 2. 2 Parameters In addition, in this exercise to work episodic memory with children we will be able to define some parameters of the activity such as: The size of the matrix. The number of dogs that move. Time of...

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### Take a look at the 10 most used NeuronUP activities in 2021

- Published: 2022-01-11
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/take-a-look-at-the-10-most-used-neuronup-activities-in-2021/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, NeuronUP activities, NeuronUP functionality, Neurorehabilitation, neurorehabilitation activities

Happy New Year readers! We at NeuronUp enjoy all the year end lists come January! It's fun to look back at the best music, movies, restaurants, bars, etc that we all loved (or find out that we missed! ) during the year. NeuronUP didn't want to get left out of the fun so we've made a list of the 10 most used NeuronUP activities in 2021. Enjoy! List of the 10 most used NeuronUP activities in 2021 Here are the 10 most used exercises by NeuronUP professionals and patients in 2021. 1. Memorization by Forming Pictures How is it played? This NeuronUP worksheet for adults consists of remembering the position of a series of dots by forming a drawing with them, as shown in the following video:  https://youtu. be/Nj2HlpmO2z8 Play by levels In the simplest levels, the patient will have fewer dots to remember, however, as the level increases, the dots will increase. What does this activity work? Episodic Memory Spacial relation Format This worksheet is available in both digital and printable formats. 2. Sort the Words Alphabetically How is it played? This generator consists of sorting words in alphabetical order. Here's an example: https://youtu. be/-64B3AT5twg Personalization You can customize the activity to suit the individual needs and capabilities of each paitent. You can even choose the words you want to appear. For example, the names of your favorite basketball players or your patient's family member names. What does this activity work? Working memory Reading Semantic memory Format This generator/worksheet is available in...

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### Neurorehabilitation in brain injury: dual tasks and new technologies

- Published: 2021-12-31
- Modified: 2024-09-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neurorehabilitation-in-brain-injury-dual-tasks-and-new-technologies/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: ABI, Brain Injury, Dual Performance, Neurorehabilitation

The performance of neurorehabilitation activities that require the involvement of different processes allows a more comprehensive and realistic approach to how our brain works and how it recovers after suffering brain damage. Nowadays, new technologies allow us to perform these integrated tasks in an effective and motivating way for patients. As a result, we promote better results in the rehabilitation process. Brain injury and neurorehabilitation Suffering brain damage usually causes patients to be affected in different spheres of their functioning, the most common being those that compromise the motor, cognitive, emotional and behavioral spheres (Wilson et al. , 2017). Such involvement causes significant changes in their daily functioning, as well as in that of their family members (D'Ippolito et al. , 2018). Traditionally, from neurorehabilitation, each professional has intervened in the corresponding sphere. On many occasions, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, neuropsychologists, etc. have performed an ideally coordinated and complementary, but independent, approach. However, the human brain functions in an integrated way, the different processes work in an interconnected way, for example, any relatively complex motor activity requires an adjusted cognitive performance in order to be performed as efficiently as possible. Thus, in everyday life, we never perform an activity such as walking in isolation, at the same time we are thinking about where we are going, where we should go, what we will do when we arrive at our destination, or even talking to our companion. In the same way, doing an activity like cooking, we have to stand up, move...

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### ADHD Treatment with Neurofeedback

- Published: 2021-12-31
- Modified: 2021-12-31
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/adhd-treatment-with-neurofeedback/
- Categories: ADHD
- Tags: ADHD, Adolescents, Dyslexia, Neurofeedback, NeuronUP2GO, Neurorehabilitation

The cognitive process of attention allows us to access the world around us. The brain is concerned with filtering stimuli from the environment, focusing on the important ones and suppressing irrelevant ones. In order to learn and to carry out our daily activities, we need to pay attention. Attention problems can affect other cognitive functions, in addition to bringing with them social, academic and/or occupational impairment. Therefore, poor attention management not only leads to academic failure but also to unproductiveness at work and anxiety in any event that requires concentration at low levels of environmental feedback. ADHD treatment with Neurofeedback optimizes attention, stress management and concentration. It is a brain training where feedback is obtained in real time. What is ADHD? Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity is a neurobiologically based disorder. The condition usually begins in childhood and persists into adulthood (crying babies, disruptive students, adults who are unstable in their activities, etc. ). It manifests as difficulty or impossibility to maintain attention in an activity for a prolonged period of time, they are easily distracted, they cannot organize their day, watch a complete movie, forget their obligations, forget their class schedules, lose things, do not pay attention to details, among other significant behaviors. When these symptoms are associated with disinhibition, they cannot control their impulses, cannot sit still, have difficulty waiting and interrupt other people when they are talking. However, they are able to attend to what motivates and interests them but, in such cases, they find it...

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### Autism in women and executive functions

- Published: 2021-12-27
- Modified: 2022-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/autism-in-women-and-executive-functions/
- Categories: ASD
- Tags: ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Branching, Dual Performance, Executive Functions, iCognitive Flexibility, Inhibition, Planning, processing speed, Verbal Memory, Working Memory

Autism in women Statistics say that 1 out of 66 people live with autism and that there is one woman for every 4 men. Women take longer to be diagnosed and when they require help the need is much more evident than that required by men. The social aspect is the one that denotes this condition with or without diagnosis. The skills that make up the executive functions play a very important role in the management of fear and conflict that generally accompany a woman living with autism. Autism, a sea of realities The sea is blue, bright, sometimes calm and peaceful and sometimes dark, stormy and tempestuous. The same happens with autism, that is why the color blue has been associated with the condition. The female sex has long been identified with the color pink. Nowadays this social practice has faded away. In this case, it will be used in order to elaborate an idea and address an important issue by going beyond the title. The theme of inclusion will always be possible to address at another time. The sea shines when it is calm and allows the sun to reflect. Fear, anxiety and even depression make that calmness disappear from any person, giving way to behaviors that are not only disruptive but also dangerous. Locking herself in her room, in the closet; throwing herself onto the beanbag wanting to sink until disappearing, playing with fire, biting her nails, pulling her hair, eating past being full, laughing, crying... becoming...

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### Hybrid cognitive stimulation of preventive groups with NeuronUP

- Published: 2021-12-22
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/hybrid-cognitive-stimulation-of-preventive-groups-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News, Neuropsychology, Neuroscience
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Neurorehabilitation, Telerehabilitation

Vanessa Guilarte, neuropsychologist at MemoriK cognitive stimulation centers for the elderly, reveals the benefits of working with NeuronUP for cognitive stimulation of preventive groups in hybrid mode. In memoriK we specialize in providing cognitive stimulation services that are tailored to the needs of each patient. Age, physical condition, cognitive performance, availability or economic possibilities, are some of the variables that we consider to provide the best service. Thus, we have a wide variety of patients with different profiles: those who come to the center, those who prefer sessions from home, those with no or little cognitive impairment, those with a more moderate level, and many more. In this opportunity we share with you how we carry out cognitive stimulation activities in hybrid modality of our cognitive impairment prevention group, or as we warmly call them in our center: the experts. Hybrid cognitive stimulation of preventive groups It is not news that in 2020 all sectors have had to modify and restructure their strategies to continue offering their services. In our case, we have adopted the basic hygiene and safety regulations for face-to-face cognitive stimulation sessions. In addition, we have made use of online conferencing to continue providing sessions to patients who feel more comfortable and secure from their homes. Thus was born this new modality for us: a fusion between online and face-to-face, a hybrid cognitive stimulation group. How do we do hybrid cognitive stimulation? We selected a frequency of twice a week where all patients could come to the...

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### Awareness of deficits in recovery from acquired brain injury

- Published: 2021-12-14
- Modified: 2021-12-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/awareness-of-deficits-in-recovery-from-acquired-brain-injury/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: ABI, Acquired Brain Injury, anosognosia, Neurorehabilitation

The study of consciousness remains a mystery to contemporary science. However, it is increasingly becoming a key factor in the recovery of patients who have suffered an acquired brain injury. Many therapeutic processes of neuropsychological rehabilitation fail because they cannot count on the patient's collaboration, as he or she does not adhere to the prescribed guidelines, refuses to undergo group rehabilitation sessions or does not show up for scheduled consultations. This is not due to a lack of will or understanding, but is part of a neuropsychological disturbance that causes the patient not to perceive his deficit and to act as if everything is fine. What is consciousness? Consciousness is an extremely complex construct. If today we do not have a univocal definition of this mental function, it is probably because of its extraordinary ubiquity in the brain and its multifaceted nature. The British philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) defined consciousness as the "perception of what is going on in one's own mind". More modern definitions hold that consciousness is characterized as "a private, personal, subjective and qualitative state of mind that integrates in a unitary, coherent and continuous way multiple personal experiences (qualia)". Differences between conscious and consciousness To be conscious would be the same as being awake and alert, receptive to the stimuli of the environment, so that consciousness from this point of view would be what one has when awake and what one loses when deeply asleep or under anesthesia. Consciousness, on the other hand, would refer more...

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### Fake It ’Til You Make It : The Effect of Body Posture on Attitude and Cognitive Performance

- Published: 2021-12-09
- Modified: 2021-12-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/fake-it-til-you-make-it-the-effect-of-body-posture-on-attitude-and-cognitive-performance/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: Cognitive Flexibility, Cognitive Function, cognitive training

We are used to reading that nonverbal language—our gestures and body postures—reveals our mood or psychological state, something we reflect even in our metaphorical way of speaking when using expressions such as “to carry the weight of the world on one's  shoulders”, used in reference to a feeling of worry or responsibility, and “to hold your head high”, which alludes to a sense of pride. But what happens if we adopt a similar posture on purpose? Can certain body postures change our mood or psychological state? Can certain body postures change your psychological state? Columbia University researcher Dana R. Carney and her research group wondered about this question and carried out a study to test whether adopting high-power poses (expansive postures with open limbs, which in nature are associated with a high level of power or rank of the individual who exhibits them) causes psychological, physiological, and behavioral changes, which make participants feel and behave in a manner consistent with what has been observed in powerful individuals. High-power posers, in addition to adopting more expansive and open body poses which project dominance, were also more willing to engage in action and take more risks, and felt more powerful and in charge . On the contrary, low-power posers exhibited the opposite pattern. Participants in the low-power group held contractive, closed poses (limbs touching the torso) which project low power; they also took fewer risks during the experiment. In addition, in humans and other animals, the neuroendocrine profiles of powerful and...

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### Compound Serotonin Receptor Shows Encouraging Results in Schizophrenia Patients

- Published: 2021-12-09
- Modified: 2021-12-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/serotonin-and-schizophrenia/
- Categories: Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with no definite cure yet. It means that someone suffering from the disease will have to endure it for their entire life with only a few ways to manage. Compared to other mental conditions like depression, schizophrenia is not very common; about 7 in every 1,000 people in the U. S. have it. The lack of a cure stems from the fact that researchers have to be able to pin down an exact cause for the condition, which is yet to take place. Altered brain chemistry, genetics, and environmental factors are some of the underlying elements that are associated with schizophrenia. A schizophrenic loses touch with reality, experiences difficulty with mental acuity and memory. Confused thoughts, auditory hallucinations, and withdrawal from social interactions are just some of the other symptoms of the disorder. Schizophrenia symptoms are categorized as positive, like hallucinations and delusions or negative such as being withdrawn and lacking motivation. As the disorder progresses, the symptoms can be quite debilitating. Over the years, researchers have been trying different treatments to minimize the effects of these symptoms and one of them is the use of compound serotonin.  In one study, researchers explained that a new class of compounds could be used to treat schizophrenia. The compounds work on a serotonin receptor that was not previously targeted. Researchers claim that this treatment is more effective than conventional options and presents fewer side effects than psychotics. Relationship between Serotonin and Schizophrenia Serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine...

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### Social functioning in schizophrenia

- Published: 2021-12-09
- Modified: 2021-12-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/social-functioning-in-schizophrenia/
- Categories: Schizophrenia
- Tags: Schizophrenia, Social Cognition, Social Skills

Interpersonal difficulties have been widely described in individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders and, specifically, they are a major feature of schizophrenia.

The most common social deficits include, for example, problems in conversing, managing conflict, or acting assertively with family, friends, community members, or co-workers. These limitations are highly disabling and as a result, social skills training (SST) is considered an essential part in the treatment of schizophrenia and its inclusion is recommended in multiple clinical practice guidelines for schizophrenia. Treatments for improving interpersonal functioning in schizophrenia The current treatments available for improving interpersonal functioning in schizophrenia can be divided into two groups: those derived from behaviorism and those based on promoting social cognition. Treatments derived from behaviorism The general objective of the first group of treatments is to improve the social functioning of patients through a systematic training of socially effective behaviors; this model is based on theories of behavior modification and social learning. Some studies support the effectiveness of such interventions in improving psychosocial functioning in patients with schizophrenia, and even in reducing psychotic symptoms, relapse rate, and hospitalizations. However, more recent studies reveal that the effects of these interventions and the generalization of these effects are limited. For instance, a meta-analysis conducted by Pilling et al. found no significant benefit in clinical trials using SST programs. Similarly, Kurtz and Mueser demonstrated that these interventions have a moderate effect on psychosocial functioning (d = 0. 52) and a small effect on relapse reduction (d = 0. 23). In the same vein, a recent review by the Cochrane Collaborationhas concluded that, to date, it remains unclear whether current SST programs are more effective than conventional treatments/traditional...

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### Cognitive Rehabilitation after a Stroke

- Published: 2021-12-09
- Modified: 2021-12-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/cognitive-rehabilitation-after-a-stroke/
- Categories: Stroke
- Tags: CVA, Stroke, stroke rehabilitation

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain bursts or is clogged by a blood clot or some other particle. If the blood supply which carries oxygen to the brain is stopped, the brain cells cannot function and die.  This is the brain’s equivalent of a heart attack. This is also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), embolism, or thrombosis. Types of strokes There are two types: Hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral hemorrhage: a rupturing of a blood vessel, causing bleeding into the surrounding brain. Ischemic stroke: a restriction or interruption of blood supply to brain tissues. What causes a stroke? Are strokes preventable? The answer is clear and conclusive: yes. Unmodifiable risk factors for CVA include age, gender, race/ethnicity, family history, and having had a prior CVA: Age: The risk of having a CVA increases with age, doubling every ten years after 55. Gender: Men and women have about the same number of embolism, but more than half of the deaths due to CVA occur in women. Race/Ethnicity: Black people have a higher risk of death and disability than white people due to a higher prevalence of hypertension among this group. Family history: Having a close relative with a history of CVA increases CVA risk. Prior stroke: CVA victims are at a higher risk of having another one. However, there are other risk factors that can be controlled: Tobacco useExcessive alcohol intakeIllegal drug useHypertensionHigh blood cholesterolDiabetesObesitySedentary lifestyle,Salt and fat rich dietHeart conditions such as atrial fibrillation The goal is to correct these risks factors to prevent...

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### The advantages of working with NeuronUP in child and adolescent populations

- Published: 2021-12-01
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/testimonials/the-advantages-of-working-with-neuronup-in-a-child-and-adolescent-population/
- Categories: Testimonials
- Tags: Adolescents, Kids, Testimonial

The neuropsychologist of the Centro Psicosanitario Galiani, María José Zambrana, explains in this article the advantages of working with NeuronUP in children and adolescents. At Centro Psicosanitario Galiani we have a large volume of patients between the ages of 6 and 18 who fall within our specific area of children and youth population where we use NeuronUP. Within this area we perform multidisciplinary evaluation tasks as well as specific intervention in children with problems or difficulties in some cognitive domain that have repercussions in almost 100% of the cases in the family, social, emotional, but especially in the academic/school context. Work methodology designed for the child and adolescent population In most cases a neurorehabilitation or stimulation process is initiated with these minors, usually weekly and with the aim of improving or compensating the deficits and to ensure that the patient finds the least limitations in each of the areas in which he/she develops. In these sessions the deficits are specifically worked on by means of tasks, exercises and games that make the children put into practice techniques and tools learned to improve their performance and compensate for the limitations. These sessions are prepared in a personal and individualized way by the neuropsychologist using materials and games, but above all being flexible and imaginative. Experience and challenges In my more than 4 years of experience I have seen the time and work involved in designing neurorehabilitation or cognitive stimulation sessions. In addition, I have experienced the added difficulty of having patients...

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### The remains from a shipwreck: emotional memory and Alzheimer’s

- Published: 2021-11-24
- Modified: 2021-12-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/emotional-memory-and-alzheimers/
- Categories: Alzheimer's
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s, emotional memory

The remains from a shipwreck. That’s what I like to call what Alzheimer´s doesn’t take away. And that is, in a way, the representation of what outlasts the disease after such a tremendous tsunami of destruction. After the loss of memories, identity and—why not say it—the very essence of the person,in a person with Alzheimer’s there is still room for emotional memory. We hear so much about emotional memory, which can be summarized in one word: LOVE. It is true that this disease erases memories as well as lives, but it does not erase emotions. Family members of Alzheimer’s patients, after their diagnosis and initial grief, are often afraid of not knowing how to behave or emotionally connect with them. Behind the façade that is deteriorating daily, there is a person with the same emotions as before, though these emotions are also accompanied by symptoms that are now generally known. Emotional memory in psychology In psychology, emotional memory is understood as “the emotionally charged feeling that returns every time a significant previous experience is recalled. ” In this context, we could also add “every time the patient sees a loved one, or every time someone gives the patient a hug“. Let me say that I am not aware of any case of Alzheimer’s disease in which emotional memory is not present in one way or another. All patients, regardless of the stage of their disease and itsprogression, respond positively to emotional stimuli. This, for the caregiver, provides a source of assurance and attachment to the...

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### Treatment with neurofeedback and NeuronUP in a case of global ADD.

- Published: 2021-11-24
- Modified: 2022-03-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/treatment-with-neurofeedback-and-neuronup-in-a-case-of-global-add/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ADD, Children activities for cognitive stimulation, Executive Functions

Treatment with neurofeedback and executive function training with NeuronUP in a boy with ADD A 15-year-old boy assessed with psychopedagogical tests and Swingle's ClinicalQ and whose intervention, given the results, was decided to be double. It was carried out with the neurofeedback technique and executive function training with the NeuronUP platform for this ADD case. Presentation of the case The parents, living in the USA, come to the center for the evaluation of their son during a brief stay in our country (Spain). Several age-adjusted tests are administered such as: BAS II, MATRICES, the D2 attention test, CARAS-R, attentional AGL, Stroop, MY for memory, PROLEC-SE reading and writing processes, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and also data is collected through the BRIEF and SENA questionnaires through the family and self-report and finally the ClinicalQ. Tests In these cases it is always necessary to collect data and according to these (initial questionnaires, visual, auditory symptoms, ... ) adjust the assessment tests. Although to affirm or rule out the existence of a diagnosis it is always necessary to pass tests of intelligence, attention, etc. . in order to establish an appropriate intervention plan, it is always necessary to choose whether we should delve into other areas (such as motor, visual, auditory, performing an audiometry, etc. ). Results of the combination of the treatment with neurofeedback and NeuronUP in ADD. In the present case the results were as follows. High IQ on the BAS II, accompanied and consistent with a high percentile on the MATRICES test of non-verbal...

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### Players in Order - Episodic memory game for kids

- Published: 2021-11-23
- Modified: 2021-11-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/players-in-order-episodic-memory-game-for-kids/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Activities for children, episodic memory, Kids, Memory, NeuronUP activities, Working Memory

We knew that the adult activity Sticky Notes in Order was going to be very successful, and we were right, its being used a lot! That's why we have decided to break out the children's version of this exercise as soon as possible, with a design more adapted to children and just as entertaining. We present you the memory game for children we're calling: Players in Order. ​ What does the game consist of? Children have to memorize the position of a sequence of numbers on shirts and then press them in order. In the following video we show you an example of how to work with this activity:  https://youtu. be/5E8Y-PQD4mQ What does this activity work? This NeuronUP activity works on episodic memory and working memory. Ways to work with this activity Players in Order is a NeuronUP game allowing you to work in two different ways: 1. By levels The game is divided into levels. Level 1 being the easiest and level 12 the most complicated The pateint will automatically level up or down according to his successes or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the level manually. 2. Personalized levels In addition, customized levels can be created to adapt them to the specific needs of the patient We can also set parameters of the game such as: The number of elementsType of help (hidden shirts). Size of the matrix In addition, you can customize other general aspects such as: The number of exercisesMaximum time. If you want a visible timer for the activity. If you want to include inactivity warning or not. Modify the instructions. Available...

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### Neuropsychological rehabilitation of visuospatial skills

- Published: 2021-11-18
- Modified: 2021-11-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-visuospatial-skills/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-of-visuospatial-skills/
- Categories: Activities for Visuospatial Skills
- Tags: Neurorehabilitation, Visuospatial Skills

Visuospatial skills Visuospatial skills are an innate process for any human being and therefore it is important its evaluation and intervention before any congenital or acquired brain damage. On many occasions this ability is often confused with perception or praxis and is evaluated by copying drawings, such as the King figure test, or by replicating models, such as the Kohs cubes or the Wechsler scales. But then, what are visuospatial skills? And does their intervention only involve copying and assembling objects... ? Throughout this text we will try to answer these two questions in order to understand the visuospatial process and provide strategies that allow the improvement of these skills in the face of brain damage. Definition and components of visuospatial skills Visuospatial skills are more complex than making a copy of a figure or assembling a model; this process is a set of cognitive skills associated with brain areas that are responsible for the spatial analysis of elements in order to be able to replicate them accurately, even if they are in motion (Stiles et al. , 2020). When we talk about a set of cognitive skills, we mainly refer to two processes: visuospatial perception and motor skills. One of the main components of visuospatial skills is visuospatial perception, which must be differentiated from visual perception or gnosia. The ability to identify and recognize an object is better known as visual perception and is associated with occipito-temporal networks; while the ability to analyze how different components relate in space to achieve...

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### NeuronUP to work executive functions in ADHD: the case of "G"

- Published: 2021-11-12
- Modified: 2021-11-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/adhd/neuronup-to-work-executive-functions-in-adhd-the-case-of-g/
- Categories: ADHD
- Tags: ADHD, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, NeuronUP2GO, Social Cognition

The Centro Interdisciplinario para la Atención del TDAH y Problemas de Aprendizaje (CITPA) is a place in Toluca (Mexico), formed by different specialists that includes therapists for all areas of physical and neurological development for the care of children and adolescents, covering the medical and therapeutic areas. For 10 years we have been working together to guide and accompany children with neurodevelopmental disorders and their families. Together we create action plans that allow positive changes in their schools and at home, as well as for their lives. Executive Functions in ADHD Within CITPA, the reinforcement to bring us closer to the consolidation of executive functions, is an essential part of the treatment plan to follow, since most of our patients have a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is why NeuronUP has been a really important support to be stimulating the different cognitive and executive functions in exciting, creative and innovative ways that are usually attractive to our patients. Executive Functions in ADHD: the case of "G". "G" is a bright nine-year-old girl with a diagnosis of ADHD who is currently on follow-up after an arduous therapeutic work that included, of course, the use of NeuronUP and NeuronUP2GO sessions at home. When "G" arrived at the center she could not concentrate, stay in place for short periods, had very little ability to self-regulate, poor inhibitory control as well as marked cognitive rigidity; all of this greatly complicated her interaction with her peers, as well as with her teachers... .

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### Neuropsychological rehabilitation of acquired brain damage

- Published: 2021-11-12
- Modified: 2021-11-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-of-acquired-brain-damage/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: ABI, Acquired Brain Injury, Brain Injury, Neurorehabilitation, TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury

Cognitive rehabilitation can be defined as the set of procedures applied to improve various abilities and skills such as attention, memory, language or executive functions among others. The aim is to promote greater functional independence in a wide variety of daily life situations (Wood, 1994). In this article we focus on the neuropsychological rehabilitation of persons with acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological rehabilitation program for acquired brain injury The Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, belonging to the Servicio Murciano de Salud has been developing since 2015 a neuropsychological rehabilitation program for acquired brain injury with the incorporation of a clinical psychologist in the neurology/physical medicine and rehabilitation service. The work we have been developing, focuses on four main blocks at neuropsychological and clinical level: Cognitive stimulation program. It is based on neuropsychological models that offer empirical evidence. For this we plan the sessions and the patients elaborate pencil and paper exercises, but we also focus on the NeuronUP platform, in order to generate a basis (recovery, substitution or compensation of the function) where we can later generalize what we have learned and favor the ecological validity of the intervention. NeuronUP allows us to select a specific function to work on, compare results in the same activity and give feedback. Although the attention is individualized, group work is a priority for the neuropsychological rehabilitation of acquired brain injury. Therefore, we carry out cognitive stimulation groups, where we use the NeuronUP platform, in order to work on the different neuropsychological focal...

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### Theory of the mind in schizophrenia

- Published: 2021-11-12
- Modified: 2021-12-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/theory-of-the-mind-in-schizophrenia/
- Categories: Neuropsychology, Schizophrenia
- Tags: Behavior, Cognitive Functions, Executive Functions, Schizophrenia, Working Memory

Definition The term “theory of mind” was initially proposed by Premack and Woodruff (1978) and refers to the individual’s ability to infer mental states of others such as intentions, dispositions and beliefs. Evaluation of the theory of the mind with schizophrenia Ruiz, García and Fuentes (2006) point out that generally the tests aimed at measuring the theory of the mind are usually presented in the form of comic strips on which certain questions are subsequently asked. The purpose of these questions is to evaluate two types of false beliefs in relation to history. Types of questions 1. First order questions The first-order questions are intended to assess the extent to which the evaluated subject is able to predict the behavior of a character who acts guided by an erroneous belief, Sally and Anne (Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith, 1985) and Cigarretes (Happè, 1994) would be examples of stories that pose first-order questions. 2. Second Order Questions Second order questions assess the extent to which the subject being evaluated is able to predict the false belief that one of the characters has about the belief of another character, Ice-Cream Van Store (Baron-Cohen, 1989) and Burglar Store (Happè and Frith, 1994) are tests created for asking second-order questions. Hinting Task One of the most widely used instruments in psychosis research is the Hinting Task (Corcoran, Mercer and Frith, 1995) which comprises ten short stories in which there is an interaction between two characters. All these stories end with a hint of one character to the...

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### Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: disorder or 'domain'?

- Published: 2021-11-11
- Modified: 2021-11-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/sluggish-cognitive-tempo-disorder-or-domain/
- Categories: Cognitive Impairment
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment

In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) initiated the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project in order to challenge psychiatric diagnostic systems based on polythetic (such as the APA's DSM) or monothematic (such as the WHO's ICD) categories. The RDoC proposes a new model of research in psychopathology based on the search for "domains", i. e. , evolutionary biobehavioral dimensions (present in genetic, neurobiological, behavioral, environmental and experimental models) that are reliably and validly measurable in all persons, and in which only the extremes would represent abnormality. The RDoC was clearly intended to influence profound changes in the DSM-5, which was under development at the time. The reports of the first working groups posted on the APA website appeared to have sensitive changes. At least six white papers and three other additional ones seemed to open the door to a diagnosis based more on pathophysiological pathways and basic research abandoning the traditional atheoretical stance. However, as we all know, in the end DSM-5 has maintained its unchanging tradition. Nevertheless, the open battle has not ceased, and continues to be fought in associations, scientific meetings, high impact journals, in the media and, of course, in blogs. The RDoC proposal is complex, since it is presented as a "paradigm" for research in psychopathology, but at the same time it also aims to become a taxonomic system. The key lies in the development of the "domains" and, given the conditions required to be defined, this is not an easy task. But, to give just...

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### Episodic memory game for adults

- Published: 2021-11-11
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/episodic-memory-game-for-adults/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Activities for improving memory, Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, episodic memory, Memory, neurorehabilitation activities, short-term memory, Working Memory

This week we publish a new activity for adults thanks to the suggestion of one of our clients who works at a Brain Injury Rehabilitation Center. It is called Sticky Notes in Order, an activity to work episodic memory. "We do this activity manually with actual sticky notes, but we think it could be more motivating on the computer", explained one of the professionals of the center, and we hope it will be useful for everyone! ​​ What does the patient have to do? Patients have to memorize the position of a sequence of numbers and then click on them in the correct order. In the following video we show you an example: https://youtu. be/TeZnFykMmW4? si=RUm6dFTZ7tPRODAz What does this activity work? This activity works visual episodic and short-term episodic memory. Ways to work with this game Sticky Notes in Order is a game and as such it can be played in two ways: 1. By levels The game is divided into levels. Level 1 being the easiest and level 12 the most complicated The pateint will automatically level up or down according to his successes or mistakes. In addition, the professional can choose the level manually. 2. Personalized levels In addition, customized levels can be created to adapt them to the specific needs of the patient We will be able to personalize the following parameters: The number of elements Type of help (hidden sticky notes). Size of the matrix In addition, you can customize other general aspects such as: The number of exercises Maximum time. If you want...

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### Personality disorder: what is it, nature, types, treatment and reality

- Published: 2021-11-10
- Modified: 2021-11-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-disorder/personality-disorder/personality-disorder-what-is-it-nature-types-treatment-and-reality/
- Categories: Personality Disorder
- Tags: Borderline personality disorder, Mental Health, mental illness

Our understanding of personality disorder is limited. What is it? What symptoms does it present? Why does it happen? How do you define it? How does the sufferer cope with it and how does his environment cope with it? Why does something like this exist in mankind, affecting personal and social situations of those who suffer from it and those who do not? Fundamentals of personality disorder In personality disorder there is need and suffering What does a person with personality disorder feel and think? What image does he have of himself and what meaning does he have of the world? To what extent does he access his own and other people's thoughts? Does he recognize his feelings and thoughts as incorrect? Imagine a person living with the expectation of rejection, with a personal history of maladaptive behaviors. In a job interview, unable to read the friendly attitude of the interviewer, he interprets contempt, his apparent competence shifts to an attitude of active passivity accompanied by feelings of anger and emotional pain, and finally self-invalidation. He refuses the job without finishing the interview before being judged. Why? If we look for the functionality of this behavior, we could consider that it is a way to avoid the evaluation to which he feels subjected and with it the emotional pain he suffers. To do so, he invalidates the interviewer and excludes himself before the interviewer may reject him. In the short term it is a useful behavior. We can therefore try...

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### Non-verbal learning disability

- Published: 2021-11-10
- Modified: 2021-11-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/non-verbal-learning-disability/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: NLD, NLD motor coordination, NLD visual-spatial perception, Non-verbal language, Non-verbal learning, Non-verbal learning disability

It is tempting to try to divide up cognition in order to study it, even though it is established that when we perform a task the whole brain participates in it.

More than tempting, it may allow us to have a false sense of security, as happens when we deal with executive functions (García-Molina, 2018; Tirapu-Ustárroz, Molina, Lago, & Ardila, 2012). But, as is already known, in these performances, many of the connected functions are acting together in a rather well-synchronized manner. This synchronization, and how we make our functioning automatic, is achieved through neurodevelopment. In neurodevelopment, there are disorders or difficulties well-known to all who work in the field of child neuropsychology, where ADHD undoubtedly stands out, a disorder that still generates a bitter debate about its existence and/or real prevalence. But in general, and while bearing ASD in mind (another of the best-known disorders), it is quite frequent to find diagnoses that indicate problems in the development of the left hemisphere such as SLI, dyslexia or dysgraphia. However, when we move to the right hemisphere, it is more difficult to find information about disorders that are based on the incorrect functioning of this hemisphere. However, Johnson and Myklebust (1967) had already described almost 50 years ago a cognitive profile in children who, far from presenting difficulties in those typical or language-related learnings, exhibited other types of problems, which were ultimately more difficult to objectify, in what they called non-verbal learning disability (NLD). Given the considerable lack of knowledge we have about it, the aim of this post is to describe NLD, and to reflect on the reasons for it, which really seems to be behind the generally problematic diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders and the very reason why NLD...

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### Acquired brain injury (ABI): rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation

- Published: 2021-11-08
- Modified: 2021-11-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/acquired-brain-injury-abi-rehabilitation-and-cognitive-stimulation/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Neurorehabilitation, Stroke, stroke rehabilitation, TBI

What is ABI? Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the result of a sudden injury to the brain that produces various physical, psychological and sensory sequelae, causing abnormalities in sensory perception, cognitive alterations and emotional disturbances. Most common causes of ABI The most common causes of ABI are cerebrovascular accidents (CVA or stroke), traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain tumors, cerebral anoxias and brain infections. CVA or stroke A more or less sudden interruption of blood flow in a region of the brain. This results in ischemia and a loss of the function for which the affected area of the brain is responsible. TBI Sudden absorption of a large amount of kinetic energy. The most common injuries are contusions due to blow and kickback, contusions due to friction with the bony structures of the skull base and diffuse axonal injury. This type of injury is usually accompanied, in the initial stages, by the formation of cerebral edema and consequent loss of consciousness or "coma". The depth of loss of consciousness and its duration are two of the main markers for establishing the severity of brain damage. Brain tumor A group of abnormal cells that grow and multiply in or around the brain. Tumors can destroy healthy brain cells or damage them indirectly by invading other parts of the brain and causing brain swelling and pressure inside the skull. They are classified according to where they are located or the types of cells they involve. They can be benign or malignant, depending on...

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### Activity to teach children about money management

- Published: 2021-11-03
- Modified: 2021-11-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/activity-to-teach-children-about-money-management/
- Categories: Activities for kids
- Tags: Activities for children, activities to work selective attention with children, Children activities for cognitive stimulation, Kids, selective attention, Visual Gnosis

New activity to teach kids how to manage money This week we present a children's activity with high ecological value. We are talking about Sort Your Piggy Bank, an exercise for children to become familiar with and identify the coins and bills of their country (of other countries too! ). ​​ What does it consist of? Children have to classify coins and banknotes by their value. In this video we show you how to play: https://youtu. be/goICa2JVylA What is the objective of this exercise? The objective of this exercise is for the children to identify all the coins and banknotes so that they do not confuse them. High ecological value Sort your Piggy Bank is an exercise with a high ecological value. In our daily life, money management is fundamental, and not only for adults, but also for children.   Although children do not handle large amounts of money, it is necessary for them to be autonomous and learn to pay, to be aware of change, to be aware of what things are worth, to save... What does this activity work? This activity works visual gnosis, since children have to detect identify and differentiate each coin and bill, and selective attention because they are presented mixed at the same time. Ways to work with this activity Sort your Piggy Bank es un generador y, como ocurre con todos los Sort your piggy bank is a generator and, as with all NeuronUP generators, it generates unlimited and ecological activities. The child will learn what to do (put the coins and bills...

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### The work of a psychologist during the La Palma volcano eruption

- Published: 2021-10-21
- Modified: 2021-10-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/psychology/the-work-of-a-psychologist-during-the-la-palma-volcano-eruption/
- Categories: Psychology
- Tags: Psychology

Omaira Darias, health psychologist, tells us about her experience assisting the victims of the volcano eruption on La Palma.

Last September 19, the eruption of the volcano began on the island of La Palma, an island belonging to Santa Cruz de Tenerife, one of the two provinces that make up the Canary Islands. Before this, unusual seismic swarms had been occurring and were increasingly felt with greater intensity and amazement by the population. Sincethat Sunday, the whole Canary Islands turned to La Palma. The most immediate responses came in the form of dispatches of emergency personnel and professionals who came to the island on a voluntary basis. In addition, the solidarity of the La Palma people themselves was joined by the rest of the islands to provide goods, food and clothing to the people who had been affected. Psychological assistance after the eruption of the volcano of La Palma A few days after the volcano eruption I arrived in La Palma to assist as a psychologist. Psychology is not yet expressly included in emergency plans in an official way, although the suffering of people is evident in every natural disaster or similar emergency. What is emergency psychology? The psychology of emergencies tries to be a first assistance to provide emotional ventilation and relief trying to prevent major psychological problems over time such as anxiety disorders, depression or others. In addition, such complicated life situations can be triggers that increase suicide rates. Psychological consequences of the eruption of the La Palma volcano In the case of a volcanic eruption, it must be taken into account that preventive evictions are carried...

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### The importance of a support network in neurodevelopmental disorders.

- Published: 2021-10-13
- Modified: 2021-10-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/the-importance-of-a-support-network-in-neurodevelopmental-disorders/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, neurodevelopmental disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Every expectation is full of hope and even more so if it is for a baby. When a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder arrives, it impacts the entire family, whether it is multi-parent or single-parent, functional or dysfunctional, of whatever type, inevitably there is a bit of a mourning process. If we analyze the day to day life of this nucleus that is the family, the idea of what is expected of it is confirmed: to form for society a citizen that contributes to the well-being, development and personal improvement and that of all, for the common good. To achieve this undoubtedly requires a support network that helps to fulfill the purpose of forming a competent subject capable of achieving any type of personal and collective improvement by actively collaborating. The transcendence of lifestyle The demands of everyday life force us to adopt lifestyles that can be destructive on a small or large scale, in the short, medium or long term, in aspects such as food, the environment and the relationship we have with everyone around us. Fast food is delicious, its presentation is eye-catching, and it is easy to acquire and consume, which makes it a predilection for the vast majority. Many working mothers feel less guilty allowing and encouraging this type of food for their little ones, making it increasingly difficult to give it up because of the addiction it generates, and if any of their little ones live with sensitive peculiarities associated with taste and do not...

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### Organizing work months in advance: NeuronUP programs

- Published: 2021-10-05
- Modified: 2021-10-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/organizing-work-months-in-advance-neuronup-programs/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: NeuronUP activities, NeuronUP client, NeuronUP functionality

Are you aware of NeuronUP programs? Do you know that thanks to them you can organize your work months in advance? NeuronUP programs are sets of sessions that allow you to be more organized for a scheduled intervention. Long-term planning will allow you to have a better organization to carry out a scheduled intervention. In the following video we show you how to create a program: https://youtu. be/C-oMHRu_JBo Organize your work: Assign a program to several patients at the same time. As with NeuronUP sessions, you can also assign your programs to several patients at the same time, which will allow you to save time to invest in direct intervention with your patients. Moreover, you don't have to worry about adjusting your program for each of your patients. Once the program has been assigned, the platform automatically adjusts the activities to the level of each patient. That is to say, if the last time John played a game he finished at level 2, when he returns to work on that same activity he will start at that level; while if Carmen reached level 6 the last time she played she will automatically start at that stage. Everyone will go at their own pace and you will not waste a single second in adjusting it! Instant results Did you know that every time one of your patients performs a NeuronUP program the results are automatically saved in their profile? This feature allows you to redefine the therapy according to the progress of...

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### New episodic memory game for children!

- Published: 2021-09-30
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/new-episodic-memory-game-for-children/
- Categories: Activities for kids
- Tags: Activities for improving attention, Activities for improving memory, Cognitive Stimulation, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Kids, Memory, Working Memory

We are back and refreshed after summer vacations and we are back to the routine of releasing a new activity every 15 days! This week we present the new children's game:  Who raised their hand?   As we show you in the following video, this activity consists of remembering the order in which the children have raised their hands and reproducing it.   https://youtu. be/jIhL7H8SXqU? si=jU5EBshFKk-LXwq6 What does this activity work? This game works episodic (short-term) memory and working memory. ​In addition, this activity is very useful to work on attention, since many times we think that we don't have a good memory and what has really failed us is the attentional process in front of the stimuli we have to memorize. If you do not pay attention to something properly, how do you expect to remember it later?   Activity adapted for children Following your requests, we continue adapting adult content to children! This game is an adaptation of the adult activity Press Conference. We have adapted the design so that children can feel identified in their daily life. They have to be attentive to which classmates raise their hands to ask for a turn to speak and then replicate it. After seeing the success of the adult version, we are sure that children will love it too. Four other kids' games to work episodic memory ​1. Orchestra Director This is a children's activity that consists of identifying the instruments heard and replaying them in order. What does this activity do? It works episodic memory and auditory gnosias... .

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### Cognitive rehabilitation for people with Alzheimer’s disease

- Published: 2021-09-23
- Modified: 2021-09-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/cognitive-rehabilitation-for-people-with-alzheimers-disease/
- Categories: Alzheimer's
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s, Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, Cognitive Stimulation, Dementia

Alzheimer’s disease is relentless. It progresses steadily while we are waiting for a miracle drug to get us out of this nightmare. While we want to remain optimistic, such magic pills may not reach the market for years to come, and the current medication leaves most people unsatisfied. What should we do? Sit back and do nothing while the quality of life of patients decreases? If we look well, there are more optimistic answers and strategies that will improve our role as professionals: cognitive rehabilitation for people with Alzheimer’s is one of those answers. From NeuronUP, we clearly support the benefits of non-phamacological therapies (NPTs)—a category under which cognitive rehabilitation falls —in individuals who suffer from a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. This conviction is not vain but based on scientific evidence that supports the use of NPTs in these groups. Not only is there an improvement in cognition but also in mood (Olazarán et al. 2010). Rehabilitation and Alzheimer’s disease : a necessity Alzheimer’s most well-known symptom is the progressive deterioration of memory, but this is just the beginning. Cognitive functioning will also progressively be compromised and processes such as language, attention, visuospatial skills or executive functioning will experience significant deterioration. Deterioration in cognitive function is clearly visible in the daily life of the person, who is also gradually losing his/her abilities to deal with everyday challenges. Only a few years can go between forgetting a random word and not being able to feed oneself. Rehabilitation is a response to the needs of a...

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### Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease

- Published: 2021-09-23
- Modified: 2024-04-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/cognitive-rehabilitation-in-parkinsons-disease/
- Categories: Parkinson’s
- Tags: bradykinesia, Cognitive trainig in Parkinson&#039;s disease, Parkinson&#039;s Disease

What is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, with studies reporting prevalence between 108-207 per 100,000 in Europe. Although a pure genetic origin can be demonstrated in a minority of patients, the fundamental cause of PD is unknown, with age being the single largest risk factor associated with the development of the disease. The progression of Parkinson’s disease is very slow and much of its symptomatology is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons and the consequent loss of dopamine terminals. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease is characterized by four cardinal motor features: bradykinesia, rigidity or stiffness, tremor, and postural instability. Symptoms are typically unilateral upon onset and, even though they become bilateral over time, an asymmetry may persist. While tremor may be the most well-known symptom of Parkinson’s disease by the general public, it is not a defining or specific symptom. What really defines Parkinson’s disease is parkinsonism, and this necessarily implies the presence of bradykinesia (paucity and slowness of voluntary movement, which will be evident in the assessment of the performance of repetitive movements). After the onset of motor symptoms, patients initially respond well to treatments with dopaminergic replacement therapy. However, this period usually only lasts for about 5 years. After this, neurodegeneration progresses and patients gradually develop new motor complications. Time elapsed between onset of motor symptoms and disability is highly variable among PD patients, but generally within 10 to 20 years after its onset. Despite the importance of motor...

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### Confabulations (Vol. I): classification, neuropathology and cognitive mechanisms

- Published: 2021-09-23
- Modified: 2023-10-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/confabulations-vol-i-classification-neuropathology-and-cognitive-mechanisms/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury, Neuropsychology
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Confabulation, Memory

Confabulation, sometimes called "honest lying" is a cognitive phenomenon that can be seen in several acquired neurological conditions as well as in some psychiatric disorders. Although the term confabulation is currently used to refer to false perceptions of body states or the external world (non-mnesic confabulations), it has traditionally referred to false products of the memory (mnesic confabulations) . Confabulation is a complex phenomenon that lacks a consensual definitionor well-established classification criteria of the different types that have been described and whose explanatory models are still under debate . This article is the first of two installments on the phenomenon of confabulation in which the phenomenology, neuropathology and cognitive mechanisms and theoretical models that have been proposed to explain it will be briefly reviewed. Theoretical models will be addressed in the second part. What do we mean by confabulation? concept and classification Since the term confabulation first appeared in the works of Kahlbaum and Wernicke towards the second half of the nineteenth century, there have been multiple definitions and interpretations of this concept, which has evolved over time and is linked to the debate regarding its etiology and other closely related cognitive phenomena . Broadly speaking, three definitions of confabulation have been discussed in the literature, depending on which aspects is considered essential: Mnemonic, related to memory. Linguistic, in which the character of incorrect verbal statement or false narrative is emphasized. Epistemic, in which the subject does not question the ill-grounded claim, and this claim is not necessarily of a linguistic...

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### What is optogenetics?

- Published: 2021-09-23
- Modified: 2021-09-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/what-is-optogenetics/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: Neuronal activity, Optogenetics

Of all the techniques developed in neuroscience over the last few years, optogenetics is probably the one that has most quickly become standardized as a work tool in laboratories. Its use is such that striking preclinical results are already starting to be show up. For example, its use as a therapy in the treatment of vision problems with a neurological base is currently being analyzed and, following with the senses, systems have already been developed in rodents that allow the recovery of part of the hearing using this type of technology as a possible alternative to the current cloquear implants. Although preclinical and modest, these are great results if we consider the short history using this technique but... exactly what is optogenetics? What exactly is optogenetics? Optogenetics is based on the use of light-sensitive ion (opsin) channels and pumps for the activation or inhibition of neurons, which allows in vivo manipulation of neuronal activity. However, it must be borne in mind that the presence of opsins is achieved through genetic engineering, being able to apply two different variants: Injection of viral vectors in adult organisms. In this case viral particles are generated that carry the opsins, the viruses are injected directly in the area of the brain where we want to apply optogenetics, the viruses infect the neurons and these begin to produce opsins. Direct creation of genetically modified animals that express opsins in certain areas of the brain or injection of viral vectors in utero into the brain of model organisms. Depending on...

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### Preventing Mild Cognitive Impairment

- Published: 2021-09-22
- Modified: 2021-10-01
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/preventing-mild-cognitive-impairment/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Activities for Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI, MCI Symptoms, Mild Cognitive Impairment

Here you will find valuable information on the definition, symptoms, types, causes and prevention of mild cognitive impairment, and learn how neuropsychological testing may help with the treatment of mild cognitive impairment.

Hello! My name is Chris Núñez. I am a clinical neuropsychologist who works with older adults suffering from normal aging and cognitive decline. I hope you find the information provided in this blog to be helpful. See you on my YouTube channel! What Is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?  In the first place, it is important to answer the following question: what is mild cognitive impairment? MCI refers to a decline in cognitive abilities that does not affect a person’s ability to lead an independent life. That is, despite cognitive deficits, the person can develop different strategies to compensate for impairments. Symptoms Of mild Cognitive Impairment Mild cognitive impairment can present with a variety of symptoms. The most common are memory problems such as forgetting appointments with friends and family, recent conversations or to take one’s medications, among others. However, memory complaints are not the only symptom; there are different types of mild cognitive impairment based on the cognitive skills affected: Amnestic MCI: characterized by a decline in abilities that are related to the storage and retrieval of memories. Non-amnestic MCI: characterized by a decline in functions not related to memory such as language (e. g. , word-finding failure), attention (e. g . ,difficulty regaining focus on a task after being distracted) and executive function (e. g. , difficulty planning social events such as dinners or parties). Single-domain MCI: only one cognitive domain such as attention, memory, language, or executive function is impaired. Multiple-domain MCI: more than one of the above-mentioned cognitive functions are impaired. Causes of Mild Cognitive Impairment The causes of mild cognitive impairment can be divided into two types: reversible...

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### What is magnetoreception?

- Published: 2021-09-16
- Modified: 2021-09-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/what-is-magnetoreception/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: magnetoreception

The area of perception is one of the most diverse fields of neuroscience due to the large number of senses that exist in the animal kingdom.

Apart from the five classical senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, there are many more such as proprioception (the ability to perceive body posture), thermoception (feeling temperatures) or nociception (which encompasses all nerve structures responsible for the perception of pain). But beyond all these there are even more fascinating neurophysiological capacities. What is magnetoreception? The ability to perceive magnetic fields, or magnetoreception, is one of the most studied senses in recent years. Although research on human beings is still in its early stages, work in the animal world has demonstrated the existence of this sense in some living beings. Initially many of these studies focused on migratory animals since the terrestrial magnetic field varies throughout the planet, so theoretically it could be used as a method of orientation. Early Research: Waterways Among the first published works are those that studied the waterways of loggerhead turtles. This marine animal has a circular migratory route that spans thousands of kilometers underwater from the east coast of Florida and throughout the Sargasso Sea. To see if the turtles used the Earth’s magnetic field to orient themselves, they were exposed to different magnetic fields while swimming and it was observed that the animals modified their swimming direction according to the magnetic field to which they were exposed. Today we know that there are at least fifty animal species among reptiles, amphibians, mammals, fish, crustaceans and insects that have some kind of magnetoreception. How Magnetoreception Works After discovering the existence of magnetoreception, the next step was to find out how this sense works. All sense...

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### Cognitive stimulation exercises for people with Down syndrome

- Published: 2021-09-16
- Modified: 2025-02-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-down-syndrome/cognitive-stimulation-exercises-for-people-with-down-syndrome/
- Categories: Activities for Down Syndrome
- Tags: Activities for Down Syndrome, cognitive stimulation exercises for Down Syndrome, Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. People with Down syndrome have all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.

Down syndrome is not a disease and therefore does not require any medical treatment. But this genetic alteration causes slower development so it is imperative that children with Down syndrome attend Early Care programs from birth. Early Care These programs are aimed at children with Down syndrome between 0 and 6 years and try to reduce the maturity delay associated with this intellectual disability by taking advantage of the neuroplasticity of the brain, ie the potential that the brain has to modify and adapt. In short, these programs seek to stimulate psychomotor, cognitive, linguistic and socio-affective development. Cognitive stimulation against functional decline In addition, most studies agree that 45 years old is the time when people with intellectual disabilities begin to exhibit symptoms of functional decline that indicate the onset of premature aging. For this reason, cognitive stimulation is recommended for all people with Down syndrome in order to help prevent and slow down cognitive decline. NeuronUP‘s cognitive stimulation program allows neuropsychologists, occupational therapists and speech therapists to adapt each activity to the particularities and needs of each person with Down syndrome. The examples of cognitive stimulation exercises for people with Down syndrome described here have been developed by NeuronUP under the principles of generalization. Cognitive stimulation exercises for people with Down syndrome Below, we propose five cognitive stimulation exercises for people with Down syndrome: 1. Incomplete images We cannot always see an entire object, however, if we see significant parts of it we should be able to recognize which object it is. If our patient has difficulties doing just that, this cognitive stimulation...

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### Deconstructing Tourette Syndrome

- Published: 2021-09-15
- Modified: 2023-09-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/deconstructing-tourette-syndrome/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders, Tourette syndrome
- Tags: neurodevelopmental disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Tourette syndrome

Have you heard of Tourette syndrome? It is considered a rare disease based on its prevalence in the population. However, studies at the international level indicate that the disorder is actually much more common than previously thought . Given that , June 7, is European Tourette Syndrome Awareness Day, today’s post is dedicated to debunking common myths and misconceptions about Tourette’s. Let’s deconstruct Tourette syndrome. WHAT IS TOURETTE SYNDROME? According to international diagnostic criteria, Tourette syndrome (TS) is a primary motor disorder with the chronic presence of tics as a core feature , and is often associated with other conditions such as ADHD and OCD . WHAT DEFINES A TIC? The word tic derives from the Italian ticchio  meaning caprice as synonym of whim and extravagance ; however, far from being a whim or caprice of the individual who manifests them, tics are involuntary movements or vocalizations, although they may be extravagant because they appear repetitively with an inappropriate intensity and frequency, and are decontextualized or unrelated to situations since they are not goal-directed behaviors like voluntary movements or the voluntary emission of words or sounds. DECONSTRUCTING TOURETTE’S More than a syndrome, it is a spectrum disorder.  Different subtypes of Tourette’s have been described , which is why it is currently considered more appropriate to speak of the spectrum of Tourette disorder rather than of Tourette syndrome . Blurting out obscenities is a rare symptom of Tourette’s. Coprolalia (inappropriate involuntary uttering of obscenities without offensive intent ) is one of the most popular symptoms of TS, partly due to its diffusion through cinema and media. Although coprolalia might certainly...

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### Intervention with NeuronUP for cognitive stimulation in geriatrics

- Published: 2021-09-14
- Modified: 2023-09-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-normal-aging/intervention-with-neuronup-for-cognitive-stimulation-in-geriatrics/
- Categories: Activities for normal aging
- Tags: Activities for improving attention, Activities for improving memory, Activities for improving orientation, Dementia, Geriatrics, seniors

What is geriatrics? Geriatrics is a branch of medicine that brings together specialized personnel who can provide comprehensive and complete care for the elderly. The field of action of geriatrics is characterized by: Elderly people aged 60-65 years with disease tending to disability and/or with multple pathologies with psychic and social factors that condition the evolution of the disease. This is due to the aging of the population, since in old age the incidence and prevalence of degenerative diseases increases. Greater tendency to chronic diseases. Greater need for continuous care and social resources. Geriatric syndromes: cognitive impairment (dementia), depressive disorder, acute confusional state (delirium) and palliative care in geriatrics. Objectives of intervention in geriatrics The main objective of intervention in geriatrics is to improve the cognitive functions of the patient to promote their occupational areas. In addition, there are a number of specific objectives: Increase the cognitive function of attention. To implement the development of memory. To promote spatio-temporal orientation. Cognitive session in geriatrics First of all, to work on attention, the following activities will be carried out: Count stimuli by type. This activity consists of counting how many stimuli of each type there are, that is, counting the number of elements of each type. Duration: 5 minutes. Copying letter matrices In this exercise the patient will have to copy incomplete matrices by looking at a model matrix. Duration: 5 minutes. Size Comparison In this worksheet the patient has to determine the size relationship between a series of images. Duration:...

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### Treatment of schizophrenia: how to work on social cognition III

- Published: 2021-09-08
- Modified: 2023-09-07
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/treatment-of-schizophrenia-how-to-work-on-social-cognition-iii/
- Categories: Schizophrenia
- Tags: Schizophrenia, Social Cognition

Programs for the Treatment of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia Over the last few years, there have been many programs aimed at the treatment of deficits in social cognition that usually occur in the case of schizophrenia and which, in turn, have been scientifically validated. In this third and last article related to this topic, some of them will be discussed. Cognitive rehabilitation program in psychosis As Ojeda et al (2012) point out, the REHACOP program (neuropsychological rehabilitation in psychosis), also consists of four modules aimed at intervening on some of the components of social cognition. These modules are called emotional perception, social cognition, theory of mind and moral dilemmas. In addition, recent research has proven the significant improvements produced by this program in the treatment of social cognition in schizophrenia (Peña et al, 2015, 2016). Emotional training program This program is accessed from the website www. e-motionaltraining. com (in Spanish) and is developed entirely in computer support. The first 4 sessions (1 hour each session) are dedicated to recognizing facial emotions. This section includes a pre- and post-test, tutorials and scale mini-games starting with eyes and mouth and finally expression micro-trainings. The next 8 sessions (1 hour each) include watching a short cartoon in which a couple invites their friends to their house for a party. As the story unfolds, there is miscommunication between the actors, leading to various emotions and mental conditions such as anger, affection, appreciation and jealousy. After each scene, the user is asked what happened, with questions on...

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### Instrumental activities of daily living: what they are, types and examples

- Published: 2021-09-07
- Modified: 2023-08-31
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-daily-living-adls/instrumental-activities-of-daily-living-what-they-are-types-and-examples/
- Categories: Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
- Tags: Activities of Daily Living, ADL&#039;s, IADL&#039;s, neurorehabilitation activities

Activities of daily living are those activities that increase a person's independence and adaptation to the environment. There are three types of activities of daily living: basic, instrumental and advanced activities of daily living. What are instrumental activities of daily living? Instrumental activities of daily living are activities oriented towards interaction with the environment that are often complex and generally optional, as they could be delegated to others. Pet care. Raising children. Use of communication systems. Getting around your community. Handling financial issues. Health care and self-maintenance. Creating and maintaining a home. Food preparation and cleanup. Safety procedures and emergency response. Shopping. Instrumental activities of daily living: objectives Instrumental activities of daily living are aimed at interacting with the environment. They are more complex than basic activities of daily living and are necessary for independent living. 5 examples of instrumental activities of daily living The neurorehabilitation platform for professionals NeuronUP develops exercises to work on instrumental activities of daily living. With these exercises you can create your own training program in activities of daily living for your patients. And remember, the activities of daily living should end up being worked with each patient in their real environment based on their needs. After training with NeuronUP, this process will be less costly and more satisfying! Here are 5 examples developed by NeuronUP: 1. Objects, Places and Professionals This exercise consists of relating various objects with the places where they are obtained and the professionals who are in charge of them. What...

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### People living with Asperger's from a social point of view

- Published: 2021-09-06
- Modified: 2021-09-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/asperger-syndrome/people-living-with-aspergers-from-a-social-point-of-view/
- Categories: Asperger Syndrome
- Tags: ASD, Asperger Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder

The term autism spectrum disorder has been a matter of debate because for those who interact with people who live with it and, in addition, have an analytical thinking, it is relevant to have clarity in the concepts. Regardless of how the person is called or referred to (autistic, with autism or with Asperger's), it is essential to provide them with understanding, support, guidance and empathic accompaniment throughout their lives, that is, from home, while they are in elementary, middle and high school, until they enter the workplace (in the best of cases). The condition of the autism spectrum until a few years ago considered the category Asperger syndrome, however, disappears in the most recent version of the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Manual. Currently it is cataloged as autism level 1 requiring help. What is relevant and real is that the condition exists and is present in society, that is, in the family, school, centers and at work. The person with Asperger's in society It is known that a significant number of people go through life without being diagnosed or even misdiagnosed (with ADD or ADHD, language development disorder with deficiency mainly in pragmatic language, social communication disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, among others). It is a priority to mention that in some cases there are comorbidities and that the person should be cared for in a comprehensive manner. What suggests such a mistake are always the behaviors that prevail when being in a group. The peculiarity in their way of...

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### Treatment of schizophrenia: how to work on social cognition II

- Published: 2021-09-01
- Modified: 2021-09-01
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/treatment-of-schizophrenia-how-to-work-on-social-cognition-ii/
- Categories: Schizophrenia
- Tags: Schizophrenia, Social Cognition

Programs for the Treatment of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia Over the last few years, there have been many programs aimed at the treatment of deficits in social cognition that usually occur in the case of schizophrenia and which, in turn, have been scientifically validated. In this second article related to this topic, some of them will be discussed. Integrated Neurocognitive Therapy for Patients with Schizophrenia According to Durá et al (2008) Integrated Neurocognitive Therapy for Patients with Schizophrenia (INT) (Roder et al, 2007) works in a similar way to Integrated Psychological Therapy (IPT) (Roder et al, 1996). It has two major modules, one on neurocognition and the other on social cognition. The interventions to be applied in each module are selected according to the individual assessment carried out. The difficulty and emotional load increases as the program progresses, while the structuring progressively decreases. And also, as something differential with respect to IPT, the degree of importance of emotional activation and reference to oneself increases progressively, considering insight as another component of social cognition. Several recent studies have proven the efficacy of this therapy (e. g. , De Mare et al. , 2018; Mueller et al. , 2017; Mueller, Schmidt, & Roder, 2015) Cognitive Enhancement Therapy It consists of a second part, Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET) Hogarty and Flesher, 1999; Hogarty et al, 2004), in which various aspects of social cognition are intervened. In this second stage of the intervention, the exercises are developed in a structured group format of one and a half hours...

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### Intervention with NeuronUP in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

- Published: 2021-08-30
- Modified: 2021-08-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-mild-cognitive-impairment/intervention-with-neuronup-in-the-elderly-with-mild-cognitive-impairment-mci/
- Categories: Activities for Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Tags: MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment, seniors

This article explains how to carry out an intervention with NeuronUP in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The group with which we are going to work is a group of five patients with MCI at the Mevefares Residential Center. MCI is considered when cognitive impairment exceeds what is expected for the age of the patient but does not meet the criteria for dementia. To be considered MCI, memory problems must be present, functionality must be maintained and there is no diagnosis of dementia. There are four subtypes of MCI: amnestic, multi-domain amnestic, non-amnestic and non-amnestic multi-domain; so patient may have memory dysfunction or other higher functions, such as language or attention. In the evaluations carried out in the center, by means of the MMSE and the Clock Test, it can be seen that individuals present slight difficulties in time orientation, language, sustained attention and, above all, memory; so it is decided to intervene in these aspects. Objectives of intervention in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) The main objective is to improve the affected cognitive skills to prevent the possible referral to dementia in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, there are a number of specific objectives: Improve sustained attention. Maintain temporal orientation. Develop working memory. Improve logical reasoning. To strengthen semantic memory as well as vocabulary. Develop problem-solving skills. Cognitive session in elderly people with MCI To carry out the intervention in people with MCI, users will perform the following exercises, with an estimated time of 45 minutes. Location...

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### Behavioral problems and preventive methodologies

- Published: 2021-08-26
- Modified: 2021-08-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/behavioral-problems-and-preventive-methodologies/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Behavior, Child Neuropsychology, Mental Health, Neuropsychology

Imagine that no one speaks to you directly, but that they talk about you and your problems in your presence, that the people around you always interrupt your attempts to do something and do it for you, that they don't let you make any decisions, that no one asks you what you prefer to do, eat or wear. Imagine that they are only attentive to your behavioral problems. It has been 30 years since Dr. Judith LeBlanc wrote these words to develop empathy in relation to the quality of life of people with high support needs. Can you imagine how you would feel? What would your behavior be? Problem behavior Problem behavior, challenging behavior, and/or complex behavior is considered "any culturally abnormal behavior of such intensity, frequency, or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is likely to be seriously endangered, or that is likely to limit the use of, or even deny access to, opportunities provided by the community. " (Emerson, 1995) Types of behavioral problems Self-injurious behavior: when the person causes pain to him/herself by hitting, biting or scratching. Heteroaggressive behavior: when pain is caused to other people or animals. Destruction of objects: the person breaks, destroys or damages objects or furniture. Disruptive behavior: interruptions of the activity through unmotivated shouting, complaining, crying or laughing or looking for a fight. Offensive social behavior: includes anything that is offensive to others, such as urinating in inappropriate places, using foul language, threatening, shouting or swearing. Stereotypies: repetitive behaviors,...

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### Treatment of schizophrenia: how to work on social cognition I

- Published: 2021-08-25
- Modified: 2021-08-25
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/schizophrenia/treatment-of-schizophrenia-how-to-work-on-social-cognition-i/
- Categories: Schizophrenia
- Tags: Facial affect recognition, Schizophrenia, Social Cognition

Schizophrenia requires perpetual treatment even after the disappearance of symptoms. Programs for the treatment of social cognition in schizophrenia Over the last few years, there have been many programs aimed at the treatment of deficits in social cognition that usually occur in the case of schizophrenia and which, in turn, have been scientifically validated. In this first article related to this topic, some of them will be discussed. Training of affect recognition According to Durá et al (2008), Training of affect recognition (TAR) (Frommann et al, 2003; Wölwer et al, 2005) is a standardized and computerized training for facial expression recognition. The program comprises 3 blocks with 4 sessions per block, with a duration per session of approximately 45 minutes and a total of 12 sessions. Work is done in pairs of patients with the guidance of the psychotherapist. The tasks presented are of increasing difficulty: In the first block patients learn to identify and discriminate, as well as to verbalize the main facial signs of the 6 basic emotions. The question they are asked is "what affect does this person express? ". In the second block, an attempt is made to integrate this detailed view of affect into an increasingly global processing mode, starting from first impressions, non-verbal processing and processing of facial expressions with low intensity. The task to be performed is "Classify the pictures according to the intensity of facial affect". The third block comprises, on the one hand, the processing of non-prototypical and ambiguous expressions of affect, which often...

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### Bipolar disorder: what is it, types, cause, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

- Published: 2021-08-20
- Modified: 2024-03-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/bipolar-disorder-what-is-it-types-cause-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/
- Categories: Mental illness
- Tags: bipolar disorder, mental illness

What is bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by intense mood swings. It is a condition that is prolonged over time with alternating manic and depressive episodes either chronically or occasionally. In the manic episode the individual feels extremely happy, euphoric, energetic or even irritable. On the other hand, in the depressive episode he may feel sad, hopeless, indifferent, depressed or with very low energy levels. Also, you may have both manic and depressive symptoms simultaneously, also known as a mixed episode. It also causes changes in thinking, sleep, behavior, energy and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Types of bipolar disorder There is no clear consensus on the number of bipolar disorders. In this article we will focus on the three basic types of bipolar disorders. Bipolar I disorder Defined by manic episodes of at least seven days duration or symptomatology so severe that it requires inpatient care. It also frequently includes depressive episodes lasting no less than two weeks. This typology may involve mixed episodes. Bipolar II disorder It includes depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, of less severity than manic episodes. Of greater complexity in the diagnosis, since hypomania is usually confused and is less reportable. Psychotic symptoms may appear during depressive episodes. Cyclothymic disorder Also known as cyclothymia, it is defined, as in bipolar II disorder, by depressive and hypomanic symptoms but with the exception that they have less intensity or duration than the episodes mentioned. There...

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### Caregiver communication with the patient with dementia

- Published: 2021-08-18
- Modified: 2021-08-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/caregiver-communication-with-the-patient-with-dementia/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s, Dementia, Memory Care

Communication is a means of verbal and nonverbal expression that allows us to interact with others, this being an extremely important resource in the relationship between the patient with dementia and his primary caregiver. Usually, due to the lack of knowledge about how to approach and communicate with people with dementia, caregivers and people close to them often choose to restrict them from social situations and contact with others, thinking that they do not need to interact and integrate into the environment around them. Due to inefficient communication, caregivers may limit their performance, as well as affect the emotional state of the patient with dementia. Thus, we need to know the alterations in language that people with dementia may manifest, in order to develop communication strategies and create an assertive connection between the patient and us. This is because we need to communicate with them daily to identify their needs and interests, and through language we encourage them to cooperate in the performance of daily activities. Derived from the above, we will address several language impairments that patients with dementia may present, as well as strategies to establish a better interaction. What is dementia? It is the term that refers to the presence of progressive cognitive impairment, characterized by alterations in cognitive processes such as: orientation, attention, concentration, short and long term memory, as well as behavioral and mood disorders that limit the autonomy and independence of patients with with this neurodegenerative disease. Leading them to require individual assistance from...

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### The immense challenge of living a life with autism

- Published: 2021-08-17
- Modified: 2021-08-17
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/the-immense-challenge-of-living-a-life-with-autism/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Life per se is a challenge, living with autism enhances the challenge. Context, for people transitioning through life with autism, can function as a barrier or a bridge in coping with day-to-day living. Caregivers of people who require very considerable help, (DSMV) could foster in them basic issues such as self-determination and alleviate the burden of always deciding for them, validate their personality and work on executive functions to achieve a better adaptation to the world. Life with a person with autism Family and caregivers play a crucial role in the life of the person with autism. Parents, siblings and caregivers Every person, as a child, needs love and respect to help him or her better understand the world, to be alert and aware. Understanding the world is not easy. Trying to understand the truth according to "someone" is complicated, we need help to understand an idea and even more when it is foreign to the usual thoughts. Living life with autism has a double task, but transforming thinking and abandoning false beliefs takes time. However, for everyone's sake, making thinking more flexible can help us to improve a person's life with autism. This ability usually appears in childhood, however, as adults it needs to be strengthened in order to stop expecting a person with autism to be "rehabilitated" and to bring him/her closer to the norm. The dynamic of each family is unique, like fingerprints. Parents Parents who validate life with autism recognize the individual's personality, desires and needs...

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### NeuronUP activity default configurations

- Published: 2021-08-17
- Modified: 2021-08-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/neuronup-activity-default-configurations/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: NeuronUP activities, NeuronUP client

In this blog post we explain what NeuronUP's default activity settings are, what activities have various to choose from and how to select them. Do you know what NeuronUP default settings are? They are the default settings for all NeuronUP activities. They have features and difficulty levels chosen by our neuropsychologists that will be suitable for most patient. If the professional considers that his patient would benefit from different times allotments, a different explanation of the instructions, or other parameters to make things easier or more difficult, they can modify all these details and create a personalized configuration in "personalized modes". Thus, NeuronUP activities can be perfectly adapted to the needs and circumstances of all patients. Activities with various default settings Some NeuronUP activities have several default settings the professional can choose from. The extra settings are different according to the characteristics of each activity. The objective is to help the professional to get more out of each of the exercises with various levels of difficulty with a greater adaptation to the patient. Here are some of the activities with various default settings and how to select these extra settings: Activities for adults 1. Bottlecaps This game consists of sorting and eliminating the bottlecaps from smallest to largest. Extra default mode settings In this case, we have included the possibility of also being able to eliminate the numbers in reverse order (highest to lowest) as an extra default setting: Highest to lowest (timed)Highest to lowest (not timed) Where to find...

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### Emotional regulation from the point of view of neuropsychology

- Published: 2021-08-12
- Modified: 2021-10-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/emotional-regulation-from-the-point-of-view-of-neuropsychology/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Emotional Regulation, emotions, neuroimaging, Neuropsychology

The importance of emotional regulation The neuropsychologist's work, by its nature, is imbued with affectivity. Although the main objective of the interventions is to improve the cognitive functioning of patients, their emotions are present at all times. The following lines will serve to introduce us to the fundamental concepts of the study of emotional regulation in cognitive psychology and neuroscience. The study of emotions in neuropsychology Until recently, emotions were considered subjective individual experiences, so that their experimental study seemed impossible. Moreover, the Cartesian philosophical tradition had relegated emotions to the realm of the passions, assuming that they were detrimental to reason. This thought persisted until the publication of "Descartes' Error" (1994). In it, A. Damasio revisits the famous case of Phineas Gage, concluding that there is no reason without emotion. This fact promoted an affective revolution in cognitive psychology, which until then had been interested only in the study of "cold" cognitive processes. In recent decades, affective neurosciences have made important discoveries about the cognition-emotion interface. These findings have revealed that emotions intervene in the modulation of cognitive processes such as attention (e. g. , by orienting or amplifying attention towards stimuli evaluated as pleasant by the individual), memory (e. g. , by favoring the consolidation of information with emotional valence and, thus, participating in the learning process) and decision making (e. g. , by facilitating decision-making on the basis of positive or negative emotions previously experienced in analogous situations). The latter is usually assessed with the "risk-benefit" paradigm of the Iowa Gambling Task or...

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### Learning in students with special educational needs

- Published: 2021-08-09
- Modified: 2021-08-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/special-education/learning-in-students-with-special-educational-needs/
- Categories: Special Education
- Tags: Language, learning disabilities, SEN, special educational needs, SPED

The learning process begins from the moment of birth for all children. The beginning of interaction with the physical and social environment sends constant stimuli to the newborn's body, especially the brain. The influence of the family and the people who interact with the children will be fundamental to stimulate the development of all the psychological functions and processes involved in learning. In this article we will delve into the learning process of students with special educational needs (SEN or SPED). What is learning? The definition and conceptualization of learning has been developed by various authors from different areas of human knowledge throughout history. All these definitions have in common the importance of the influence exerted by the educational forces that interrelate with the child from birth. The combination of the organic and functional characteristics of the organism of each individual, and the social stimulation exerted by the socio-familial environment in the development of each child are fundamental forces that determine the progressive development or not of learning mechanisms and styles. For Lev S. Vygotsky (1896-1934) learning occurs through social interaction, language development, communication and interpersonal relationships. Vygotsky affirms that it is through educational influence and social relations that children acquire and develop new cognitive competencies as a logical process of adaptation and reaction to an essentially social way of life. The process of learning Learning involves the participation of basic processes such as the reception and adequate processing of information received from the surrounding environment, the elaboration of adaptive...

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### Language as a predictor of dementias

- Published: 2021-08-05
- Modified: 2021-08-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/language-as-a-predictor-of-dementias/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Dementia, Language, Mild Cognitive Impairment

The field of neuropsychological profile research in dementias is a prolific field, more and more interest is placed in knowing what are the defining characteristics of this nosological entity, understanding in depth how the different cognitive abilities are affected will help us to make early diagnoses in order to intervene in subjects and slow down or alleviate, as far as possible, the development and progression of the disease. In this article we have focused on the higher cognitive capacity of language in order to analyze the characteristics of its impairment in people with dementia. The data show that language is affected in all modalities in the development of dementia, although there are some discrepancies in both the form and extent of the involvement. Therefore, we are facing a field, full of possibilities for future progress, which will allow us to be more accurate in diagnosis and more accurate in intervention. The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was introduced in 1988 by Reisberg and defined in the scientific literature by Flicker and collaborators, although its interest was consolidated by a study carried out by the Mayo Clinic, a famous entity dedicated to clinical practice, education and research in the USA. MCI patients are at a stage between normal aging and dementia. Moreover, statistics show that 50% of people with MCI will develop one of the dementias. For this reason, it is important to know the signs and symptoms that characterize these pathologies, to refine the diagnosis and establish early intervention...

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### Rehabilitation of hemineglect after stroke

- Published: 2021-08-03
- Modified: 2022-10-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/rehabilitation-of-hemineglect-after-stroke/
- Categories: Stroke
- Tags: Hemineglect, Neurorehabilitation, Stroke, stroke rehabilitation, tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation

Definition of hemineglect and functional repercussions Hemineglect involves a difficulty in attending to the hemifield contralateral (usually the left) to the injured brain area, and can range from an omission of objects that are located in the left hemifield of space to a lack of attention, recognition and even denial of parts of one's own body. At the functional level, hemineglect results in severe difficulties in the independence of the affected person, both in basic activities of daily living (grooming, dressing, eating, etc. ) and instrumental (handling money, food preparation, public transportation or independent ambulation). In addition, the presence of hemineglect has been associated with longer hospital admission and rehabilitation times, increased risk of falls, and poor motor and functional recovery (Chen et al. , 2015; Jehkonen et al. , 2006; Wilkinson et al. , 2012). Recovery from hemineglect Regarding the prognosis of hemineglect recovery, in studies conducted 8 to 12 months after stroke with the presence of hemineglect, they found that hemineglect persisted in one-third of cases (Colombo et al. , 1982; Karnath et al. , 2011) or little recovery from hemineglect occurred (Kalra et al. , 1997; Katz et al. , 1999; Luukkainen-Markkula et al. , 2014; Paolucci et al. , 2001). Current therapies Today, available therapeutic approaches for the rehabilitation of hemineglect, e. g. prismatic adaptation, visuospatial training, mental imagery therapy or optokinetic stimulation, have limited and sometimes short-lived clinical effectiveness (Azouvi et al. , 2017; Fasotti & van Kessel, 2013). Due to the persistence of the symptomatology and the impact it has on the patient's independence, it is essential...

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### Alterations in patients with Lewy body dementia

- Published: 2021-08-02
- Modified: 2021-08-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alterations-in-patients-with-dementia-with-lewy-body-dementia/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: Dementia, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Dementia with Lewy bodies Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease, with an estimated prevalence according to different studies between 2% and 25% of all cases (Vann Jones and O'Brien, 2014). What is Lewy body dementia? This neurodegenerative disease is mainly characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies, mostly formed by alpha-synuclein proteins, in subcortical regions such as the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, basal nuclei of Meynert and hypothalamus, as well as in the frontal, temporal cortex, and occipital lobes. However, neither the neuropathology, nor the classification, nor the naming of neurodegenerative dementias are simple matters; for example, alongside deposits of alpha-synuclein there are deposits of p-Tau and beta-amyloid protein, i. e. , typical findings of Alzheimer's disease. Classification of dementias In Figure 1, extracted from an article with a more than suggestive title, "Moving from neurodegenerative dementias, to cognitive proteinopathies, replacing 'where' by 'what'" (Allegri, 2020), we can see a classification of neurodegenerative dementias according to the proteins associated with each of them. Symptoms of dementia due to Lewy bodies Before entering fully into the description of the alterations of higher visual processing in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, and in order to get a general idea of their clinical profile, let us contextualize them within the set of signs usually collected by the literature as characteristic of this population. Briefly, and according to The Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) Consortium (McKeith et al. , 2017), these would be: Visual hallucinations. Extrapyramidal signs. Fluctuation of...

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### Neurodevelopment: disorders, comorbidity and child neuropsychology.

- Published: 2021-07-28
- Modified: 2021-10-04
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/neurodevelopment-disorders-comorbidity-and-child-neuropsychology/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ADHD, ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Child Neuropsychology, neurodevelopmental disorder, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neuropsychology

Currently, there is an increase in emotional and behavioral alterations in childhood and adolescence (Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental Honorio Delgado- Hideyo Noguchi , 2012), which can be described and explained depending on their etiology, symptomatology and dysfunctionality in childhood and adolescent disorders, among which are neurodevelopmental disorders. Childhood and adolescent disorders have different etiologies from a biological, psychological and social perspective. One of these large groups is made up of neurodevelopmental disorders. This group of disorders is characterized by a delay in the growth and maturation of the brain associated with cognitive, emotional and behavioral dysfunction (Artigas-Pallarés, Guitart & Gabau-Vila, 2013). Next, we will describe the neurodevelopmental construct, the classification of neurodevelopmental disorders, their comorbid conditions and their evaluation from a neuropsychological perspective. Neurodevelopment Neurodevelopment implies a constant interaction between the organism and the environment, where different capacities, abilities, skills, abilities, attitudes, etc. , are progressively formed, in which the nervous system enters a maturation process and together with the social environment allows the development of brain functions, as well as personality (Gutiérrez, Lazarte & Alarcón, 2016). In addition, it allows the maturation of cognitive, motor and emotional abilities, although part of a similar process, each person has its own rhythm, being a nexus for an adequate interaction of genetics, stimulation and affectivity (Medina-Alva, et al. , 2015). Consequently, its delay can originate a lesser connection and development of the brain being described through neurodevelopmental disorders. What are neurodevelopmental disorders? Neurodevelopmental disorders are problems associated with a lower functioning and...

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### The cognitive symptoms of depression

- Published: 2021-07-28
- Modified: 2021-10-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/the-cognitive-symptoms-of-depression/
- Categories: Cognitive Impairment, Neuropsychology
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Depression

At NeuronUP, we approach this disorder by analyzing the cognitive symptoms of depression, so that people suffering from this disorder are encouraged to ask for help and can start a neurorehabilitation program as soon as possible. The cognitive symptoms of depression When thinking about people with this disorder, we usually think about their emotional symptoms: sadness, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, indifference, discouragement, and insomnia. But the truth is that these are not the only problems they have to face. People suffering from depression often complain of difficulty concentrating, being easily distracted, being unable to carry out everyday tasks, and being forgetful. The fact is that depression is associated with a decrease in cognitive functions such as attention, concentration, memory, decision making, planning, use of vocabulary, etc. These cognitive symptoms can have very negative consequences since people with depression areunable to perform their jobs adequately, do well in school or perform their normal activities of daily living. Cognitive deficits: During a depressive episode, patients suffer cognitive symptoms more than 80% of the time and more than 40% of the time in-between episodes. Attention Patients with depression have difficultystaying focused while performing tasks that require sustained mental effort and information processing. Memory People suffering from this disorder have trouble with short- and long-term memory. Executive Functions Executive functions are complex cognitive processes necessary for planning, organizing, guiding, revising, regulating, and evaluating behavior necessary to adapt effectively to the environment and to achieve goals (Bauermeister, 2008). Depressed patients show deficits in executive functions such as planning, working memory or decision making. Raise Awareness It is...

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### Model of executive functions based on factorial analyses: a meta-analysis

- Published: 2021-07-28
- Modified: 2023-06-27
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/model-of-executive-functions-based-on-factorial-analyses-a-meta-analysis/
- Categories: Executive Functions, Neuropsychology, Neuroscience
- Tags: Executive Functions, Inhibition, Planning

Introduction.  Since Lezak coined the term executive functions to refer to the mental capabilities that are considered essential for performing efficacious, creative and socially acceptable behaviour, they have gradually grown in importance in neuropsychological research. Different models have been proposed to explain their nature, but there is no general agreement as to whether we are dealing with a unitary construct or a multimodal processing system with independent, but interconnected, components. With the aim of gaining a deeper knowledge of the structure of this construct, researchers have conducted lesion, neuroimaging and, more recently, factorial analysis studies, the latter being seen as a promising methodology for expanding our knowledge about such a generic concept as the executive functions. DEVELOPMENT. The purpose of this study is to carry out a systematic review of factorial models of attention and executive control in adults, between the years 1991 and 2016, using the PubMed, OvidSP and PsycINFO databases. Altogether, 33 papers were reviewed. Based on the literature, an integrating proposal of the executive functions is put forward. Conclusions.  Although we do not have just one single model that can account for the complexity of the executive functions, there does seem to be general agreement on their multidimensionality. In factorial analyses, there is strong evidence of updating, inhibition and alternation, although there are also studies that propose novel factors. Our integrating proposal aims to combine the executive processes found in the literature with their corresponding neuroanatomical correlates, and defends the stance that the ideal methodology should use information from...

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### Mirror Neuron System: Function, Dysfunction and Rehabilitation Proposals

- Published: 2021-07-28
- Modified: 2023-06-20
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/mirror-neuron-system-function-dysfunction-and-rehabilitation-proposals/
- Categories: ASD, Neuropsychology, Neuroscience
- Tags: ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Language, Mirror Neuron System, Social Cognition

Definition of the mirror neuron system Neuroanatomy of the mirror neuron system motor/imitation : There are two main neuronal networks that make up the mirror neuron system (Cattaneo & Rizzolati, 2008): one formed by areas of the parietal lobe and the premotor cortex, as well as by the caudal part of the lower frontal rotation; and another formed by the isula and the medial anterior frontal cortex. We will now focus on the first system, which involves learning based on observation and imitation. The anatomical organization of the first system responds to a somatopic hierarchy of the ventral premotor cortex, being the motor acts of the legs located in the dorsal zone; the facial behaviors located ventrally, and the manual ones with an intermediate distribution. The location of proximal motor acts (moving the hand towards a point) are represented dorsally, while the simple act of grasping produces a ventral activity in the premotor cortex. On the other hand, the observation of motor acts produces a differential activation in the parietal cortex, as well. The observation of transitive acts produces an activation of the intraparietal sulcus, as well as an activation of the parietal convexity adjacent to that area. The observation of intransitive acts -regardless of whether they are symbolic acts or mimic repetition- find a specific activity in the posterior part of the supramarginal gyre, which extends to the angular gyre. Finally, the observation of acts performed with tools specifically activates the most rostral part of the supramarginal turn. The mirror neuron system produces...

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### Cognitive abilities: what they are, types, functioning and stimulation

- Published: 2021-07-27
- Modified: 2023-06-13
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-abilities-what-they-are-types-functioning-and-stimulation/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: cognitive abilities, Cognitive Stimulation

What are cognitive abilities? Cognitive abilities are a group of mental processes related to information processing that allow us to interact and relate adaptively in our daily lives. We have different capacities such as memory, attention, language... that enable us to respond to stimuli. We can intervene on these capacities by enhancing and improving them. From the moment we are born we are continuously interacting with the environment around us. In that first moment of arrival to the world, the baby's crying is produced automatically and innately, it sends us a message that tells us: I am here, I am breathing and I need someone to take care of me. From birth and through the stimuli we receive in our development, both from the environment and from the people around us, prints are generated in our central nervous system through the specialization of groups of neurons, associated with well-defined and well-determined functions, until we reach a sophisticated and perfectly meshed system that allows us to relate to the world in an adaptive, adjusted and adequate way, responding to the demands it makes on us and satisfying the needs that allow us to preserve life. This refined, select, delicate and precise system is formed, among others, by cognitive capacities. Definition We can define cognitive abilities or cognitive skills as a set of aptitudes, attitudes, processes and faculties of our mind that allow us to perceive, attend, process, select, interpret, analyze and respond to everything and everyone around us and to be...

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### Cognitive stimulation in adults with NeuronUP

- Published: 2021-07-23
- Modified: 2021-07-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/cognitive-stimulation-in-adults-with-neuronup/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Neurorehabilitation, seniors

NeuroActivo Memory Care Services, a pioneer in Puerto Rico in cognitive stimulation for adults, tells us about its experience with NeuronUP and the benefits derived from working with the tool. The beginnings Our company is located in Puerto Rico; being an island territory of the United States, most of our health services are highly influenced by the U. S. health system. That said, it is important to highlight that cognitive stimulation is minimally applied on the island and many are unaware of the great benefits it brings to health. That is why "Neuroactivo Memory Care Services" was born in 2017. The process of organizing the service was gradual and was geared towards the elderly; once we officially started the project in 2020 we were surprised by the demand and satisfaction it has generated, producing remarkable changes in the participants we have. When the idea of working on cognitive stimulation arose, the reality is that we had in our minds much more set in the future for what we wanted to accomplish. We had the idea, but we could not find that moment that would push us to start the project. Without having taken any action, the first person came to us in need of cognitive stimulation therapy. Everything at the beginning was a matter of trial and error. We were not clear about the order or uniformity of our services. However, from the cognitive therapies we realized that our patient showed an improvement in his quality of life. This positive evolution...

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### Types of NeuronUP activities: worksheets, generators and games

- Published: 2021-07-23
- Modified: 2024-02-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/types-of-neuronup-activities-worksheets-generators-and-games/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: NeuronUP activities, Neurorehabilitation games, neurorehabilitation generators, neurorehabilitation worksheets, worksheets for cognitive stimulation

NeuronUP has thousands of cognitive stimulation exercises. All of them are divided into three types of activities: worksheets, generators and games. But do you know the difference between these 3 types of NeuronUP activities? Understanding the difference between worksheets, generators and games will allow you to choose the most appropriate activity depending on what you want to work on with your patients at any given time. Types of NeuronUP activities AHere we explain the difference between the three types of NeuronUP activities 1. Worksheets They are divided into levels of difficulty Basic Easy Medium Difficult Avanced Ways of working Correction mode: the platform gives feedback to the patient after each action. Free mode: the platform does give any feedback during the activity being worked. Format Digital Paper Example: Pair up the figures In the following example we show you how to work a digital worksheet in correction (feedback) mode. Specifically, the worksheet for adults called Pair up the figures. It is a worksheet to work on selective attention in which the patient must match images that are the same. https://youtu. be/lMq8iXcWiI8 2. Generators Generators allow you to create unlimited and ecological activities. The patient understands what to do in each activity, the process, how it is worked but can never memorizes the answer, since each instance is different. Ways of working Correction mode: the platform gives feedback to the patient after each action. Free mode: the platform does give any feedback during the activity being worked. Personalized mode: allows us to...

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### Intervention with NeuronUP for people with Down syndrome

- Published: 2021-07-15
- Modified: 2024-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-down-syndrome/intervention-with-neuronup-for-people-with-down-syndrome/
- Categories: Activities for Down Syndrome
- Tags: Activities for Down Syndrome, Down Syndrome

This article explains how to carry out an intervention with NeuronUP for people affected with Down syndrome. The target group is adults with Down syndrome between 20 and 40 years of age. The session will be directed towards a group of 10 people. The tool used to evaluate this group is the WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). This scale is responsible for examining the measurement of intelligence: General Intelligence Quotient, Verbal and Executive Quotient (Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Working Memory and Processing Speed). The scale was performed and a low mean score was obtained. Regarding cognitive functions, it was observed that memory was affected, especially working memory. Therefore, we proceeded to work on this area in a 60-minute session divided into 4 activities. Objectives of the intervention in people with Down Syndrome The main objective is to improve memory in adults with Down syndrome by performing activities with the NeuronUP program. . In addition, there are a series of specific objectives: Stimulate working memory. To enhance long-term memory, specifically episodic memory. Improve semantic memory. Cognitive session in people with Down syndrome The following NeuronUP activities have been selected to carry out the memory intervention in people with Down syndrome. Sort the words alphabetically Objective: improve semantic memory and stimulate working memory. This generator consists of alphabetizing a list of words. In this case, the activity has two game modes: free mode and correction mode. For this group, the correction mode will be chosen, so that the individuals doing the activity are...

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### 5 activities designed to work with children with ADHD

- Published: 2021-07-13
- Modified: 2021-10-18
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-adhd/5-activities-designed-to-work-with-children-with-adhd/
- Categories: Activities for ADHD
- Tags: activities to work selective attention with children, ADHD, alternating attention, selective attention, sustained attention

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by overt symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity-hyperactivity. It is estimated that in each classroom there is, on average, one child with ADHD. In a previous blog post, we already talked about its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment and today, on the occasion of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Awareness Month and with the aim of raising awareness about this disorder, we propose five NeuronUP activities to work with children with ADHD. Activities for children with ADHD Here are five activities to work with children affected by ADHD. 1. Park Obstacles First of all, we present Park Obstacles, the first of the activities for an ADHD intervention. It is a worksheet that consists of memorizing a series of obstacles and then arriving to your destination successfully while avoiding them. Levels of difficulty Like all NeuronUP worksheets, it has five different levels of difficulty that allow the professional to adapt the activity to the capabilities of each patient: basic, easy, medium, difficult and advanced. In the following video you can see and example of this digital worksheet: https://youtu. be/T-w989CSdb0 What does this activity work? The main function of this activity is episodic memory and the secondary function is planning. 2. Space Conquest This children's exercise set in space consists of jumping between different moving planets until reaching the final destination. Various difficulty levels As in all NeuronUP games, the difficulty levels up and down automatically according to the child's progress. In addition, in this type of activities it is...

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### What is resilience?

- Published: 2021-07-12
- Modified: 2021-07-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/what-is-resilience/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Neuropsychology, Resilience, Social Skills

“I am a fortunate man. Nothing in my life has been easy” (Sigmund Freud) In life, sooner or later, we all deal with difficult events: the illness or death of a loved one, a romantic breakup, financial problems, the loss of a job, changes or crises, etc. Resilienceis the human capacity to face, adapt successfully, and emerge stronger from adversity. For resilient people there is no hard life, but rather difficult moments Characteristics of resilient people First, we should make clear that being resilient is not exactly as being resistant. There is a subtle difference between resilience and resistance. The latter implies rigidity while resilience connotes flexibility. Therefore, resilient people are not like rocks with standing the blows but flexible like bamboo, adapting to and overcoming adverse situations. Resilient people are not what they have done but what they have overcome. Resilient peoplegive themselves enough time to recover, they do not dwell on failures, they handle pressure and overcome sadness. They thrive despite challenges and have a sense of humor when facing challenging circumstances. They learn from mistakes and face life’s difficulties. They manage negative emotions and use coping skills to get through hard times. Example of group resilience After the tragedy that struck New York City (United States) on September 11,2001, America united politically and socially in an unprecedented way. This cohesive resilience is aremarkable example of how a group of people, or even a nation, can come together and rise from the ashes of disaster and reemerge transformed... .

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### Children's laterality: cross laterality exercises for kids

- Published: 2021-07-12
- Modified: 2021-07-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/childrens-laterality-cross-laterality-exercises-for-kids/
- Categories: Activities for kids
- Tags: Body Schema, crossed laterality, Gnosis, laterality

You've been asking for it and here it is: a new package to work on laterality in children, specifically cross laterality with children! In addition, we include in this package a maze generator to work on planning with a spatial component. In total we've included four new generators to add a fresh new component to your interventions. Activities to work on children's laterality These three exercises are ideal for working with children on right and left laterality in a fun and entertaining way: Which way are they facing? In this activity children have to try to identify which way the elements are facing, as shown in the example: Left or right? In this case, children have to identify which side various elements are on, right or left. Which side does it go on? This exercise to work on children's laterality consists of placing objects on the correct side. What do these activities work? With these activities we are working on cross laterality, a common problem in consultations, which is part of the child's body schema. Application in daily life In daily life it is essential to differentiate right and left for many tasks. With these cross laterality activities, children will learn to identify which way different elements are facing, to place things on the correct side of another item or to choose what they need on the indicated side. Personalization of children's laterality activities In addition, these three infant laterality activities can be customized. General aspects In all of these...

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### Activities for people with Down syndrome

- Published: 2021-07-06
- Modified: 2021-07-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-down-syndrome/activities-for-people-with-down-syndrome/
- Categories: Activities for Down Syndrome
- Tags: Activities for Down Syndrome, Activities of Daily Living, cognitive training

When we are told about Down syndrome, we immediately think of the face of a child or young person we know who has the typical features of this trisomy. However, it is increasingly common to meet adults with Down syndrome. Today we can say that the life expectancy of a person with Down syndrome in our country has multiplied over the last 30 years, going from an average of 25 years of life in the 80-90 years to an average of 60 years of life today. This increase in life expectancy is mainly due to an increase in the quality of life of these people, above all thanks to medical advances that have managed to correct or prevent the typical complications that can appear in a person with DS, such as congenital heart disease, leukaemia, repeated infections... But also, thanks to individual factors and the inclusion of these people in society. We are therefore faced with an increasingly older and, in turn, aging population of people with Down syndrome, as the aging process in DS is more rapid than in the general population. With a series of disorders associated with the aging process, to which we must add that due to their genetic characteristics they are more likely to develop an Alzheimer’s type dementia. Disorders in adults with Down syndrome Some of the disorders that we can find in an adult with DS are the following: Alzheimer’s disease (AD)Sensory deficitsDepression and anxiety disordersOther psychological disordersSleep ApneaHyper or hypothyroidismVitamin B12 deficitChronic pain associated with ageCeliac diseaseMetabolic diseases Diagnostic...

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### Brainbow: How to Colorize a Brain

- Published: 2021-07-06
- Modified: 2023-06-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/brainbow/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: Brain, Brainbow, Neuroscience

In 1906, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was shared between Camilo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Golgi was largely awarded for creating a type of staining that marked neurons and their ramifications, but this one had the problem that because there were so many neurons it was very difficult to see where each neuron began and ended. Cajal altered the staining to make many fewer neurons distinguishable, which made it possible to see each cell individually and discover that in the communication between neurons there are spaces of separation. The Brainbow Thus, from the beginning of histology it has been a constant problem to distinguish neurons and their extensions within a dye. And it is not for less, since our brain contains more than 100,000 kilometers of connections, but fortunately in 2007 was published the first version of a technique that allows us to see individually each one of these connections: the Brainbow. The concepts of the Brainbow This technique is based on two very simple concepts: It is possible to generate transgenic animals that express fluorescent proteins of different colors. For example, there is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP). If each cell of an animal tissue has different types of these fluorescent proteins and in different amounts, then each cell will have a different color. From this base, animals were generated (initially worked with mice) that had three or four different fluorescent proteins that were mixed thanks to the activation of a gene (a recombinase also artificially...

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### NeuronUP becomes an associate member of FALA, Florida's largest assisted living association.

- Published: 2021-06-25
- Modified: 2021-07-07
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-becomes-an-associate-member-of-fala-floridas-largest-assisted-living-association/
- Categories: NeuronUP News
- Tags: ALFs, Assisted Living Facilities, Memory Care

We have good news and we want to share it with you! NeuronUP is now an associate member of FALA, the largest assisted living association in Florida. This agreement is a new step in the expansion of NeuronUP into the United States. To inaugurate this relationship, NeuronUP with the help of FALA is organizing a training of the NeuronUP neurorehabilitation platform with its partner centers on July 7th. The webinar will explain the benefits of using NeuronUP with memory-impaired residents. What is FALA? The Florida Assisted Living Association (FALA) is the oldest assisted living association in the state. It has been providing advocacy, education and support to its members for 25 years. FALA was founded when three regional associations, Suncoast Adult Care Association (St. Petersburg/Clearwater), Florida Residential Care Association (Orlando), The Adult Care Association of Florida (Broward County) and many independent facility owners from across the state, decided to join forces to create a single voice for Assisted Living Facilities (ALFs). Today, FALA is the largest statewide association representing more than 650 assisted living facilities and adult family care homes and nearly 300 associate members who provide products and services to assisted living facilities. What benefits does NeuronUP get as a FALA member? As an associate member, the NeuronUP team will be able to, among other benefits: Participate in all Association activities, including participation in committees. Have access to more than 600 member facilities. Be in e-mail communications with other members. Training program NeuronUP with the help of FALA is organizing a...

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### Cognitive motor training: use of dual tasks, virtual and augmented reality

- Published: 2021-06-23
- Modified: 2025-02-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-motor-training-use-of-dual-tasks-virtual-and-augmented-reality/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s, Attention, Brain Injury, Motor Learning, Motor Training, Parkinson&#039;s Disease, Stroke, Virtual Reality

(The present document “Cognitive motor training: use of dual tasks, virtual and augmented reality” is based on a free translation of the document entitled “Walking and balance training based on virtual and augmented reality” (1) with contributions by the author José López Sánchez, based on his clinical experience and other published scientific studies on the subject. ) 1. Introduction The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in neurorehabilitation has become popular in recent years and has received great attention in scientific publications (about 1000 articles) (1). (photo taken from: https://www. fitness-gaming. com/news/health-and-rehab/c-mill-treadmill-uses-projected-graphics-and-virtual-worlds-to-improve-gait-stability. html) Deficits in dual, cognitive-motor tasks (for example, walking while talking) are common in people with neurological sequelae. Dual cognitive-motor task training has been proposed as an alternative to conventional rehabilitation methods in addressing these problems (2). The results of studies on dual task training show improvements in: Walking speed in a task, and step length in people with Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.  Walking speed on dual tasks in people with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s and brain damage.  May improve balance and cognition in people with Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. 2. Principles of treatment The protocols used in the different studies and the outcome measures used are still very heterogeneous and do not allow comparison between groups. However, the training should follow a series of principles that, following the theories of motor learning, allow optimizing the interventions and improving the results. These principles should be applied in training: 1. Focus of attention. 2. Implicit learning. 3. Variation. 4. Intensity of training. 5. Task specificity. 6. Feedback. Let’s explain one...

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### Parkinson’s smell

- Published: 2021-06-23
- Modified: 2021-06-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/parkinsons-smell/
- Categories: Parkinson’s
- Tags: Neurodegenerative Diseases, parkinson&#039;s, Parkinson&#039;s Disease

Of the five senses, smelling is perhaps the least valued nowadays, even when we all have strong emotional memories associated with some odor. For example, we all remember our grandparents’ houses and their distinct smell. Japanese culture has its own term for this smell, kareishu or “old people smell,” and science has discovered that the substance 2-nonenal found in human body odor tends to increase with aging. This is particularly interesting because it means that, regardless of our level of hygiene, our body odor changes as we age, which leads to a thought-provoking clinical question: can specific smells be linked to certain diseases?  Several researchers are working on this matter and, among other things, they have found that trained dogs could accurately (91%) distinguish between the breath of people with and without colon cancer. This opens the door to the search for odorous molecules associated with certain illnesses. Joy Milne can smell Parkinson’s disease In this regard, one of the most researched fields is that of Parkinson’s disease and all thanks to one woman: Joy Milne. Joy’s husband suffered from Parkinson’s and while attending a research lecture at the University of Edinburgh, she asked the speaker if people with Parkinson’s had a characteristic smell. This anecdote led to two discoveries: first, just like great sommeliers, Joy had an extraordinary sense of smell that was well above average. Second, Joy was able, by scent alone, to identify if study participants had the smell that her husband had developed and therefore to know if they had Parkinson’s...

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### NeuronUP participates in the Australian virtual conference OTAUS 2021

- Published: 2021-06-22
- Modified: 2021-06-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/neuronup-participates-in-the-australian-virtual-conference-otaus-2021/
- Categories: Occupational therapy
- Tags: Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy, OTA, OTAUS

NeuronUP participates this week in the Australian virtual congress OTAUS 2021, the most important scientific conference in Australia for occupational therapists. The Spanish company will exhibit its rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation web platform with the aim of expanding its presence in the Australian country. The OTA national congress is an opportunity for everyone working in occupational therapy in Australia to meet: clinicians, managers, students and academics, etc. NeuronUP will take advantage of this space to present its tool and make it known among professionals in the field of occupational therapy. This year, in its 29th edition, the main theme of the congress is "Inspired Insights for Brighter Futures". This theme highlights the changing context in which the profession is practicing. It also recognizes that the methods that exist in the profession can positively influence the future in all areas of occupational therapy practice. OTAUS 2021 Virtual Conference Program Wednesday 23/06/2021 9. 30am - 10. 50amOPENING SESSION                                                     9. 30am - 9. 45amWelcome to CountryUncle Allan Murray, Gadigal People of the Eora Nation9. 45am - 9. 55amWelcome from the President of Occupational Therapy Australia9. 55am - 10. 00amWelcome from the CEO of Occupational Therapy AustraliaSamantha Hunter10. 00am - 10. 05amIntroduction from the Conference ConvenorIona Novak10. 05am - 10. 50amOpening Keynote PresentationThe Hon Michael Kirby10. 50am - 11. 20amMorning BreakTime to view ePosters and engage with exhibitors11. 20am - 12. 05pmIn Conversation with Aunty Lyn WarrenAunty Lyn Warren and Carol McKinstry 12. 05pm - 12. 10pmStretch Refresh...

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### Cognitive stimulation: cognitive stimulation activities

- Published: 2021-06-22
- Modified: 2021-06-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-stimulation-cognitive-stimulation-activities/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News, Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Neuropsychology, Occupational Therapist, Speech-Language Pathologist

Cognitive stimulation involves a range of activities aimed at maintaining or improving cognitive function. It targets cognitive domains such as orientation, attention, memory, language, executive functions, gnosis, praxis, visuospatial skills, social cognition, etc. Cognitive stimulation goals Its primary goal is to slow down cognitive decline and maintain preserved skills. Who needs cognitive stimulation activities? Cognitive stimulation is utilized in neurodegenerative diseases (people with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease) and cognitive deficiencies related to normal aging. Cognitive stimulation is intended to slow the progression of dementia. Professionals providing cognitive stimulation Cognitive stimulation therapy requires supervision by appropriate professionals.  Neuropsychologists, psychologists, speech-language therapists or occupational therapists are usually the ones who are trained to carry out appropriate therapeutic interventions. Each therapeutic intervention should be unique, as it depends on such diverse factors as the type of impairment, patients’ personal characteristics and circumstances or the particularities of the professional conducting the intervention. In this manner, the professional determines the type of cognitive stimulation activities clients should carry out, the duration of the activities and the level of difficulty of the tasks. Traditionally, cognitive stimulation programs are based on paper-and-pencil exercises, but for several years this intervention has evolved hand in hand with online neurorehabilitation tools such as NeuronUP. Leader in cognitive stimulation activities NeuronUP is an online platform for professionals in cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation that provides activities of daily living for the cognitive rehabilitation and stimulation of people with brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease), neurodevelopmental disorders, mental illness, intellectual disability, cognitive aging, normal aging, etc. It is based on a robust theoretical framework supervised by a scientific...

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### What is occupational therapy good for?

- Published: 2021-06-22
- Modified: 2021-06-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/what-is-occupational-therapy-good-for/
- Categories: Occupational therapy
- Tags: Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy, OT

The 27th of October is World Occupational Therapist Day, and from our cognitive rehabilitation platform we want to give a shout out to the importance of occupational therapy and its professionals in the rehabilitation and stimulation processes to achieve maximum functionality of people with some kind of physical, cognitive or behavioral limitation. According to the World Health Organization, occupational therapy “is the set of techniques, methods and actions that, through activities applied for therapeutic purposes, prevent disease and maintain health, promote the restoration of function, replace disabling deficiencies and assess the assumptions of behavior and its profound significance to achieve the greatest possible independence and reintegration of the individual in all aspects: work, mental, physical and social. At NeuronUP we believe it is essential to banish the idea that some people still have that occupational therapy simply serves to retrain people to get them back to work and want it known that occupational therapists work to achieve maximum functionality of people with some type of physical, cognitive, behavioral or a set of them.   What is the goal of the occupational therapist? The main goal of the occupational therapist is to enable people to participate again in the activities of daily life.  In order to do this, the occupational therapist must first assess the person’s physical, mental and social condition and, once the needs have been detected, provide them with a personalized treatment adapted to their condition in order to help them obtain the highest level of autonomy. Occupational therapy is a fundamental...

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### Kristine Kingsley Online Presentation – Emotional Regulation & Acquired Brain Injury

- Published: 2021-06-22
- Modified: 2021-06-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/training/neuronup-academy/kristine-kingsley-online-presentation-emotional-regulation-acquired-brain-injury/
- Categories: NeuronUP Academy
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, NeuronUP Academy

Information on the free online presentation Title of the conference: “Emotional Regulation & Acquired Brain Injury- an overview of evidenced-based intervention models for dysexecutive problems. ” https://youtu. be/D2yJI7Pntqo Learning Objectives: At the conclusion of this presentation, the participant will be able to: 1) Become familiar of recommendations for the treatment of deficits in executive functioning 2) Describe examples of meta-cognitive strategy training for deficits in executive functioning; 3) Describe examples of problem-solving interventions for deficits in executive functioning; 4) Describe a general algorithm and conceptual framework for interventions of awareness, executive functioning, adynamia, and emotional / behavioral self-regulation. “Emotional Regulation & Acquired Brain Injury- an overview of evidenced-based intervention models for dysexecutive problems. ” Kristine Kingsley Practicing Rehabilitation Psychologist and Neuropsychologist; Clinical Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center. Dr. Kristine Kingsley is an independent practitioner, and a consultant within the Montefiore Health Care System in New York. She is a former NYU Langone Senior Psychologist and Co-director for the Psychology Internship Program. Dr. Kingsley completed her undergraduate degree at the American College of Greece and received her graduate training at New York University and Yeshiva University, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology. She is board certified in Rehabilitation Psychology, and a member of the Board of Trustees for the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) of the American Psychological Association (APA). Dr. Kingsley has been extensively involved in the systematic review of evidenced based practices in cognitive rehabilitation and acquired brain injury. She is faculty member of the American Congress of Rehabilitation...

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### Intensive therapies in neurorehabilitation: Only applicable to motor functions?

- Published: 2021-06-16
- Modified: 2021-06-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/intensive-therapies-in-neurorehabilitation-only-applicable-to-motor-functions/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: Cognitive Function, Cognitive Functions, Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Neurorehabilitation, Therapy

The effect of intensive therapies on the recovery of people from brain injury has been studied with increasing frequency in recent years. The results of these studies are starting to show the enormous potential of intensive therapies in the recovery of patients, beyond what had been accomplished to date through other types of treatment. Dr. Edward Taub and his team at the University of Alabama-Birminghamare pioneers in the field of intensive therapies; in the 1990s, after several years of researchusing animal models, they developed a treatment technique called constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT): https://www. uab. edu/citherapy/images/CIT_training/Taub_1994_Shaping. pdf Dr. Taub’s research group designeda training program that, among many other things, was pioneering because of the working time devoted to working with patients, specifically 6 hours a day, for three weeks in a row, in his first protocol. From the beginning, and later demonstrated by successive studies, Dr. Taub and his colleagues were sure about the necessity to increase the work carried out by patients to optimize their rehabilitation and achieve long-lasting changes in brain structure. Of course, not only the number of hours spent per day is important, but also the content of those hours, although I will focus more on the first aspect in this post. Repetition as a key to learning Other physical rehabilitation interventions have continued to develop over the past two decades. Nowadays, the use of robotics and new technologies is becoming more frequent,supported by a multitude of studies that have been carried out or are in development. In this particular field, the main...

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### 4 Perplexing Main Rare Causes of Stroke

- Published: 2021-06-16
- Modified: 2021-06-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stroke/4-perplexing-main-rare-causes-of-stroke/
- Categories: Stroke
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Stroke

Stroke is a chief cause of death- the third in the U. S with statistics citing about 140,000 fatalities annually. The condition occurs when there is a problem with the blood vessels like blockage (ischemic) or a leak (hemorrhagic). Due to the resulting damage to the brain nerve cells where blood vessels are not functional, the area that the nerves serve fails to work as well. Several known risk factors and diseases can lead to the condition or make an individual more susceptible to it, and these include cardiovascular ailments, high blood pressure, and atrial fibrillation. However, some rare diseases and circumstances exist that can result in the condition. A doctor may have a situation where a low-risk patient gets a blood clot with no apparent cause like Dr. Jose Biller of Loyola University did. When a patient doesn’t have a known history of heart conditions, doesn’t smoke, and exercises correctly but still suffers from the illness, it is practical to consider some of the rarer causes. Given the thousands of miles of vessels that are responsible for transporting 20 to 25% of the body’s blood, the possible culprits are numerous, and these include next four perplexing main rare causes of stroke 4 Perplexing Main Rare Causes of Stroke Moyamoya Disease Moyamoya disease is one of main rare causes of stroke. It is a rare disease where the carotid arteries narrow over time. As the vessels get narrower, they can start leaking or block altogether. No reason is cited for narrowing blood vessels. The presumption is that...

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### Sustained attention impairment and rehabilitation

- Published: 2021-06-14
- Modified: 2021-06-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/sustained-attention-impairment-and-rehabilitation/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: Activities for improving attention, Attention, sustained attention

What is attention? Attention is a basic, multidimensional cognitive ability, essential for information processing. On the one hand, it is considered basic because it is essential for the correct functioning of higher-order psychological processes such as learning, by receiving, selecting and assimilating/interpreting stimuli that will later be encoded and stored in an organized manner in memory. On the other hand, attention is multidimensional because it is composed of five separate levels: focused attention, sustained attention, selective attention, alternating attention and divided attention, according to the clinical model of attention by Sohlberg and Mateer. The different levels are organized in a hierarchical fashion, so that the proper functioning of the higher levels depends on the proper functioning of the lower and less complex levels. Research on the development of attention has shown that, from birth to the first year of life, children’s attentional capacity is based solely on maintaining a state of alertness and orienting to sensory events, for which focused attention is responsible. During this first period, observation length varies, increasing at 8-10 weeks and decreasing between 3 to 6 months due to more efficient information processing that needs less time to process stimuli; from 7 months onwards, a greater variability in observation length is observed since the greater processing capacity allows children to process simple stimuli quickly, allowing them at the same time to process other more complex stimuli that require more time. From the first year of life until adulthood, there will be a progressive development of attentional flexibility and the ability to control...

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### Rehabilitation treatment for developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

- Published: 2021-06-10
- Modified: 2021-06-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/rehabilitation-treatment-for-developmental-coordination-disorder-dcd/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: Activities for improving developmental coordination disorder, DCD, developmental coordination disorder

From childhood onwards, we acquire information about how to perform specific tasks unconsciously and from experience. This information is stored and consolidated in our implicit (or procedural) memory to be retrieved when we face the same task again. But, what happens when there is a deficit in this automatic processing? The fact is that children with DCD have serious difficulties in acquiring perceptual-motor habits and cognitive strategies that are essential for their daily development. What is developmental coordination disorder? Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a chronic and prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that not only interferes with academic achievement but also has a significant impact on the child’s ability to learn and manage daily activities with ease. DCD is characterized by impairment in the development of motor coordination and cognitive and psychosocial skills. At first, it leads to subtle difficulties in participating successfully in the tasks presented in the first years of life. With the passage of time, and if not addressed properly, DCD can have a negative effectonmany aspects of life. The main concerns of families often revolve around the secondary consequences resulting from the loss of motor coordination. These include an increased risk for childhood depression and anxiety, greater risk of being overweight or obese, and low self-esteem. DCD is also considered a learning disability due to delayed automatization of information acquisition procedures, which interferes with academic achievement. It affects about 5-6% of school-aged children, and it is therefore recommended to start treatment as soon as possible to minimize the impact of these difficulties...

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### Painting Alzheimer’s

- Published: 2021-06-10
- Modified: 2021-07-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/painting-alzheimers/
- Categories: Alzheimer's
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s

All artists sign their work, however, by the end of 1999, William Utermohlen could barely remember his signature. Born in Philadelphia (1933), William was a famous American artist living in London until his death in 2007. His oil paintings are characterized by bright colors that are difficult to forget, and yet, one of his last works is made in a sober black and white: a pencil-on-paper self-portrait showing a disfigured face in which it is impossible to recognize Utermohlen himself. This drawing was made in 2000, four years after he was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Self-portrait. William Utermohlen (2000) William Utermohlen died in 2007 after eleven years living with Alzheimer’s disease, which places him close to the 4-10 years that a person with Alzheimer’s lives on average, although survival after diagnosis is highly variable and ranges from one year to over twenty. Additionally, it is worth noting that, in retrospect, in many cases, it is possible to detect changes in patients before diagnosis. Prodromal stage U. S. President Ronald Reagan, who in 1994 announced he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, is a good example of this. Linguistic studies of his 1984 debates indicate that the disease was already beginning to develop: researchers detected Reagan’s speech was 9% slower, and he made up to five times more pauses and frequent minor errors in the use of articles, prepositions, and pronouns. The time interval when early symptoms emerge but they are not serious or apparent enough to make a diagnosis is called the prodromal stage, and can be seen not only in Alzheimer’s but also...

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### 12 Effective neurorehabilitation activities to treat neurological diseases

- Published: 2021-06-08
- Modified: 2023-04-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/12-effective-neurorehabilitation-activities-to-treat-neurological-diseases/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: Neurological Disease, Neurorehabilitation

We present 12 effective neurorehabilitation activities to treat neurological diseases. What is neurorehabilitation? Neurorehabilitation consists of a set of well-designed and planned activities and strategies aimed at recovering, compensating or slowing down the deterioration of certain affected functions following brain damage. After any brain injury or alteration there are important transformations in life. Changes appear in cognitive functioning, emotions and also at the physical level, such as in muscle tone or movements. However, neurorehabilitation or neuropsychological rehabilitation can be developed to improve different areas of the individual. The cognitive level (attention, memory, orientation... ), physical aspects such as activities that work on fine hand movements and even the emotional world of the person are trained. Let us not forget that the aim is both to restore functional capacities and to help the patient and his or her family to cope with the new situation. What is the aim of neurorehabilitation? The main objective of neurorehabilitation is to relearn skills that are at risk due to any type of brain injury or to develop the patient's maximum potential, ensuring that he/she can lead a life of maximum independence and satisfaction. Thus, tasks and exercises that are completely personalized are repeated. For this, we first carry out an exhaustive evaluation of the patient, discovering his strengths and the things that interest and motivate him, since we are going to use this to reduce his deficits. This involves a great deal of work, since we have to know the patient well in order to...

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### Video games help treat neurological problems: a pioneering example for combating lazy eye

- Published: 2021-06-08
- Modified: 2023-09-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/video-games-help-treat-neurological-problems-a-pioneering-example-for-combating-lazy-eye/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: amblyopia, improve visual perception

Nowadays, the video game industry is one of the most important in the world, with a large part of the population consuming this type of product (e. g. , 42% of the Spanish population) and generating worldwide sales of $108. 9 billion in 2017. Given the magnitude of this industry, many researchers have wondered whether it would be possible to use video games for therapeutic purposes, and one of the best documented cases are studies on amblyopia. Lazy eye problems Amblyopia, commonly known as lazy eye, is one of the most common vision disorders in children. With a prevalence of approximately 2. 4%, amblyopia affects about 15 million children worldwide. Amblyopia is a neurological condition since “the lazy eye” itself is structurally normal even though there is an imbalance that favors the use of one eye over the other in the part of the nervous system that controls the eyes. This results in vision problems and has a negative impact on quality of life since it may impede reading, delay the development of motor skills, and even reduce children’s self-esteem by affecting their personal image. Eye patching While this problem has been known for years, the gold-standard treatment for amblyopia has hardly changed in the last decades. This treatment entails covering the healthy eye with a patch thus forcing the use of the lazy eye. The underlying idea is that patching the stronger eye reinforces the nerve connections between the brain and the weaker eye to the point that the neurological imbalance between the two eyes disappears. This is highly age-dependent...

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### Cognitive abilities or functions: definition, examples, and exercises for improving them

- Published: 2021-06-08
- Modified: 2023-03-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/exercises-for-improving-cognitive-functions/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: activities for improving cognitive functions, exercises for improving cognitive abilities, neurorehabilitation activities, neurorehabilitation worksheets

<a rel="nofollow" href="https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/"><strong>Cognition </strong></a> or <a rel="nofollow" href="https://neuronup.us/areas-of-intervention/cognitive-functions/"><strong>cognitive functions</strong> </a>are mental processes that allow us to receive, process and elaborate information. They allow individuals to have an active role in the processes of interaction, perception, and comprehension of the environment, which in turn enables them to navigate the world around them.

Cognitive abilities allow us to carry out any task, therefore we use them constantly to learn and remember information, integrate information regarding personal history and identity, manage information relatin gto the time or moment one is living and to where one is heading, maintain and shift attention, recognize different sounds, process different stimuli, perform calculations or represent and mentally manipulate objects. All the activities we do require using our cognitive functions, which involves millions of neuronal connections distributed throughout the brain lobes and the activation of different brain areas to interact safely with our environment and process the information we obtain through different path ways. Cognitive functions, Types and examples of cognitive abilities: Orientation Personal Temporal Spatial Attention Processing speed Sustained attention Selective attention Alternating attention Hemineglect Memory Semantic Episodic Procedural Language Expression Comprehension Vocabulary Naming Fluency Discrimination Repetition Reading Writing Executive functions Working memory Reasoning Planning Inhibition Flexibility Decision making Time estimation Dual-task performance Branching Gnosis Visual Auditory Tactile Gustatory Olfactory Body schema Praxis Facial Ideomotor Ideational Visuoconstructive Visuospatial skills Spatial relations Spatial visualization Social cognition Cognitive impairments Cognitive disorders, as the name suggests, affect cognitive abilities. Individuals who suffer from cognitive disorders thereby have impairments in memory, executive function, language, praxis, gnosis, etc. Below, we recommend different activitiesfor improving cognitive functiondepending onthe type of cognitive function or processto be rehabilitated. Activities for improving cognitive function or cognitive abilities This is a compilation of exercises or activities arranged by cognitive ability. Move the mouse over the image links to see what functions are trained in the different activities and...

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### Cognitive rehabilitation exercises for people with multiple sclerosis

- Published: 2021-06-02
- Modified: 2025-02-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-multiple-sclerosis/cognitive-rehabilitation-exercises-for-people-with-multiple-sclerosis/
- Categories: Activities for Multiple Sclerosis
- Tags: Activities for improving memory, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative Diseases, rehabilitation activities for multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by an unknown virus or antigen. In this case, our body’s immune system attacks myelin, which is a substance that envelops nerve fibers, allowing the transmission of nerve impulses at an adequate speed, which results in <strong>poor communication between neurons</strong> and causes various symptoms described below.

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis The most common symptoms of multiple sclerosis are visual disturbances, balance problems, speech problems, tremor in the hands, weakness in the limbs and loss of strength. Cognitive problems in memory, coding and retrieval of information and emotional problems such as anxiety and depression are also common. Treatment Currently there is no treatment to cure this neurodegenerative disease although we can find some drugs that delay its development and improve its symptoms. In addition, these drugs are combined with physiotherapy sessions, occupational therapy and speech therapy. In addition, the figure of the neuropsychologist is fundamental to address the cognitive deficits that are appearing. The NeuronUP cognitive stimulation platform allows neuropsychologists, occupational therapists and speech therapists to adapt each activity to the particularities and needs of each person, delaying the effects of the disease’s neurodegenerative diseases. The examples of cognitive rehabilitation exercises for people with multiple sclerosis described here have been developed by NeuronUP and have been designed to train cognitive skills: Cognitive rehabilitation exercises for people with multiple sclerosis Below we propose four cognitive rehabilitation exercises for people with multiple sclerosis: 1. Jump the Squares How is it played? The patient has to follow a path with the objective of reaching the final square, jumping elements or going backwards, according to the rules indicated. The objective is that the user learns to be flexible according to the task imposed. Play different levels In the simpler levels the route will be simpler and there will be fewer indications, while in the more advanced levels the route is complicated and the indications...

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### Specific language impairment

- Published: 2021-06-02
- Modified: 2023-03-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/language/specific-language-impairment/
- Categories: Language
- Tags: Language, language development, language rehabilitation

Specific language impairment (SLI) is a serious and long-lasting developmental disorder that affects the acquisition and development of spoken language. It can affect either comprehension, expression, or both. It is classified as a “heterogeneous” disorder because no two SLI are alike. Symptoms vary greatly from one child to another and do not always manifest in the same form and with the same intensity. Specific language impairment may involve one or more components of language: phonetics and phonology, semantics, morphosyntax, and/or pragmatics. Specific difficulties by area Phonetics / Phonology In the phonetic / phonological area, children might have unintelligible speech, make phonological simplification errors, have dyslalia, and auditory discrimination problems. Semantics In the semantic area, children might have a reduced vocabulary and difficulties in lexical access and recalling words; for this reason, they usually use general purpose words and circumlocutions. Children with SLI present difficulties in expression and with understanding abstract words, that is, language that is not in context. They experience difficulties in learning new words as well. Morphosyntax The area of morphosyntax is the most seriously impaired. Children usually use simple sentences with few elements, generally poorly structured with agreement errors, badly conjugated verbs, omissions of prepositions, pronouns, etc. If the area of morphosyntax is not impaired, we cannot speak of SLI. Pragmatics The area of pragmatics is always impaired in individuals with SLI.  They have difficulties with establishing social relationships through play, understanding and respecting rules, etc. In addition, children experience difficulties in understanding emotional states and solving interpersonal problems. Children with SLI have difficulty making inferences, that is, understanding...

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### Dr Sheldon Herring – The Conscious Therapist: Mindfulness Applied

- Published: 2021-06-01
- Modified: 2023-09-20
- URL: https://neuronup.us/training/neuronup-academy/dr-sheldon-herring-the-conscious-therapist-mindfulness-applied/
- Categories: NeuronUP Academy
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Cognitive Impairment, NeuronUP Academy, Occupational Therapy, Scientific Dissemination, Stroke, Therapy, Training

Information on the free online presentation Title of the conference: "The Conscious Therapist: Mindfulness Applied” https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=7kUSoMMQZ5o https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=UfH4PVG9XqY https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WQ9bY9S5V8w This NeuronUP Academy presentation was the second of 2 presentations in conjunction with a course for the Academy of Certified Brain Injury Specialists (ACBIS) and Prisma Health “The Conscious Therapist: Mindfulness Applied” The Conscious Therapist model applies mindfulness and emotional intelligence for practitioners in the field of neurorehabilitation. It emphasizes the importance therapist’s personal mindfulness growth and offers a simple model for remaining cognitively and emotionally aware as we work with challenges inherent in neurorehab. This webinar will lay the foundation for its participants to begin a journey of significant personal and professional growth. Sheldon Herring Clinical Director of the Outpatient Traumatic Brain Injury and Young Stroke Programs of Roger C. Peace Rehab Hospital, part of Prisma Health, Greenville SC Dr. Herring specializes in the neuropsychological sequelae of traumatic brain injury, stroke and related neurological disorders and the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive impairment. Dr. Herring serves as the current chair of the Board of Governors for the Academy of Certified Brain Injury Specialists (ACBIS). He initiated the Brain Injury Leadership Academy to support the development of future leaders in the field. Dr. Herring is also the Chief of the Division of Behavioral, Social and Population Health Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville. What is NeuronUP Academy? The platform of neurorehabilitation, NeuronUP, launches NeuronUP Academy, a training academy geared towards professionals working in rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation. This initiative was born...

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### Multiple Sclerosis, employment and stigma: a break in everyday life

- Published: 2021-05-29
- Modified: 2021-05-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-employment-and-stigma-a-break-in-everyday-life/
- Categories: Multiple Sclerosis
- Tags: Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is one of the leading causes of non-traumatic disability in young adults. As such, it has diverse care needs. Within the daily life of the population with multiple sclerosis, employment plays a fundamental role, producing alterations in the health and quality of life of people with sclerosis who lose this productive activity. What is multiple sclerosis? According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body. Worldwide, it has been described that sclerosis shows a direct relationship between the prevalence and incidence of the disease and a specific geographical distribution proposed by Kurtzke in 19752, characterized by a latitudinal gradient, with prevalence increasing as it moves away from the equatorial line 3,4. Multiple sclerosis in data Regarding the extent or epidemiology of the disease, multiple sclerosis Spain (MS Spain) provides the following figures that come from the Spanish Neurological Society in 2019:: 2,500,000 people have MS worldwide. 700,000 people have MS in Europe. 55,000 people have a diagnosis of MS in Spain5. Therefore, the prevalence rate in Spain is considered to be medium-high, with the highest figures originating in areas with higher latitudes. Over the last few decades there has been a gradual increase in this prevalence, with the figure currently standing at between 80-180 cases per 100,000 inhabitants6. Everyday life in people with multiple sclerosis Given that MS currently has...

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### How does insomnia affect executive functions?

- Published: 2021-05-27
- Modified: 2023-03-07
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/how-does-insomnia-affect-executive-functions/
- Categories: Executive Functions
- Tags: Attention, Executive Functions, Insomnia

How does insomnia affect executive functions?  In today’s society, sleep problems are much more common than in previous decades. This is due, among other factors, to the sensory overstimulation which we are subjected to on a daily basis and to the stress of our accelerated pace of life. Difficulty falling asleep, insomnia and sleepwalking, among other sleep disorders, affect many more people than previously thought, and the repercussions to our cognitive functions are still being researched. Between 20% and 48% of the adult population suffers from difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. On this blog post, we will examine how insomnia affects our executive functions, especially attention, working memory, and decision making. What is insomnia? Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder among the Spanish population; insomnia is defined as the difficulty or inability to fall asleep or stay asleep for the period that a person needs to wake up feeling rested. Our body, to perform properly, needs about 8 hours of restorative sleep per day, although there are people who need less hours (about 6) and others who may need a little longer (about 10 hours). Normalcy would fall within these parameters. Problems arise when a person sleeps less than those 6 hours, within a reasonable period of time, or does not sleep without interruptions. What are executive functions? Executive functions are the skills and abilities that enable us to adapt effectively to the environment and survive. These include planning, working memory, reasoning, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and decision making. We can understand executive functions as a constellation of abilities that help us achieve our...

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### A new educational challenge: How does a child’s brain work?

- Published: 2021-05-26
- Modified: 2021-05-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuroscience/neuroeducation-educational-challenge/
- Categories: Neuroscience
- Tags: learning by doing, neurodidactics, neuroeducation

For decades, educators have been teaching and educating without knowing the neural connections formed in children at each developmental stage. During their academic and professional training, educators spend part of their time planning, programming, and trying to motivate students to develop their personal qualities, abilities and talents to the maximum. However, until recent years and thanks to pedagogical renewal movements, no one had given any thought to children, their brains, and the relevance of their brains in teaching and learning.

In this moment of reflection and change, Neuroeducation, a new and relatively unknown field to teachers, is gaining importance and providing educators with the necessary information about children’s brains and their functioning. What is neuroeducation? Neuroeducation or neurodidactics is a new vision of education based on teaching strategies and educational technologies that focus on brain functioning. This relatively new area combines neuroscience, psychology and education with the goal of optimizing the teaching and learning process. It is therefore essential to know and understand its function and contribution to the educational system (Mora, 2017). Salvador Martínez (2017), professor of human anatomy and embryology at Universidad Miguel Hernández and director at the Instituto de Neurociencia (Institute of Neuroscience) in Alicante (Spain), considers education as acting up on the brain; the brain is the receiver of education since everything we think, feel and perceive involves the brain. In every child, we find a brain with special characteristics and functions that will condition the learning process, since behavior is completely determined by the brain. Therefore, education begins to make sense when educators look at a child and not only see a heart and soul, but a brain maturing and changing. In this manner, educators are responsible for teaching and motivating children to develop all their abilities, transform their conduct and behavior, and acquire new learning, critical, since learning is responsible for creating new neural path ways and synaptic plasticity appears to be the basis for all learning processes. Therefore, neurons are responsible for forming new connections—numerous during childhood—when children have...

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### Chiari Malformation Type I: A Clinical Case

- Published: 2021-05-26
- Modified: 2021-05-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/chiari-malformation-type-i-a-clinical-case/
- Categories: Neuropsychology, Neuroscience
- Tags: cerebellar damage, Chiari malformation, clinical case

Before presenting the clinical case, I will give a brief explanation of Chiari malformation.

What is Chiari malformation? Chiari malformation is thought to be the result of incomplete development at the lower rear of the skull that occurs during the embryonic period, which may be accompanied by complications such as syringomyelia and hydrocephalus. The most serious form is characterized by the herniation of a structure in the lower part of the cerebellum (the cerebellar tonsils) and the brainstem through the foramen magnum, so that some of the brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, causing it tos well and become compressed. Chiari malformation type I There are five types of Chiari malformations, but type I is by far the most common type. Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) consists of caudal displacement by more than 4 mm of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum. CM-I is not usually accompanied by the descent of the brainstem or fourth ventricle, nor associated with the presence of hydrocephalus; it is, nevertheless, typically associated with syringomyelia. Syringomyelia is a condition characterized by the formation of a fluid-filled cavity or cyst (syrinx) within the spinal cord that can slowly expand, causing progressive damage to the spinal cord and intracranial hypertension due to a rise in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Figure 1. Sagittal T2-weighted MR imagesofa healthy subject (a) and Chiari typeI malformation patient(b) with arrow indicating the descentof the cerebellumthrough the foramen magnum. Symptoms of Chiari malformation Symptoms can be numerous and varied, and can include motor, emotional, cognitive, perceptual and sensory deficits and dysautonomia. So as not to go...

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### Borderline personality disorder: a personal story

- Published: 2021-05-26
- Modified: 2021-05-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-illness/borderline-personality-disorder-a-personal-story/
- Categories: Mental illness
- Tags: Borderline personality disorder, BPD, BPD treatments, causes of BPD, mental illness, symptoms of BPD

Hello, my name is Elena. I am 36 years-old and suffer from borderline personality disorder (BPD) and chronic anxiety and depression. I have no idea for how long I have had BPD, I can only say that I was officially diagnosed about three and a half years ago. As for the chronic anxiety and depression, I can say that I started having anxiety when I was 16 and that it didn’t take long for depression to arrive. In this blog, I will talk about my BPD in greater detail, but if anyone would like to know more about me, both personally or professionally, you are welcome to access my website. Here is the most relevant information about BPD, a disorder unfortunately very unfamiliar to the general public, but nonetheless quite serious: What is borderline personality disorder? Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. Most people with borderline personality disorder have: Problems regulating emotions and thoughtsImpulsive and reckless behaviorUnstable relationships with others People with this disorder also have a high rate of co-occurring disorders such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders, as well as self-mutilating and suicidal behaviors, or suicide. What are the symptoms of BPD? While I have mentioned what appear to be some of its symptoms, I should point out that there are a number of diagnostic criteria that have been formally described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a classification system...

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### Hemineglect: The Half of Everything

- Published: 2021-05-24
- Modified: 2023-02-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/hemineglect-the-half-of-everything/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: Attention, Attention problems, Hemineglect

How many times have you gone to the fridge or the closet looking for something specific, and even though you had what you were looking for right in front of you, you didn’t see it? If this ever happened to you, you were probably surprised to find it where you had not seen it before: “But it wasn’t there earlier... ”, you thought to yourself. A similar sensation is usually described by people who suffer from hemispatial neglect when, by changing position or perspective, they suddenly become aware of an object that, while remaining in the same place the whole time, had gone unnoticed . Hemispatial neglect is a disturbance of attention following brain injuryin which people fail to respond or orient to stimuli or objects in one half of space (usually the side opposite their lesion) while being able to attend to stimuli in the other half . Although unilateral spatial neglect or neglect syndrome can result from damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, it is more common and severe after right hemisphere damage; therefore it has been suggested that hemispatial neglect is best described as an indifference to the left side of the world . People with hemispatial neglect due to right hemisphere lesions do not look or turn their head towards the left side, nor do they attend to visual, auditory or tactile stimuli on their left and thus, it is common that they eat only the food on the right half of the plate, draw only the right half of the objects when...

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### Executive functions: Can they be improved?

- Published: 2021-05-24
- Modified: 2021-05-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/executive-functions-can-they-be-improved/
- Categories: Executive Functions
- Tags: Cognitive Flexibility, Decision Making, Executive Functions, Inhibition, Planning, Reasoning, Working Memory

Most recent studies in the field of neuropsychology and functional neuroimaging have highlighted the importance of executive functions (EF). Thanks to this post, you will learn more about the significance of executive functions in your daily life, and how to make the most of them. Exploit your brain! What are executive functions? Executive functions were first described and systematizedby neuropsychologist Muriel Lezak in 1983. As a result, research in the field of neuropsychology and functional neuroimaging has made a qualitative and quantitative leap, deepening knowledge of these functions, which are essential for everyday livingand ensure our survival and adaptation to the environment. Executive functions are complex cognitive processes necessary for planning, organizing, guiding, revising, regulating, and evaluating behavior necessary to adapt effectively to the environment and to achieve goals (Bauermeister, 2008). Executive functions are responsible for managing and planning our behavior. It is important to explain that these cognitive functions are not 100% innate but develop throughout the lifes pan by means of maturation. In fact, some of them are not fully developed until the age of 25 due to neuronal immaturity. We can understand executive functions as a constellation of abilities that help us achieve our goals and objectives. Which processes comprise executive functions? Although there is still debate as to what executive functions are due to the complexity of the construct and definition, there is consensus regarding the cognitive abilities involved in executive function: Planning: the ability that allows us to sequence the steps toward a goal. For example, if I need to...

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### The cognitive mechanisms of errorless learning

- Published: 2021-05-24
- Modified: 2021-05-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/the-cognitive-mechanisms-of-errorless-learning/
- Categories: Memory
- Tags: Errorful Learning, Errorless learning, Memory

Errorless learning (EL) is a commonly used technique in memory rehabilitation given the advantage it has for patients with amnesia over traditional learning, which allows them to make errors and takes advantage of the mistakes. However, there is evidence that EL outcomes may vary significantly across patients depending on various factors such as injury severity, the specific learning task or the neuropsychological profile of the patient . Is errorless learning then the best treatment option for memory deficits? What about for other deficits such as executive function impairment? In this post, I will review the cognitive mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the advantage of errorless learning over errorful learning (EF) in memory rehabilitation, because this update may be useful for determining when this type of technique might be beneficial in the cognitive neurorehabilitation of patients with impairments. What is errorless learning? Errorless learning refers to a training method that prevents a person from making mistakes while he/she is learning a new skill or acquiring new information. By contrast, in traditional learning, making mistakes is part of the learning process . In the clinical setting, this approach is applied as a principle to be followed in the rehabilitation of patients with severe memory impairments, given that they are deemed to be at particular risk for remembering mistakes as correct responses (and not learning from the mistakes they make). Although there are different procedures, the standard errorless learning method consists of presenting target information to the patient for study (e. g. ,pictures of objects that are faded out or just...

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### Benefits of leisure and tourism for people with disabilities

- Published: 2021-05-20
- Modified: 2021-12-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/benefits-of-leisure-and-tourism-for-people-with-disabilities/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: tourism for people with disabilities

We all love to travel: to discover new destinations, make new friends, etc. However, for people with disabilities, traveling is not only a pleasure but also has a therapeutic component.

Traveling has been proven to improve social skills, communication skills, and self-esteem. In addition, with ContigoMasViajes (an agency specializing in accessible travel for people with disabilities), travelers have the opportunity of participating in the entire planning and making-decision processes, therefore improving their self-management skills in daily life. Today, we are going to address some of the benefits of traveling and we will do so by focusing on people with disabilities or with any type of special needs. Benefits of traveling for people with disabilities 1. A first step for getting out of your comfort zone Traveling, especially over long distances, means preparing for new experiences: learning about different cultures and customs, being shocked by people wearing different clothes, etc. This requires a dose of empathy and patience since you must be ready to make yourself understood in everyday situations by changing your perspective. What for you is a gesture that indicates a terrible lack of manners, somewhere else in the world might bea sign of respect and admiration for the stranger showing up in a different community and willing to share new life experiences. This naturally leads to open-mindedness, making yourself aware of how small your immediate surroundings are. However, new experiences (always) entail anticipatory fear of the unknown, an instinctive and primitive sense of danger that threatens our emotional stability. At the same time, you are attracted to these experiences much like the boy who feels the need to cause mischief even when knowing he is running the risk of being...

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### NeuronUP: telerehabilitation platform for professionals

- Published: 2021-05-20
- Modified: 2023-01-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/neuronup-telerehabilitation-platform-for-professionals/
- Categories: Announcements
- Tags: e-therapy, remote therapy, telehealth, telemedicine, Telerehabilitation, teletherapy

Telerehabilitation, teletherapy, e-therapy, telemedicine, telehealth, remote therapy are a few of the terms being tossed around in these unprecedented times. They all fall under the same category of ways that allow professionals to perform healthcare services like cognitive rehabilitation remotely through ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and the Internet. It is characterized by the fact that the professional and the person to be rehabilitated are not in the same place. The advantages of telerehabilitation seem very clear: Continuing rehabilitation from the comfort of the patient’s own home at any time of the day Keeping up with therapy at a distance when the patient or professional is sick, working out of town or on vacation. Avoiding travel, being very important for people with mobility problems. Reinforcing the activities worked on in the clinic or facility Expanding the the clinic’s reach by managing the rehabilitation of patients located in different parts of the world. Telerehabilitation/teletherapy/telemedicine in times of coronavirus: essential Traditionally neuro teletherapy is a face to face activity or at most an extra service provided by the more technological savvy neuropsychologists, psychologists, occupational therapists and speech language therapists, but now with the health emergency caused by Covid-19, it has become the only option for cognitive rehabilitation interventions. The NeuronUP cognitive rehabilitation platform has been offering telerehabilitation for neurorehabilitation professionals for several years. How to work cognitive telerehabilitation with NeuronUP? We give you two different ways to work: live telerehabilitation with your patient or  “pre-recorded” telerehabilitation sessions assigned for the patient to do at home on their own... .

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### 5 free printable memory exercises you can't miss from NeuronUP

- Published: 2021-05-17
- Modified: 2021-05-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/5-free-printable-memory-exercises-you-cant-miss-from-neuronup/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Activities for improving memory, Free worksheets, Memory

When I was little, my classmates and I activitely participated in the Book It! program (the promise of free personal sized pizzas helped! ) and the teacher made us give a little synopsis of the book after finishing. There is no doubt that it is a very practical exercise and it helped me to strengthen my memory. But it is by far not the only one. For this reason today from NeuronUP we present you a series of memory exercises you can print from the NeuronUP platform. These activities are very useful for professionals to work on memory with children as well as with adults and elderly people. NeuronUP has thousands of worksheets from basic difficulty to advanced difficulty. Apart from the static worksheets on the NeuronUP platform, we have customizable worksheets too, allowing you to create content specific and appropriate to the client/patient you're working with. We call these customizable worksheets: generators. Learn more and see examples below. Read on for examples of these NeuronUP activities and print free memory worksheet samples below Printable memory activities: generators Generators ecological activities allowing for unlimited iterations of the same activity. With these exercises the patient learns what to do in each activity (the process), but can never memorize the answer, as the next sheet is always different. They are personalizable too! Allowing the professional to customize each generator to the needs and circumstances of each patient. In the following video we can see how to customize NeuronUP's printable generators: https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=I0XRZiwdyds 5 printable memory activities...

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### Aura Fundació discusses the importance of cognitive stimulation for people with intellectual disability

- Published: 2021-05-17
- Modified: 2022-12-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/aura-fundacio-discusses-the-importance-of-cognitive-stimulation-for-people-with-intellectual-disability/
- Categories: Intellectual disability
- Tags: Intellectual Disability, NeuronUP client

Have you heard of Aura Fundació? Do you know what its mission is? The head of the neuropsychology program at Aura Fundació, Roser Fernández, tells us about the work of this social entity and discusses the importance of cognitive stimulation for people with intellectual disability. Cognitive stimulation for people with intellectual disability Throughout its 29-year history, Aura Fundació, by assisting people with intellectual disabilities enter the job market, has had the opportunity to learn about their needs and has sought to find appropriate answers for each moment of their lives. One of the aspects we have always been focused on is cognitive stimulation, with the aim of maintaining and/or improving participants’ abilities. Over the years, we have created our own cognitive training program based on an enormous amount of published material and have adjusted it to the different needs we have observed. Multicenter study of longitudinal monitoring of the aging process in people with Down syndrome Likewise, for some years now, we have been collaborating with the Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences at the Blanquerna-Universidad Ramon Llull,(Barcelona, Spain) in a multicenter study of longitudinal monitoring of the ageing process in people with Down syndrome, in order to prevent, detect and diagnose cognitive decline, as well as to provide an intervention tailored to the needs of each person. The first descriptive results have now been obtained from a sample of 200 people and will soon be published. These results allow a comparison of the cognitive development across three well differentiated...

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### New Technologies for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Increasing Opportunities for a Better Life

- Published: 2021-05-17
- Modified: 2021-05-17
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/intellectual-disability/new-technologies-for-people-with-intellectual-disabilities-increasing-opportunities-for-a-better-life/
- Categories: Intellectual disability
- Tags: Intellectual Disability, NeuronUP client

New technologies for people with intellectual disabilities by el Centro San Rafael de la Fundación San Francisco de Borja 1. San Francisco de Borja Foundation:   The Foundation of the Valencian Community San Francisco de Borja for People with Intellectual Disabilities is a private charitable, social assistance foundation, which is constituted of non-profit motive and with indefinite character. Purpose The purpose of the San Francisco de Borja Foundation is to care for people who are affected by an intellectual disability and who, either because of their social-family situation or their specific personal characteristics, require specialized attention. The Foundation will provide people who find themselves in the situation described above, especially those who have extensive and/or generalized support needs, with the necessary support for the maximum possible development of their adaptive skills, seeking an improvement in their quality of life, through flexible care models that seek maximum normalization and social and family integration. Mission Statement The San Francisco de Borja Foundation maintains a permanent commitment to the defense of the dignity and full rights of persons with intellectual disabilities. Its mission is to generate opportunities and provide personalized support both in its services and programs and in the community, so that each person can develop their personal project and achieve a full and happy life. San Rafael Center The San Rafael Centre currently accommodates 60 people on a residential basis and 40 on a Day Care basis. It also has a housing service that caters for 14 people, 7 in the Vivienda Maldonado and 7 in the Vivienda Gómez-Trénor. To this...

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### 10 Exercises for Improving Language

- Published: 2021-05-17
- Modified: 2022-12-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/exercises-for-improving-language/
- Categories: Activities for Language
- Tags: activities for improving language, digital exercises to improve language, exercises to improve language, language development, printable activities to improve language, printable language exercises

Language is one of the main cognitive functions that allows us to produce, communicate, and understand ideas through sounds, symbols and/or gestures. In other owrds, language is ‘the result of a complex nervous activity that allows individuals to communicate mental states by the production of multi-modal signs that symbolise these states in accordance with a linguistic community´s own convention’ <small>(Lecours et al., 1979)</small>.

Thus, language disorders appear when language development does not follow typical expected patterns or significant deficits occur in some of its aspects. A total or partial loss of language function is usually called aphasia. We have already discussed aphasias in an earlier post. See here. Can you imagine not being able to express your thoughts, understand anything of what others say, or not being able to read a sign because you are mixing the letters? Language problems result in limitations in the daily life of individuals with these disorders. At NeuronUP, we have several exercises for improving language. 10 Exercises for improving language 1. Hangman ‘Hangman’ is an entertaining game to work on vocabulary that consists of guessing an unknown word, one letter at a time. This activity targets vocabulary and working memory. 2. Object Naming with Phonological Cues An ideal task for treating naming deficits is to name objects with the help of phonological cues. Below you can find an example of the exercise at the advanced level: 3. True or False (auditory) This exercise for improving language consists of determining whether a series of sentences are either true or false in relation to the situation shown on the screen. At NeuronUP, there are two versions of this task: one, in which sentences are presented auditorily; and another one, in which they are presented in writing, since not all patients have the same type of deficit. In the following example, clients must listen to sentences presented in auditory form...

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### Intervention on a basic activity of daily living (dressing) with NeuronUP

- Published: 2021-05-12
- Modified: 2021-05-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-daily-living-adls/intervention-on-a-basic-activity-of-daily-living-dressing-with-neuronup/
- Categories: Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
- Tags: ADL&#039;s, ADLs, BADLs, PADLs

According to the framework developed by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), activities of daily living (ADLs) are activities oriented toward taking care of one’s own body. ADLs also are referred to as basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and personal activities of daily living (PADLs) (1). For certain groups of people, for example, those affected by Alzheimer‘s disease, the activity “Get dressed” is essential for improving their functional capacity and performance. Among other features, the program allows the client to follow a sequence: putting on the clothes sequentially, selecting clothing according to weather conditions, and selecting clothing appropriate to the occasion. “Get dressed”: Upgrades In this activity, there are two simulators: on the one hand, a male doll figure; on the other, a female doll figure. In the old version, the doll figure was randomized but now there are two different ones. As a result, the task can be better tailored to the needs of each individual and make the activity more realistic. As in its first version, this activity includes different levels of difficulty (easy, medium, and difficult) and you can also create a personalized session where you can adjust general features such as the number of slides, the time limit, the instructions, whether or not you want the timer displayed, etc. In addition, various parameters (Figure 1) can be adjusted by selecting the number of clothing items, the scenario, the maximum number of errors, the sequential presentation of clothing, whether you want to use some type of distractor, etc. Finally, under adaptability, you can...

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### Social Cognition or Understanding Others: Social Cognition Activities

- Published: 2021-05-12
- Modified: 2022-11-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-or-understanding-others-social-cognition-activities/
- Categories: Activities for Social Cognition
- Tags: Reasoning, Social Cognition, Social Cognition Activities, Vocabulary

Thanks to which cognitive function are we capable of interpreting other people’s emotions? Can you identify the function responsible for understanding what others might think in certain situations? Or do you know why we behave in a socially appropriate manner in certain circumstances? We can do all this thanks to social cognition.  Today, we introduce different activities for improving social cognition. Social cognition: Definition Social cognition is a set of cognitive and emotional processes through which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world. It refers to how we think about ourselves, about other individuals and their behavior, about social relationships, and how we make sense of all that information and behave accordingly Social cognition and emotions Thanks to this cognitive fu we are capable of interpreting our own emotions and other people’s emotions. In short, social cognition helps us understand other people, that is, it involves placing ourselves in their shoes and take their viewpoints into account. Can social cognition be improved? Yes. Social cognition, as all cognitive functions, can be trained through cognitive stimulation. Social cognition activities Emotion Recognition This social cognition activity involves recognizing emotion from the depicted facial expressions and matching them to their definition.  In this example, clients must choose what specific emotion is the woman feeling. This cognitive stimulation activity enhances social cognition and reasoning. 2. Inferring Facial Expressions In this second activity, clients must choose, among several options, the expression that best matches the hidden face shown in the picture. What is the boy’s facial expression in...

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### Embodied memory: The influence of body posture on autobiographical memory

- Published: 2021-05-12
- Modified: 2022-11-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/embodied-cognition/
- Categories: Memory
- Tags: autobiographical memory, Embodied memory

Embodied cognition is a concept involving the claim that <em>states of the body modify states of the mind</em> <small></small>. It has been observed that body posture can affect, at least briefly, our subjective feelings of power, our physiology with regards to hormone levels, and also our behavior <small></small>.

This finding supports the embodied cognition hypothesis by showing the short-term effects of postural change. But what about long-term effects? Could body posture influence a cognitive system such as autobiographical memory? Can body posture influence autobiographical memory? Researcher Katinka Dijkstra and her research group at Florida State University wanted to test if autobiographical memory could be, to some extent, embodied or influenced by body posture . To this end, Dr. Dijkstra and her colleagues carried out a study in which participants were asked to retrieve memories from specific past experiences while adopting certain body positions. When deciding which memories from events in the past participants were to retrieve, researchers chose six everyday situations that are often associated with typical body postures and that were likely to have been experienced by all participants. Thus, participants were asked to remember a time they... ... went to the dentist office, ... played sports, ... opened the door for a visitor, ... were at a concert and clapped their hands, ... waved at someone, ... placed their hand on their heart. In this way, participants were placed in a certain body position and, while maintaining this position, were asked to retrieve a memory either congruent or incongruent with the posture in which they were placed (for example, in a congruent body position, researchers told participants to lie down in a recliner for the dentist memory; on the contrary, in an incongruent body position, participants were told to stand up with the hands on the hips for the dentist...

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### Fun game to work on selective attention with children

- Published: 2021-05-09
- Modified: 2021-05-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/fun-game-work-selective-attention-children/
- Categories: Activities for Attention, Activities for kids
- Tags: activities to work selective attention with children, printable activities, printable activities for children, printable activities to improve attention, printable activity for kids, printable neurorehabilitation activities, selective attention

This week we’re not just releasing one new activity, but two! Both for the kiddos! Search and you will find! and Make up a story with images.

Read on to learn how to make the most out of the new activities:

1. Search and you will find! , a fun game to work on selective attention The children have to look for a series of specific elements among a set. But be careful, it is more complex than it seems because the objects are piled up on top of one another. In the following example of a medium level, the child will have to look for the animals that are indicated above and take them to the farm: What cognitive functions does this activity work? This activity works selective attention. Personalize this game As a professional, you will be able to customize the game according to the age and personal abilities of each of your patients. In this sense, you will be able to choose: The number of elements The number of items to search for Maximum errors In addition, you can also customize: the number of exercises (total, passed, acceptable and failed), the maximum time, an inactivity warning and whether or not to show a timer. Likewise, as in all NeuronUP games, Search and and you will Find! is organized by phases and the children will go up or down in level according to their successes or errors. Adaptability You can also choose adaptability. That is, if you want the child to work on this activity through dragging or clicking. 2. Make up a Story with Images, the printable activity to work on reasoning with children Another new activity this week is the printable activity for kids called Make up a...

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### Decision Making from a Psychological Perspective

- Published: 2021-05-09
- Modified: 2021-05-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/decision-making-from-a-psychological-perspective/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Decision Making, Reasoning

The importance of decision making lies in the fact that it is one of the most complex cognitive processes dealt with by human beings. From the moment we get up, until we go to bed, we make countless choices and decisions, both consciously and unconsciously. The problem is that every decision involves one or more losses, thereforehandling decisionsmore efficientlyis vital for our adaptation to different situations and the achievement of our objectives. To make decisions, it is indispensable to use our reasoning and comprehension skills. Analytical skills are also essential when choosing the best option. Types of decision making There are many factors, some of which are imperceptible to us, that influence our decision making. Theory suggests rational decision-making, but it is not always easy to set emotions aside. Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel Prize winning psychologist, states that there are two distinct modes of decision making: System 1 or implicit: Decision-making based on emotions It is not so easy to rationalize and weigh all the decisions in our lives. In fact, most of the time, we face dilemmas that have a strong emotional charge, thus complicating the decision-making process and leading to stress or decision procrastination. This system is basically emotional and unconscious. System 2 or explicit: Decision-making based on reasoning System 2 involves analytical thought, that is, weighing up the pros and cons of a decision in a selective and efficient way. This system isrational and analytic. The affect heuristic in decision-making As we all know, human beings are not machines. Nevertheless, we use...

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### Emotional Intelligence Activities

- Published: 2021-05-09
- Modified: 2021-05-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/emotional-intelligence-activities/
- Categories: Activities for Social Cognition
- Tags: Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence, develop emotional intelligence, Emotional intelligence, Emotional intelligence Activities, emotional learning, examples of emotional intelligence, Social Cognition Activities

Emotional intelligence is a basic concept in psychology that is gaining in importance. It is considered crucial in predicting our health and happiness since it is closely linked to handling various life situations intelligently. In addition, it is essential to train emotional intelligence for stress, anxiety and other mental disorders.

Emotions have a major influence on the decisions we make in life, even those made about seemingly rational issues. In fact, research suggests that 95% of all our decisions are influenced by our emotions (Arrabal Martín, 2018). Although these decisions may not seem to be very wise at first glance, research shows that people with high emotional intelligence can make better decisions than those with high IQs. Studies point to many successful individuals whose emotional intelligence is far superior than their cognitive intelligence. In short, learning how to increase your emotional intelligence is essential for leading a fulfilling and healthy life, and building good relationships with those around you. Initial conception of emotional intelligence The concept of emotional intelligence is relatively new, first appearing in Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. This author was the first to reformulate the concept of intelligence, breaking with previously established conceptions. Thus, Gardner originally proposed that individuals possessed seven intelligences quite independent of each other. Among these, he described intrapersonal intelligence and interpersonal intelligence, aspects that had not previously been taken into consideration when defining intelligence. However, emotional intelligence as such was formally defined by Salovey and Mayer in 1990 based on Gardner’s proposal. Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence However, it was Daniel Goleman who popularized the concept thanks to his work Emotional Intelligence, one of today’s best-selling books. Goleman is considered the most prominent psychologist in the revolutionary idea of emotional intelligence. His ideas generate a growing interest among different fields as he states that...

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### Activities to improve executive functions

- Published: 2021-05-03
- Modified: 2021-05-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/activities-to-improve-executive-functions/
- Categories: Activities for Executive Function
- Tags: Cognitive Rehabilitation Activities, Executive Functions, working memory training

As we promised, today we are sharing some activities to improve executive functions.

1. Bottle Caps In this exercise, clients have to arrange the moving bottle caps in ascending order. By practicing this activity, they train three executive functions in particular: working memory, inhibition, and hemineglect. Sustained attention is also trained. This cognitive rehabilitation activity to improve executive functions is also available for children under the name "The Little Glutton", a game in which children have to eat all the cookies, though of course, in strict numerical sequence. 2. Word Association This worksheet trains reasoning skills. Clients have to be able to match words that are associated to each other. Like other worksheets at NeuronUP, “Word Association” includes several levels of difficulty ranging from basic to advanced. Intermediate Level Listed below is an intermediate level worksheet. We have connected several concepts: Profession-trade-employment Trimester-semester-millennium Herbivore-omnivore-carnivore Can your clients match all the missing concepts? 3. Mixed Images In this activity specifically designed for children, kids must move the squares in an orderly manner until creating the desired image. This is a task to train planning, as well as other cognitive functions such as visuospatial skills and spatial relations. Can the kids put it together correctly? Yes? Are you sure? We will provide the solution tomorrow on our social networks. 4. Hit the target Here is a worksheet to train cognitive flexibility, working memory, and reasoning. This activity involves coming up with moves to reach the given score. Keep in mind that all the moves must be different. This activity includes several levels of difficulty ranging...

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### Neurodevelopmental disorders and their impact on cognitive functions

- Published: 2021-05-03
- Modified: 2021-05-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/neurodevelopmental-disorders-and-their-impact-on-cognitive-functions/
- Categories: Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

In recent years, the interest in knowing how the brain works, both in normal and pathological conditions, has increased and has awakened the need to work in an integrated manner at different levels in order to help people who present a certain condition. Neurodevelopmental disorders are within this focus of interest and hence the need to know what are the consequences they have and the impact they generate in the different areas of action of the person, emphasizing especially in the cognitive area. For this, it is necessary to know what neurodevelopment implies, how cognitive functions are organized throughout development and in what way the latter can be affected when an alteration occurs. What is neurodevelopment? The development of the nervous system, also called neurodevelopment, is a complex process that begins in the embryonic stage, continues in the fetal period and continues throughout life (Enseñat, Roig & Molina, 2015), being marked by a series of changes and having several stages (neural tube formation, proliferation, migration, organization and myelination), each of them manifested by a particular aspect that together will allow the consolidation of structures, acquisition of skills in different areas and the organization of the person (Medina et al. , 2015). According to Pérez and Capilla (2011), such development is governed by principles: (a) Discontinuity, which tells us that there are changes at different stages and will be appreciated in a qualitatively different way in individuals, although this may be influenced by the context. b) Gene-environment interaction, which indicates that human...

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### Working memory and short-term memory: distinction and revision

- Published: 2021-05-03
- Modified: 2022-09-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/working-memory-and-short-term-memory-distinction-and-revision/
- Categories: Memory
- Tags: Memory, short-term memory, Working Memory

One distinction we usually make when talking about different human memory systems is between working memory and short-term memory. In the existing literature, some authors consider short-term memory to be a subset of working memory, whereas others argue for the inverse relationship, and finallythere are those who use both terms interchangeablybecause they see both as the same memory system. Thus, there is no consensus in this ongoing theoretical debate . In the clinical setting, however, we do make an explicit distinction between short-term memory spantests(or simple span tasks–for example,WAIS-IV “Digit Span Forward”) and working memory span tests (or complex span tasks–for example,WAIS-IV “Digit Span Backward” and “Digit Span Sequencing”). So, what do we mean by short-term memory and working memory? What are the differences between the two? Defining different types of memory: working memory and short-term memory While the concept of short-term memory primarily refers to the capacity to hold information in mind in an active state for a brief period of time (30-40 seconds), the concept of working memory or operative memory, by contrast, emphasizes the role of memory as a control system for information processing , and is defined as a memory system for the temporary storage and manipulation of information, that underlies more complex cognitive processes such as language comprehension, reading, and reasoning Therefore, while both types of memory are characterized by temporary storage and activation of information in consciousness, working memory adds a manipulation component, that is, it transforms the information; working memory builds relationships between different data that it manages, and integrates these data with information stored in long-term...

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### The role of the occupational therapist in cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation

- Published: 2021-05-01
- Modified: 2021-12-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/occupational-therapist-in-cognitive-stimulation-and-rehabilitation/
- Categories: Occupational therapy
- Tags: Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy Activities, OT activities

An occupational therapist, better known as an OT, is a professional who studied in the university in order to get a degree that certified them as a qualified person to perform these activities.

Usually can get a bachelor degree in occupational therapy in a university or can study a post grad course that is approved by the HCPC in the UK, which is the Health and Care Professions Council. Also a person can be an occupational therapist by working as a support staff of another OT on the job. The occupational therapist is considered an allied in the health field, even though is not a doctor they can be very helpful and useful for any type of patient who requires assistance for improving their motor skills that were damaged by some disease or accident. These motor skills that everyone performs as a daily basis can be a real struggle to the people who are no longer capable to do them anymore so easily. When somebody has to live with an illness, injury or disability can be very depressing to not being able to perform daily tasks, especially if before the sickness episode they were capable to do them. This is the moment when the occupational therapist can be very useful for them, because the goal of the therapy is to promote health and well being to the person affected. What does an occupational therapist do? An OT is a health professional who is focused and centered in their client’s needs, with the aim of promoting their participation in the activities of daily life. The occupational therapy is designed to help people of all ages, from babies to elders, to acquire or regain the...

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### Activities for children with intellectual disabilities

- Published: 2021-04-29
- Modified: 2024-07-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-intellectual-disabilities/activities-children-intellectual-disabilities/
- Categories: Activities for Intellectual Disabilities
- Tags: Activities for children, activities for improving cognitive functions, Activities for intellectual disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a <a href="https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodevelopmental-disorders/">neurodevelopmental disorder</a> characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which manifest themselves during the developmental period.

Causes of intellectual disability ID can have multiple causes: Metabolic; Infectious; Chromosomal; Environmental; Nutritional; Toxic: Intrauterine exposure to alcohol, cocaine or other drugs. And various other causes It can also originate at different times: Before the baby is born; During birth; Because of a serious illness in childhood. Symptoms of intellectual disability Social and practical skills are affected, i. e. the daily living skills needed to live, work and play in the community: communication, social and interpersonal skills, self-care, domestic life, self-control, basic academic skills (basic reading, writing and mathematics), work, leisure, health and safety. Adaptive skills are considered to be limited if there is a deficit in at least two of these areas compared to children of the same age and culture. + Information Cognitive stimulation in people with intellectual disabilities Cognitive stimulation is recommended for all persons with intellectual disabilities in order to enhance their existing abilities, try to develop to the maximum those that they have and give them strategies to replace those they cannot develop. In this way, the aim is for them to have a life that is as functional and autonomous as possible. The cognitive stimulation program of NeuronUP allows neuropsychologists, occupational therapists and speech therapists to adapt each activity to the particularities and needs of children with intellectual disabilities. The examples of activities for children with intellectual disabilities described here have been developed by NeuronUP under the principles of generalization. Activities for children with intellectual disabilities 1. Find the Different Picture How is it...

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### Memory games for seniors: Worksheets for improving memory

- Published: 2021-04-29
- Modified: 2021-04-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/memory-games-for-seniors-worksheets-for-improving-memory/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Activities for improving memory, Memory, seniors

5 Memory games for seniors 1. Greater than and less than “Greater than and less than” is the first game for improving memory in seniors. This activity involves writing the smaller and larger numbers immediately preceding and succeeding the reference number; this brain game is ideal for training semantic memory in older adults. As in the other memory exercises for seniors developed by NeuronUP, neurorehabilitation professionals can select the level of difficulty that is most appropriate for the client’s capabilities. Listed below are a couple of worksheets (basic and advanced levels) belonging to this game for improving memory in older adults. Basic Level Advanced Level As you can see, in the basic level it is much easier to know immediately which numbers are larger and which are smaller numbers, while in the advanced level, older adults will have more difficulty to identify those numbers. 2. Memorize the Order We now introduce the second memory exercise for older adults. “Memorize th eorder” involves arranging a series of previously memorized visual items. How is it played, how do you play it? First, clients must observe the following images and memorize their order: Next ,clients must remember the images and place them in the boxes in the same manner. This memory game for seniors targets episodic memory. Are your clients capable of finishing the sequence. Can your clients finish the sequence? If you are a neurorehabilitation professional and would like to try this or other memory exercises with your senior clients, just request a free trial by clicking...

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### Cognitive stimulation worksheets to improve gnosis

- Published: 2021-04-29
- Modified: 2021-04-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-gnosis/cognitive-stimulation-worksheets-to-improve-gnosis/
- Categories: Activities of Gnosis
- Tags: Body Schema, Gnosis, Visual Gnosis

Gnosis is the ability of the brain to recognize previously learned information such as objects, persons, or places collected from our senses. Thanks to this ability, we can recognize the voice of a relative, identify an object by touch or recognize a flavor by taste. Can you imagine seeing the face of a close relative and not being able to recognize it? Or what it would be like to touch a common object like a cup and being unable to identify it with closed eyes? These cognitive stimulation worksheets to train gnosis developed by NeuronUP are aimed at treating gnostic difficulties. Cognitive stimulation worksheets to improve gnosis:   Incomplete Images Even when we cannot always see a whole object, we are nevertheless able to recognize it by seeing one of its significant parts. If a patient has difficulties in achieving this, the next cognitive stimulation worksheet to train visual gnosis will be useful. Color Match In this cognitive stimulation worksheet to improve gnosis, patients must identify the matching color from among the displayed colors. This is a paper-based activity developed by NeuronUP that therapists can carry out in groups by following these steps: First, pull up the activity on a large screen. Next, have patients sit down while avoiding distracting environmental stimuli while facing the screen. By going through letter by letter, you can have patients vote on which they think is the proper color. The example below is a medium difficulty. As the activities get more difficult, there will be more options to choose from and the color shades...

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### 6 Cognitive Stimulation Activities for People with Alzheimer’s Disease

- Published: 2021-04-26
- Modified: 2022-09-20
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-alzheimers/6-cognitive-stimulation-activities-for-people-with-alzheimers-disease/
- Categories: Activities for Alzheimer's
- Tags: Activities for Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Dementia, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Alzheimer's disease involves the development of multiple cognitive deficits, including memory impairment and impairment of functions such as language, praxias, gnosias or executive functions. The progressive loss of these cognitive abilities makes it important to focus on these areas to achieve a delay in the progression of dementia. Some of the most common symptoms are memory loss, confusion, inattention or mood changes. These indicators help in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease, which is vital to slow down its effects as much as possible with cognitive stimulation. Adequate intervention in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease by a neurorehabilitation professional stimulates the creation of new neuronal connections. NeuronUP's cognitive stimulation program allows neuropsychologists and occupational therapists to adapt each activity to the particularities and needs of each patient, delaying the neurodegenerative effects of the disease. The examples of cognitive stimulation exercises for people with Alzheimer's disease described here have been developed by NeuronUP and have been designed to train cognitive skills involved in the main functions of daily life, and are available to all professionals working with the neurorehabilitation field. Cognitive stimulation activities to work with Alzheimer's Continue reading for some examples of NeuronUP activities to help stimulate those affected with Alzheimer's disease. 1. Household Objects This activity makes the therapist’s work easier because it seems familiar to the patient. The person is presented with different images of objects that must be placed in the rooms of the house where they belong. Apart from working on maintaining this basic activity...

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### The Sexual Brain: Neuroscience and sex-related differences

- Published: 2021-04-23
- Modified: 2021-04-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/brain/sexual-brain/
- Categories: Brain, Neuroscience
- Tags: brain sexuality, brain structure, Neuroscience, Sex chromosomes, Sex hormones, sex-related differences

The origin of brain sexuality It is common knowledge that there are anthropomorphic differences between women and men depending on sex. Not only are there biological differences between males and females, but recent neuroscience research has also revealed differences between male and female brain structure. Genetically we are different; females have an XX pair of sex chromosome and males an XY pair, but this has not always been the case. From conception until approximately 8 weeks, circuits start off as female, both in male and female embryos. Only around the eighth week of gestation, dotestes in the male embryo begin to produce and release testosterone, turning female-type brain circuits into male-type brain circuits. During the first 6 months after birth, there is a marked elevation in testosterone secretion in males. By contrast, girls’ ovaries secrete substantial levels of estrogen during the first two years after birth. Because of these differences, some brain functions are substantially different from childhood. Key biological factors in sex determination Sex hormones Steroid hormones affect gene expression and other cell processes. Thus, they are crucial to the epigenetic effect on the developing brain. Furthermore, such early interaction with sex steroid hormones during the embryonic period has a vital influence on the expression of subsequent sexual differences in the nervous system. Sex chromosomes Sex chromosomes are another key biological factor in sex determination. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome. However, both the X and Y chromosomes contain about 6,500...

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### On-off phenomena? Wearing-off? Why are they important in Parkinson's disease?

- Published: 2021-04-22
- Modified: 2021-04-23
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/parkinsons/on-off-phenomena-wearing-off-why-are-they-important-in-parkinsons-disease/
- Categories: Neuropsychology, Neuroscience, Parkinson’s
- Tags: Neuropsychology, Neuroscience, Parkinson&#039;s Disease

Parkinson's disease destroys the neuronal nuclei and circuits that are responsible for distributing and generating dopamine. The most important of these nuclei -but not the only one- is the substantia nigra: it is the first to suffer neurodegeneration as a consequence of several factors that have not yet been explained. Among others, viral, toxic (MPTP), mitochondrial or genetic factors have been proposed. To this must be added the involvement of noradrenergic neuronal circuits, which are responsible for the "maintenance" functions of the rest of the body (cardiovascular system, respiratory system, wakefulness and sleep, etc. ) and whose main transmitter is norepinephrine. In addition, acetylcholine and the cholinergic system are also affected, producing effects such as tremors and postural rigidity. Symptoms of the disease One of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are dystonias, sustained muscle contractions that cause forced and painful positions for patients. These dystonias are associated with fluctuating dopamine levels as a consequence of the destruction of the substantia nigra. The duration of these dystonias can last between thirty minutes and five hours and are highly disabling, considerably reducing patients' quality of life and increasing pain. Patients may reach "freezing" of movement in moderate and advanced stages of the disease. Pharmacological drugs such as levodopa are administered to treat this symptom (and others). The treatment is complex because levodopa is not dopamine itself, but a precursor, since dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier of the nervous system formed by the meninges - in a graphic way, it could be said...

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### The Pygmalion Effect and the Power of Expectations

- Published: 2021-04-21
- Modified: 2021-04-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuropsychology/the-pygmalion-effect-and-the-power-of-expectations/
- Categories: Neuropsychology
- Tags: Neuropsychology, Social Cognition, Social Skills, The Pygmalion effect

What is the Pygmalion effect? The Pygmalion effect refers to the more or less conscious interpretation and belief of how reality should be. We, therefore, adapt our behavior, thoughts and attitudes to meet expectations. The Pygmalion effect can also be understood as aself-fulfilling prophecy, in which belief in something (whether that be positive or negative) that is going to happen in our lives, will happen since we unconsciously head towards that expectation, whether we like it or not. Correspondingly, the expectations we have on others can also make that expectation a reality. In effect, imagining an event will encourage it to happen. Álex Rovira How does the Pygmalion effect work? These days, we can use the Pygmalion effect in a positive way (negatively too, beware! ) in many areas. After all, the Pygmalion effect applies to any setting where thoughts, beliefs and words are present: in the workplace, the classroom, parental education, social relations and even with oneself by directly influencing self-esteem. The Pygmalion effect was empirically tested by researchers Rosenthal and Jacobson in 1964. The Pygmalion in the classroom study was an experiment carried out in a school. Elementary school children, chosen at random, were given a disguised, non existent test—the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition—, which was supposed to measure academic “blooming”or “spurting”, when in fact the test measured only some non verbal skills. Teachers were told that students scoring high on the test would bloom academically during the upcoming academic year. After 8 months, indeed, those pupils labeled as “late bloomers”...

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### Memory and its systems: a non-unitary concept

- Published: 2021-04-21
- Modified: 2021-04-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/memory-and-its-systems-a-non-unitary-concept/
- Categories: Memory
- Tags: declarative memory, explicit memory, implicit memory, long-term memory, Memory, memory formation, Non-declarative memory, sensory memory, short-term memory, Working Memory

Human adaptation to environmental demands is based on memory, one basic cognitive ability. In fact, this cognitive process is studied across different fields of knowledge, not only psychology. Since the unitary concept of memory—which defined memory as a unitary, indivisible system—was abandoned, research studies, undertaken in different disciplines and methodologies, are increasingly exploring different <strong>mnemonic systems</strong>. These have been collected and classified, both in classical and current approaches, according to two main factors: <strong>memory duration</strong>, on the one hand; and the type of <strong>information stored</strong>, on the other.

According to its duration, memory formation is thought to follow a progression from a short-term unstable state, occurring immediately after learning, to a more stable and lasting state, which occurs with time after acquisition of new information. A continuum is formed between these two extremes, comprising different types of memory such as sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory and long-term memory. These memory stores are included within the “multi-store or multi-system” model of memory and differ from each other in terms of capacity limit and the length of time that information remains available to us. Additionally, these types of memory are considered continuous processes that encompass distinct stages. Distinct stages Acquisition: learning. Consolidation: memory. Retrieval. Reconsolidation: the most recent process. Several neurobiological studies support its independence. The distinction regarding the material included in the memory system has generally been based on the study of patients with specific brain lesions. In particular, patients with lesions in specific brain regions were found to have specific memory deficits. For example, patient J. P. had difficulty improving performance on tasks involving repetition and display of previously acquired skills, while other skills remained intact; in addition, J. P. was able to consciously recall past events. This memory specificity gave rise to another classification of memory based on the content of information which led to the division of long-term memory into two types: declarative or explicit memory and non-declarative or implicit memory. Long-term memory Declarative or explicit memory Declarative memory is responsible for codifying the information regarding biographical events and the knowledge of specific events. In this...

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### Visual Agnosia: Seeing Without Recognition

- Published: 2021-04-19
- Modified: 2022-07-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/visual-agnosia/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: activities for brain damage, Visual Agnosia activities

Have you ever found yourself struggling to understand an image without being able to? Have you tried perhaps to find some similarity between what you see and some well-known object, in an attempt to make sense of that image that you had never seen before? You may have experienced this sensation for a moment, for example, when looking at a magnetic resonance or an ultrasound image for the first time; or when looking at an abstract painting whose title induces you to strive towards recognizing a specific object in it.

Visual agnosia is an acquired perceptual disorder caused by brain damage, in which the affected person is unable to recognize previously known visual stimuli, despite preservation of at least some sensation (there is no blindness) and despite being able to recognize the same stimuli through other senses, such as touch or hearing. These individuals can see, but they cannot understand what they see. This occurs either when the brain fails to produce a single, coherent image from the visual features of the object present, what is called apperceptive visual agnosia. Or when, despite being able to form an image (percept), it cannot be associated with anything already known, and so no meaning can be assigned to what the visual information is or to its function. This second case is known as associative visual agnosia . Types of visual agnosia In apperceptive visual agnosia, due to a failure to form a coherent percept, individuals cannot identify the shape of objects and so have trouble recognizing the differences between similar objects, copying a drawing of these simple shapes, or mentally reconstructing forms . In associative visual agnosia, individuals can correctly perceive shapes, but they cannot interpret them. Individuals can match similar figures and copy a drawing, but cannot associate shapes with objects (e. g. , associating a rectangle with a book, or a glove with a hand). Poppelreuter Test (superimposed figures) used in the assessment of visual agnosia. People with apperceptive agnosia are not able to identify the different line drawings of objectse. g. , cannot color the individual items or trace the...

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### Executive functions: what they are, types, and how to improve them

- Published: 2021-04-15
- Modified: 2021-04-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/executive-functions/executive-functions-what-they-are-types-and-how-to-improve-them/
- Categories: Executive Functions
- Tags: Cognitive Functions, Cognitive Stimulation, Executive Functions, neuroplasticity

Executive functions are higher-order skills involved in the energization, regulation, sound execution and on-line readjustment of goal-directed behaviors (Verdejo-García & Bechara, 2010). In other words, the executive functions are the “tools” that guide our actions, thoughts, and emotions in order to achieve objectives or goals.

Executive function skills Executive functions comprise diverse aspects such as working memory, planning, reasoning, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, decision making, time estimation, multitasking or dual-task performance. For example, working memory allows the storage, manipulation, and transformation of information in the mind. We use working memory when we recall questions asked in a conversation in order to answer them later on. Another executive function is planning, that is, the ability to develop the most appropriate action plans based on the anticipation of consequences in the pursuit of a specific goal. For example, when setting the table, planning is the executive function that allows us to keep in mind: how many people will be eating; where to get the tablecloth; how to lay it out; how many plates and cutlery to use... How to improve executive functions? Can training improve executive functioning problems such as trouble with reasoning, working memory, planning, or inhibition? Yes, thanks to neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience, chemical substances, hormones, and injury. This ability of the brain to reorganize itself, and form and strengthen neural connections, is vital for improving executive functioning. Only appropriate training can improve executive function deficits. Proper training is always led by a cognitive stimulation professional. This professional will develop a cognitive stimulation program adjusted to individual needs, characteristics, and circumstances, and will decide which type of activities to perform, difficulty level, and duration of those activities. Accordingly, we will share some NeuronUP activities used by neurorehabilitation professionals to improve executive functioning.

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### New sensory stimulation treatment options for patients with chronic disorders of consciousness

- Published: 2021-04-15
- Modified: 2022-07-12
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/stimulation-treatment-for-chronic-disorders-of-consciouness/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: consciousness disorders, sensory stimulation treatment

Sensory stimulation programs have a long history of being used in neurorehabilitation, as they are one of the most commonly used treatment options for addressing global disorders of consciousness after severe brain injury.

These programs are based on the idea that enriched environments enhance neural plasticity and therefore improve recovery inbrain-injured patients . However, several recent systematic reviews , including one published by the Cochrane Collaboration , concluded that there is still a lack of reliable evidence to support or rule outthe effectiveness of sensory stimulation in patients with global disorders of consciousness (coma, vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, and minimally conscious state). Additionally, in recent years there have been advances in knowledge about the brain in general and disorders of consciousness in particular, with new paradigms and theoretical notions emerging to evaluate if the main characteristics of the sensory stimulation method are still appropriate in terms of what we know today. In 2014, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience published an article in which the authors reviewed the main characteristics of sensory stimulation with the aim of evaluating which were out-of-date and which were not, while proposing some changes in light of recentfindings and theoretical views. Today’s blog post briefly discusses sensory stimulation and the current concept of consciousness and disorders of consciousness (DOC), and then gives way to a summary of this work. Current concept of consciousness and global disorders of consciousness Traditionally, the state of consciousness and the disorders of consciousness (coma, vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, and minimally conscious state) have been defined based on two factors: Arousal (level of alertness; “being conscious”) is the ability to wake up and maintain the sleep-wake cycle. Awareness (content of consciousness;...

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### Mount Sinai is conducting research with NeuronUP on the cognitive sequelae of COVID-19

- Published: 2021-04-06
- Modified: 2021-04-06
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/mount-sinai-research-neuronup-covid-19/
- Categories: Announcements, NeuronUP News
- Tags: covid, mount sinai

The purpose of the Mount Sinai Hospital's research with NeuronUP is to rehabilitate cognitive impairments caused by the coronavirus The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York is conducting a research project with NeuronUP on the cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 with more than 200 participants. More participants will join the coming months. The purpose of the Mount Sinai Hospital's research with NeuronUP is to rehabilitate cognitive impairments caused by the coronavirus, as far as possible. "At NeuronUP we are very grateful that an institution of the prestige of Mount Sinai Hospital relies on NeuronUP to conduct its research on the cognitive sequelae of COVID-19," says NeuronUP's CEO, Íñigo Fernandez de Piérola. Cognitive profile of affected patients The preparation phase of the research began last December. The researchers focused on evaluating the cognitive profiles of the patients. The preliminary study determined that sequelae have occurred not only in elderly people. Young people, who in many cases are highly qualified and occupy positions of responsibility, have suffered sequelae. Those affected are often aware of the loss of cognitive level they have suffered and of the difficulties in carrying out their daily life activities normally.   With this intervention, they hope to be able to recover their normal life, both personally and professionally. Main cognitive sequelae of the coronavirus The main problems presented by these patients, in addition to the well-known sequelae in olfactory and gustatory gnosias, are problems with attention, memory, language, executive functions and visuospatial skills. Mount Sinai Research with NeuronUP: Intervention Phase...

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### Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation of Aphasia

- Published: 2021-03-31
- Modified: 2021-03-31
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/neuropsychological-assessment-and-rehabilitation-of-aphasia/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Aphasia, language rehabilitation, neuropsychological rehabilitation of language

The term aphasia refers to alterations in language and communication due to brain injury, although aphasia entails limitations in all areas of a person’s life that go far beyond language problems.

The role of neuropsychology in aphasia Given its complexity, it is necessary to have a team made up of many professionals who, from different approaches, aim to help the patient recover as much function as possible and facilitate the adaptation of the person to their new life situation. Speech therapists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, social workers and clinical psychologists, all must provide their assessments and, if necessary, their treatment options. Of course, neuropsychologists also play an important role in this process, which will be addressed in this article. The neuropsychologist is responsible for describing the cognitive profile of persons with aphasia following brain injury. Therefore, when language is understood as a cognitive function, it is difficult to separate it from other functions that interact with it and are also influenced by it, such as working memory, executive functioning and memory, among others (1). Understanding this profile can be key to knowing what abilities have been preserved before starting rehabilitation. In addition, neuropsychology is one of the fields responsible for directing the different advances in neuroscience regarding language function and developing new methods for approaching rehabilitation, moving from asyndrome model or approach to a model based on language processes (2,3). Neuropsychological assessment of aphasia The framing model One of the main requirements for neuropsychological assessment of language is having a model that enables us to understand how language functions. The Classic Model, often referred to as the “Wernicke-Geschwind model” (4), is commonly used. This model proposes a syndrome classification but is insufficient to...

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### Social Cognition Activities for Adults

- Published: 2021-03-31
- Modified: 2022-02-01
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-cognition/social-cognition-activities/
- Categories: Activities for Social Cognition
- Tags: neurorehabilitation printable activities, Social Cognition

From today you can work with four new social cognition activities for adults! Many of you asked us for more activities to work with this cognitive function, so we got down to work to put together a social cognition activity pack. We present them to you one by one! But first, a little warning! From now instead of launching a new activity every 15 days, we will periodically release a pack of several activities (it can be to reinforce a specific area, a pack for a specific pathology, varied activities with your suggestions, etcetera! ) We can let you know that the next pack will be to about laterality with children. Social Cognition Activities 1. Word-Emotion Association This activity involves recognizing the emotion shown and relate it to the terms that define it. This task is perfect for improving social cognition and vocabulary. It is fundamental to identify emotions in other people and to learn how to relate to people in an appropriate way in their daily lives. In addition, vocabulary is working on because the words become more complicated as the level increases. Also, as the level increases, the emotions and feelings shown become more and more complex. Word-Emotion Association, Social Cognition Activity 2.  Internal States Internal States is a printable activity. It cannot be digitized because the patient has to explain the characters´ feelings in the stories shown by elaborating social scripts. We show you an example, in the following exercise: Internal States, Social Cognition Activity What does this activity...

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### Multiple Sclerosis vs. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: How do they differ?

- Published: 2021-03-29
- Modified: 2022-06-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-vs-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-how-do-they-differ/
- Categories: Multiple Sclerosis
- Tags: ALS, ALS treatment, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, MS, MS and ALS causes, MS and ALS symptoms, MS treatment, Multiple Sclerosis

Nowadays there is considerable confusion between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Most people think it is the same disease but in fact, they are very different, even though both are&nbsp;<a href="https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation/neurodegenerative-diseases/" rel="nofollow">neurodegenerative diseases</a>&nbsp;and have “sclerosis” in their name. As a result, we wanted to briefly explain the main differences between these diseases.

Causes MS is an autoimmune disease that is possibly caused by a virus or an unknown antigen. In this case, the body’s immune system attacks the myelin—a substance that wraps around nerve fibers and permits the transmission of nerve impulses at an adequate rate—which results in poor electrical communication between neurons, causing numerous symptoms which we will describe below. ALS, on the other hand, affects the nerve cells that control voluntary movements in both the brain and the spinal cord, meaning this disease only affects the motor system. Its cause is also unknown. Symptoms The most common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis are visual disturbances, balance problems, speech problems, tremors or hand shaking, muscle weakness in arms or legs, and loss of muscle strength. Other symptoms that generally occur are cognitive impairments in memory, encoding and retrieval of information, and emotional problems such as anxiety and depression. On the other hand, as mentioned before, patients with ALS only suffer from motor symptoms. Voluntary muscle action becomes affected, there is weakness in arms and legs, and speech difficulties and trouble swallowing. It is necessary to emphasize the severity of this disease since patients can eventually develop respiratory muscle dysfunction; as a result, patients with ALS live from 3 to 5 years after their diagnosis. Treatment Currently there is no cure for either condition but treatments can help slow both diseases and ease their symptoms. In both, treatment consists of drugs that slow the progression of the disease in combination with sessions of...

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### Rehabilitation of alternating attention

- Published: 2021-03-29
- Modified: 2021-03-29
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-alternating-attention/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: alternating attention, Cognitive Functions, Neurorehabilitation

As already discussed in a <a rel="nofollow" href="https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-selective-attention/">previous blog post</a>, the most frequently used theoretical model for the rehabilitation of attention is the clinical model of Sohlberg and Mateer, in which attention is divided hierarchically into five levels, with alternating attention being the fourth level. This means that to efficiently carry out an activity requiring alternating attention, a proper functioning of focused, sustained and selective attention is required1.

What is alternating attention? Alternating attention is the ability to shift the focus of attention and move between two or more activities with different cognitive requirements. Mental flexibility is thereby required to enable the switch and to perform the different tasks efficiently, without the cognitive load of one task limiting the performance of the others, or task switching itself altering concentration1. The engagement of lower levels of attention is clear. On the one hand, focused attention, the most basic type, is required to respond to different stimuli. On the other hand, sustained attention is needed to properly perform a task, while selective attention is essential to carrying out an activity at a given time without interference from other stimuli or items of information. An example of a task included in the Attention Process Training (APT) program to target deficits in alternating attention is a cancellation task in which participants are asked to first cross out a target stimulus and then, when directed, switch to crossing out the other2. As you can see, this is a cancellation task in which attention must be sustained on the target stimulus while at the same time, ignoring the other stimuli until switching takes place, that is, the moment in which mental flexibility comes into play. We use this type of attention in many daily life situations since we are constantly performing several tasks at the same time. By way of illustration, here is an example: meal preparation. Imagine heating soup on the stove that...

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### The 5 most popular cognitive stimulation activities for adults

- Published: 2021-03-29
- Modified: 2021-03-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/cognitive-stimulation-activities-adults/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: Activities for cognitive stimulation, Adult activities for cognitive stimulation, neurorehabilitation activities, worksheets for cognitive stimulation

<em>Pair up the figures</em> or <em>Repeated words </em>were some of the most popular activities of cognitive stimulation for adults. At <a href="https://neuronup.us" rel="nofollow">NeuronUP</a>, we do not want to miss out on the opportunity to show you most frequently used worksheets by neurorehabilitation professionals.

Pair up the figures or Repeated words were some of the most popular activities of cognitive stimulation for adults. At NeuronUP, we do not want to miss out on the opportunity to show you most frequently used worksheets by neurorehabilitation professionals. The most popular cognitive stimulation activities for adults: 1. Pair up the figures Pair up the figures has been the exercise most used by professionals in 2016. This is a task to train selective attention in which clients have to match the same pictures. This worksheet is both in paper and digital format. A range of difficulty levels is available—from basic to advanced— so that the therapist can select the level that is most appropriate for the client’s capabilities. Basic Level This level, for example, is suitable for individuals with severe Alzheimer’s disease. Advanced Level This level is appropriate for individuals with mild cognitive impairment. 2. Repeated words This cognitive rehabilitation task involves identifying all the words that appear more than once. It improves selective attention and working memory. The following is an example of an intermediate level worksheet. We can see that the word “hockey” appears three times. Is this the only repeated word or are there others? How many? 3. Select items from a category This activity involves choosing a number of specific items among a group of stimuli. This task is perfect for improving selective attention and semantic memory. In the next picture, for instance, all the food has to be identified: Let’s make the game more difficult. Now, identify all the common bathroom objects. More complicated, right? 4. Search...

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### Cognitive stimulation activities for people with intellectual disabilities

- Published: 2021-03-22
- Modified: 2021-03-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-intellectual-disabilities/cognitive-stimulation-activities-people-intellectual-disabilities/
- Categories: Activities for Intellectual Disabilities
- Tags: Activities for intellectual disability, Intellectual Disability, neurodevelopmental disorder

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which manifest themselves during the developmental period.

Causes of intellectual disability ID can have multiple causes: Metabolic;Infectious;Chromosomal;Environmental;Nutritional;Toxic: Intrauterine exposure to alcohol, cocaine or other drugs. And various other causes It can also originate at different times: Before the baby is born;During birth;Because of a serious illness in childhood. Symptoms of intellectual disability Social and practical skills are affected, i. e. the daily living skills needed to live, work and play in the community: communication, social and interpersonal skills, self-care, domestic life, self-control, basic academic skills (basic reading, writing and mathematics), work, leisure, health and safety. Adaptive skills are considered to be limited if there is a deficit in at least two of these areas compared to children of the same age and culture. + Information Cognitive stimulation in people with intellectual disabilities Cognitive stimulation is recommended for all persons with intellectual disabilities in order to enhance their existing abilities, try to develop to the maximum those they do not have and give them strategies to replace those they cannot develop. In this way, the aim is for them to have a life that is as functional and autonomous as possible. The cognitive stimulation program of NeuronUP allows neuropsychologists, occupational therapists and speech therapists to adapt each activity to the particularities and needs of each person with intellectual disability. The examples of cognitive stimulation activities for people with intellectual disabilities that we describe here have been developed by NeuronUP under the principles of generalization. Cognitive stimulation activities for people with intellectual disabilities 1. Select Items from a Category How is it played? ...

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### Basic activities of daily living: intervention for improving dressing performance with NeuronUP

- Published: 2021-03-22
- Modified: 2021-04-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-of-daily-living-adls/basic-activities-of-daily-living-intervention-neuronup/
- Categories: Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
- Tags: Activities for intellectual disability, Activities of Daily Living, ADLs, Intellectual Disability, Neurorehabilitation

According to the framework developed by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) (1), activities of daily living are activities oriented toward taking care of one’s own body.

ADLs also are referred to as basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and personal activities of daily living (PADLs). These activities are “fundamental to living in a social world; they enable basic survival and well-being” (Christiansen & Hammecker, 2001). In addition, instrumental activities of daily living (1) are activities to support daily life within the home and community that often require more complex interactions than those used in ADLs. Improving a basic activity of daily living (dressing) with NeuronUP’s exercise Get dressed I would like to explain how to carry out occupational therapy intervention on a basic activity of daily living (dressing) with the program NeuronUP. According to the AOTA (1), dressing includes selecting clothing and accessories appropriate to time of day, weather, and occasion; obtaining clothing from storage area; dressing and undressing in a sequential fashion; fastening and adjusting clothing and shoes; and applying and removing personal devices, prosthetic devices, or splints. Get dressed, an activity designed by the web platform NeuronUP for improving dressing skills, involves dressing a doll figure appropriately by taking into account both the parts of the body where each item of clothing goes and dressing in a sequential fashion, as well as selecting clothing appropriate to occasion. Select the level of difficulty when practicing basic activities of daily living This task includes three levels of difficulty: easy, medium, and difficult. At the easy level (further subdivided into 2 sub-phases), users must dress a doll figure but first must open a window to see what clothes to put on...

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### Dyslexia: meaning, symptoms, types and dyslexic activities

- Published: 2021-03-21
- Modified: 2021-03-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/dyslexia-meaning-symptoms-types-dyslexic-activities/
- Categories: Activities for Language
- Tags: Dyslexia, dyslexia symptoms, dyslexic activities, language rehabilitation, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, rehabilitation activities for dyslexia

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder characterized by an impaired ability to recognize words, slow and hesitant reading, and poor reading comprehension.

This neurodevelopmental disorder is estimated to affect approximately one in ten children, there by leading to severe difficulties in school. Therefore, detecting this disorder early is important in order to deal with this situation and improve learning. Dyslexia: Meaning and Treatment Most common dyslexia symptoms Dyslexia does not only refer to difficulties in learning to read and write,but people with this disorder may also experience processing speed problems, difficulties with motor skills, and issues with visual and/or auditory perception. Individuals with this disorder may as well have difficulties with short-term memory, organization, sequencing, and spoken language. The most common signs of dyslexia are outlined below. It is important, however, to point out that every case of this disorder is unique and as such, someone with this disorder may not exhibit all the following symptoms: Laterality/directionality problemsSpatial/temporal difficultiesConfusing similar-sounding wordsDifficulty with articulation or pronunciationTransposing and reversing letters and numbersReading is labored and filled with errorsConcentration problems when reading or writingDifficulty following instructions or learning routinesBalance difficultiesDifficulty organizing thoughts or ideasShort-term memory issuesDifficulty staying focusedDifficulty with math skillsIn some cases–especially in poorly-managed ones–dyslexic individuals have speech difficulties. Types of dyslexia To make a classification of it, we will firstmake a distinction between two types: acquired and developmental. Acquired: caused by brain damage. Developmental: not caused by a sudden brain insult. The most common type to affect school age children. There is as well another possible classification based on the patient’s predominant deficits: Phonological an impairment in the phonological or sublexical route. Phonological dyslexic patients read via the lexical route...

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### Rehabilitation of selective attention

- Published: 2021-03-21
- Modified: 2021-03-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-selective-attention/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: Rehabilitation of selective attention, selective attention

Attention is a complex cognitive function that has been researched from several scientific fields—from neuropsychology to cognitive neurosciencevia psychometrics and even electrophysiology. This has resulted in the development of multiple models that attempt to explain this ability from different perspectives. Cognitive neuroscience, for example, attempts to identify those areas of the brain most involved in attentional processes such as the prefrontal cortex and sensory cortex, and subcortical structures such as the optic thalamus, the corpus striatum (the caudatenucleus and the lentiform nucleus), the septal nuclei, the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the cerebellum.1

From a neuropsychological perspective, the most relevant model has been the clinical model of attention proposed by Sohlberg and Mateer,2a model based onthe observation of attention deficits in people who have suffered traumatic brain injuries. Through clinical observation, these authors consider attention as a multidimensional cognitive capacity divided hierarchically into five levels or types of attention: focused, sustained, selective, alternating, and divided. The following sections will deal in more detail with selective attention, its definition, the problems faced by people with impairments affecting their functioning, as well as the assessment and rehabilitation of attention. What is selective attention? Selective attention is the ability to maintain behavioral or cognitive set in the face of distracting or competing stimuli. Based on Sohlberg and Mateer’s model,2and specifically on the hierarchical fashion in which the five levels of attention are organized, a minimal capacity to sustain attention is required before carrying out activities that involve selective attention. Let’s take a simple example: reading a newspaper in the subway. In this environment, there are multiple distracting stimuli, both visual and auditory, such as the sound of the subway, the voice calling the stops, people talking and moving, etc. For performing an activity such as reading the newspaper, which requires concentration and an understanding of what has been read, it is necessary to sustain attention on the task while inhibiting distractors. This is what we call selective attention, the ability to select relevant information we are focusing on for a period of time. For this reason, the correct functioning of sustained attention...

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### 7 Exercises for the rehabilitation of visuospatial skills

- Published: 2021-03-15
- Modified: 2021-03-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-visuospatial-skills/7-exercises-for-the-rehabilitation-of-visuospatial-skills/
- Categories: Activities for Visuospatial Skills
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Kids, Visuospatial Skills

Do you know what visuospatial skills are, why are they important, or how can they be improved? Today, we explain this cognitive function and introduce 7 exercises for the rehabilitation of visuospatial skills in adults and children. What are visuospatial skills? Visuospatial skill is the ability to represent, analyze, and mentally manipulate objects. There are two important concepts relating to visuospatial skills: Spatial relationsto represent and mentally manipulate two-dimensional objects. Spatial visualization: the ability to represent and mentally manipulate three-dimensional objects. Why are visuospatial skills important? Visuospatial skills are very useful in everyday life. Thanks to them, we can estimate the distance between two objects and create mental maps to get to a specific location.  Visuospatial skills are essential when it comes to parking a car as they help us monitor whether we have enough space or not. 7 Exercises for the rehabilitation of visuospatial skills Stop the Ball “Stop the ball” consists of estimating the exact moment in which the ball passes a specific point. This activity  is oriented towards training spatial relations.  Let’s see an example: the traffic light is green and we need to cross the street, but the traffic light will be turning red in five seconds. Will we have enough time to cross? This common scenario can cause insecurity if we have difficulty calculating distance and speed. We can train this with “Stop the ball”. Apart from spatial relations, this exercise also targets inhibition, planning, and processing speed. It is also available for kids under the name “Pit Stop”. In this game, children must estimate the exact moment to make a...

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### Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): Definition, classification and exercises for kids and adults

- Published: 2021-03-15
- Modified: 2021-03-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/adls/activities-of-daily-living-adls-definition-classification-and-exercises-for-kids-and-adults/
- Categories: Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), ADL's
- Tags: Activities of Daily Living, ADL&#039;s, Adult activities for cognitive stimulation, NeuronUP activities

Do you know what activities of daily living are? Do you know the difference between basic and instrumental activities of daily living? Do you know how to improve ADLs? In today’s post, we explain what activities of daily living are, their classification, and also recommend several exercises for improving them.

What are activities of daily living? ADLs are all those tasks of everyday life which have a specific value and meaning to individuals, as well as purpose. Occupations are central to a person’s identity and competence, and they influence how one spends time and makes decisions. How are activities of daily living classified? ADLs are divided into the following categories: 1. Basic Activities of Daily Living : Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADLs) are activities oriented toward taking care of one’s own body. Basic activities of daily living include: Bathing / showeringBowel and bladder managementDressingEatingFeedingFunctional mobilityPersonal device carePersonal hygiene and groomingSexual activitySleep / restToilet hygiene 2. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: IADLs are activities oriented toward interacting with the environment; they are often complex, and they are generally optional in nature since they may be delegated to another. Instrumental activities of daily living include: Care of others (including selecting and supervising caregivers)Care of petsChild rearingCommunication device useCommunity mobilityFinancial managementHealth management and maintenanceHome establishment and managementMeal preparation and cleanupSafety procedures and emergency responsesShopping 3. Education Activities needed for being a student and participating in a learning environment. Formal educational participationExploration of informal personal educational needs or interestsInformal personal education participation 4. Work Activities needed for engaging in remunerative employment or volunteer activities. Employment interests and pursuitsSeeking and acquisitionJob performanceRetirement preparation and adjustmentVolunteer explorationVolunteer participation 5. Play Any spontaneous or organized activity that provides enjoyment, entertainment, amusement, or diversion. Play explorationPlay participation 6. Leisure Nonobligatory activities that are intrinsically motivated and engaged...

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### 10 Cognitive rehabilitation exercises: practical examples

- Published: 2021-03-15
- Modified: 2021-03-15
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/10-cognitive-rehabilitation-exercises-practical-examples/
- Categories: Neurorehabilitation Activities
- Tags: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Neurorehabilitation

Cognitive stimulation or cognitive rehabilitation is a set of techniques to improve the functioning of cognitive abilities. 

Today we propose 10 cognitive rehabilitation exercises: cognitive rehabilitation exercises for children, cognitive rehabilitation exercises for adults and cognitive rehabilitation exercises for older people. 10 Cognitive rehabilitation exercises The practical cognitive rehabilitation exercises that we propose below can be found on the NeuronUP platform. 1. Get Dressed This is a cognitive rehabilitation exercise for older people. Ideal to work with Alzheimer patients. It consists of dressing the silhouette in an appropriate manner, taking into account both the place and order in which each garment is placed and the type of situation. With this activity we stimulate la procedimental memory, body schema, ideological praxis, la semantic memory and planning 2. Jump the Squares This cognitive rehabilitation activity is ideal for a person with Multiple Sclerosis. The user has to follow a path with the objective of reaching the final square, skipping over squares or going backwards, according to the rules that are indicated. Here we are working alternating attention and inhibition. 3. Word Search This activity is very helpful for individuals with Parkinson's. This activity can be personalized to make it relevant to the individual doing the activity by including words that are meaningful to them, be it names of family members, favorite entertainers or places relevant to their lives. This activity works attention. 4. Select Items from a Category This exercise consists of selecting a series of specific elements from a group of stimuli. This activity is often used to work with people with intellectual disabilities to work selective attention and...

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### Explaining Alzheimer’s Disease to Children

- Published: 2021-03-10
- Modified: 2022-05-11
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/alzheimers/explaining-alzheimers-disease-to-children/
- Categories: Alzheimer's
- Tags: alzheimer&#039;s, Kids

Every July 26th Grandparents Day is celebrated to pay tribute to the vital role grandparents play in families. At NeuronUP, we would like to take this opportunity to discuss the difficult task of explaining Alzheimer’s disease to children.

It is undeniable that explaining Alzheimer's to children is no simple task. Children may not understand why their grandparent, who once used to take care of them, picked them up from school or gave them a snack, can no longer do those things. Therefore, the first thing we should do is to explain to the child what is happening to their grandparent in language that is suitable for the child’s age. Explaining Alzheimer’s  Disease to children What is Alzheimer’s? "Your grandpa (or grandma) has Alzheimer's, a disease that causes the brain to forget things. " But Alzheimer’s is not just memory loss, and the child needs to be able to understand all the other symptoms little by little. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s with which children should be familiarized This type of dementia usually starts slowly, first affecting the parts of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and language.  Over time, these symptoms worsen up to the point that people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease fail to recognize their closest relatives, including their grandchildren. At this moment, children will most likely feel sad, so it is important to explain to them that it is not their grandparent's fault, but the illness that causes them to forget.  There may wellcome a time when their grandparent will forget how to dress or groom him/ herself and we must explain to the children in order to help them. In addition to the distinctive memory problems, patients with Alzheimer’s disease develop other symptoms such as changes in reasoning skills, aphasia,...

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### NeuronUP organizes the IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology

- Published: 2021-03-10
- Modified: 2021-03-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/announcements/neuronup-organizes-the-iv-iberoamerican-conference-of-neuropsychology/
- Categories: Announcements
- Tags: Conference, Neuropsychology

We are very happy to announce that...NeuronUP is organizing the IV Iberoamerican Congress of Neuropsychology together with Neuropsychology Learning to be held on May 27, 28 and 29, 2021!

The Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology is an event that emerged with the idea of promoting the development of neuropsychology in Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries. This conference was created by Dr. Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla and up to now three editions have been held: two in Spain, specifically in Bilbao (2016) and Almeria (2018) and the last one in Cali, Colombia (2019). When is the IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology? The IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology will be held on May 27, 28 and 29, 2021.   Where will this fourth edition be held? Due to the circumstances we are currently living with the covid-19 pandemic, this fourth edition of the conference will be online. And, we assure you, this will not be an impediment to guarantee the quality of this one, which will be equal or better than the previous ones. Who are the organizers of the conference? The IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology is organized by NeuronUP and Neuropsychology Learning. Do you want to participate in the IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology? You can send your papers here . The deadline for receipt of papers is December 20, 2020. What is the program and speakers of the IV Iberoamerican Conference of Neuropsychology? The pre-conference thematic workshops will be held on May 27, while the extensive program of lectures, symposia and posters will be developed on May 28 and 29. We will be announcing the speakers and the program in the next weeks on the conference website: Iberoamerican Congress of...

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### Gender dysphoria in children and adolescents

- Published: 2021-03-10
- Modified: 2021-03-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/gender-dysphoria-in-children-and-adolescents/
- Categories: Gender Dysphoria, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Neuropsychology
- Tags: Adolescents, Anxiety, Brain, Depression, gender, gender dysphoria, Kids, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Neuropsychology

Transgender people experience a sense of dissonance between their biological sex at birth and their gender identity.

The words sex and gender are often used interchangeably and incorrectly, which can lead to confusion when dealing with issues like this one. Before we begin, it is therefore necessary to clarify the meaning and differences betweenboth words1: Sex: refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define a person as male or female. Sex is a label assigned at birth based on factors,including hormones, genitals, sex chromosomes, and genetics. Gender: refers to the socially constructed characteristics that define a person's role in society and classifythem as male and female. Gender includes identity, behavior and beliefs, and determines how people should interact with others of the same or opposite sex within households, communities and workplaces. What is gender dysphoria? With the above definitions in mind, gender dysphoria (GD) is described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMas a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by significantmental distress due to the dissonance between biological sex—assigned at birth—and gender identity. This incongruence typically starts at an early age, so children with GD display behaviors and preferences that do not match their biological sex2 Diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria Diagnostic criteria for gender dysphoria in children According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)3, the criteria for diagnosing gender dysphoria in children include: A marked incongruence between one’s experienced/expressed gender and assigned gender, lasting at least six months, as manifested by at least six of the following criteria (one of which must be criterion A1):A strong desire to...

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### Attention problems: what are they, types, symptoms and exercises to improve attention

- Published: 2021-03-08
- Modified: 2021-03-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/attention-problems-what-are-they-types-symptoms-and-exercises-to-improve/
- Categories: Activities for Attention, Attention
- Tags: Activities for improving attention, alternating attention, Attention, Attention problems, selective attention, sustained attention

We live in a time in which we are swamped with stimuli that make it difficult for us to maintain attention on a task. It is becoming more common to watch a movie while reading the news on the computer and texting on the phone at the same time. We are now used to perform several tasks simultaneously, but do we really pay enough attention to what we are doing? How can we tell when we are dealing with attention problems? Can attention be trained?

What is attention? Attention is the cognitive ability to generate, direct, and maintain an appropriate state of alertness to correctly process information. Types of attention There are three different processes or types of attention: Sustained attention: the ability to continuously maintain focus on a task or event over a long period of time. Selective attention: the ability to direct attention and focus on a task without interruption or interference from either external or internal factors or stimuli. Alternating attention: the ability to rapidly shift focus from one task to another. Attention problems: The most common difficulties experienced by people with attention problems are: Becoming easily distracted and failing to pay attention to details. Difficulty following instructions and completing tasks. Making careless mistakes. Avoiding tasks that require sustained mental effort. For example, when we are shifting focus continuously from one stimulus to another and we are not able to focus attention on any of them, we are struggling with attention problems. This will decisively influence memory processes because if we do not pay sufficient attention to a stimulus, we will not be able to process it and retain it in memory. Can attention be trained? At NeuronUP we believe that attention can be trained, so that is why we recommend exercises to improve attention. To improve attention, like other cognitive functions and processes, it is necessary to work on it. NeuronUP's cognitive stimulation program allows us to train attention and concentration and helps us to activate the various brain functions with which we perceive and process...

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### Exercises to improve praxis

- Published: 2021-03-08
- Modified: 2021-03-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-praxis/exercises-to-improve-praxis/
- Categories: Activities for Praxis
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Motor Planning, Neurorehabilitation, Praxis

Praxis refers to learned motor activity. In other words, praxis is the generation of volitional movement for the performance of a particular action or towards achieving a goal

Different types of praxis include: Ideomotor praxis: the ability to perform intentional movements or simple gestures. Ideational praxis: the ability to manipulate objects/tools in a sequence of motor actions involving knowledge of object function, knowledge of action, and knowledge of serial order. Facial praxis: the ability to perform intentional movements or gestures with different parts of the face: lips, tongue, eyes, eyebrows, cheeks, etc. Visuoconstructive praxis: the ability to plan and execute the movements necessary to organize a series of elements in space to draw or copy a figure. When do we use praxis? We use praxis when we do any motor activity, basic activities such as talking, smiling, walking, or getting dressed all involve this ability. 5 Exercises to improve praxis with your patients Last week, we recommended 5 cognitive stimulation worksheets to improve gnosis and today, we recommend five exercises to improve praxis. Getting Dressed This first activity targets ideational praxis. This exercise involves dressing a doll figure appropriately, taking into account both the part of the body where each item of clothing goes and dressing in a sequential fashion, as well as selecting clothing appropriate to occasion (whether it is hot or cold outside, to go to the beach or the mountain, etc. ). This activity also focuses on procedural memory, body schema, semantic memory, and planning. Mixed Images In this activity specifically designed for children, kids must move the pieces of the image until they create a complete image. This exercise targets visuoconstructive praxis, planning, and spatial relations. Can the kids put it...

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### Activities for the neuropsychological rehabilitation in patients with Broca’s aphasia

- Published: 2021-03-08
- Modified: 2021-03-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-language/brocas-aphasia/
- Categories: Activities for Language
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Broca’s aphasia, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Language, language rehabilitation, NeuronUP activities

Language is the ability enabling humans to communicate with others by means of sounds, signs and symbols used to name the objects in the outside world, their actions, characteristics, and the connections between them.

Language consists of the following elements for its communicative function: Expression: ability to formulate and communicate ideas in a coherent, grammatically correct manner. Naming: ability to name objects and persons. Repetition: ability to produce a word or phrase that is heard. Comprehension: ability to understand the meaning of words, texts, and ideas. These elements of language can be affected by a brain injury, for example, following a traumatic brain injury or stroke. The most common disorder is aphasia, a disturbance of the production and/or comprehension of language. What is Broca’s aphasia? Broca’s aphasia, also known as efferent motor aphasia or non-fluent aphasia, results from damage to a part of the brain called Broca’s area and is characterized by difficulty in the production of speech—although comprehension generally remains intact—agrammatism, de-automatization of speech articulation (apraxia of speech), anomia, and repetitive language. . Symptoms of Broca’s aphasia Difficulties are evident in spontaneous speech, dialogue or conversation. Sometimes, patients with Broca’s aphasia may simply become mute or semi-mute. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of Broca’s aphasia The platform NeuronUP has activities for the rehabilitation of Broca’s aphasia. Depending on the difficulties with verbal expression, the activities should be organized hierarchically in the following manner: Articulation and phonemic production. Repetition of words and phrases. Object naming. Oral and written production. 1. Articulation and phonemic production For articulation and phonemic production, the therapist can use a mirror to perform orolingual and buccofacial exercises. These exercises involve performing movements with the mouth, lips and tongue, thus stimulating them, to later express...

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### Activities for improving orientation

- Published: 2021-03-08
- Modified: 2022-02-08
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-orientation/activities-for-improving-orientation/
- Categories: Activities for Orientation
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Neurorehabilitation, Orientation

For most of us, it can be easy to answer questions like who are you? where are you now? or what day is today? For those with orientation impairments, however, these questions are really complicated.

What is orientation?   Orientation is the ability that allows awareness of oneself and one’s surroundings at all times. Types of orientation There are three types of orientation; here below you can find a brief explanation on each of them: Personal orientation: the ability to integrate information relating topersonal history and identity such as our age, civil status, or education level. Temporal orientation: the ability to manage information relating to day, time, month, year, the moment of performing certain behaviors, holidays, seasons, etc. Spatial orientation: the ability to handle information relating to where one is coming from, where one is at a specific moment, where one is heading, etc. Why is orientation important? Orientation is one of the most relevant aspects of daily life. This cognitive function enables us to locate ourselves and others in a specific place, that is, we must be aware of ourselves and our surroundings to determine our proper location in time and space. We are talking about something as basic as knowing what time of the day it is to be able to perform certain actions such as having breakfast in the morning or going to bed at night. Activities for improving orientation skills in young and older adults Next, we recommend different activities for improving orientation developed by NeuronUP: Objects, places, and professionals In this activity, clients must connect different objects with the places where they can be purchased and the professionals who work in these places.   In this specific spatial orientation worksheet, clients must determine what items can be purchased...

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### Anterior cingulate cortex: executive control, emotional control

- Published: 2021-03-01
- Modified: 2021-03-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/brain/anterior-cingulate-cortex-executive-control-emotional-control/
- Categories: Brain, Neuroscience
- Tags: Anterior cingulate cortex, Brain, Emotional Control, executive control, Neuroscience

In today's blog post we talk about anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and, specifically, the executive and emotional control of the ACC

Executive control of the ACC Posner et al. (2007), Posner and Rothbart (2007), and Bush, Luu & Posner (2000) have proposed that the anterior cingulate cortex, and specifically the anterior cingulate gyrus, is part of an executive attentional network, and that its main role is to regulate the processing of information from other networks, both in sensory and emotional modalities (Öschner & Gross, 2005). The term cognitive control refers to a series of executive functions that serve to configure cognitive systems in order to perform a task, especially in situations involving effort or non-routine behavior (Botvinick et al. , 2004). How does this configuration occur? Some authors (Botvinick et al. , 2004; Posner et al. , 2004) have proposed a conflict monitoring hypothesis, in which conflict detection occurs in the task. When this detection occurs, the ACC sets in motion a series of strategic readjustments in cognitive control and response planning, with the aim of reducing the conflict on the next trial, and getting it right. These results have been refined by Dosenbach et al. (2008). For their group, the ACC -and especially the dorsal ACC- seems to be a processing node that gains weight over prefrontal structures as a necessary structure to perform high-level cognitive tasks, especially when it is necessary to maintain a cognitive set, and to detect that this set is failing in the execution of a task. To what extent does the Anterior Cingulate Cortex mediate this process? Botvinick et al. (2004) state that conflict monitoring implies that if...

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### Asperger Syndrome from the perspective of neuropsychology

- Published: 2021-02-24
- Modified: 2021-02-25
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/asperger-syndrome/asperger-syndrome-from-the-perspective-of-neuropsychology/
- Categories: Asperger Syndrome
- Tags: ASD, Asperger Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder

February 18th is International Asperger's Day, a still relatively unknown disorder among the general population. Today, NeuronUP would like to discuss Asperger’s from a neuropsychological point of view. What is Asperger Syndrome? Asperger Syndrome, a neurological condition, is considered to be an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that affects how the brain processes information. Boys are more likely than girls to have autism.  Currently, one female is diagnosed with Asperger’s for every four males. In what areas do people with Asperger’s have difficulties? CommunicationSocial relationshipsMental and Behavioral inflexibility Characteristics Asperger Syndrome affects individuals in different ways although they share common characteristics: Often have difficulty managing social relationships, although this does not affect their intellectual ability. They often have average to superior intelligence. Are naive and gullible, however, they are also honest, sincere, and loyal. Have trouble understanding what other people are thinking or feeling, that is, putting themselves in other people’s shoes. Have difficulty keeping up with the pace of a conversation. However, they pay unusual attention to the details of it. Get easily upset by changes in routines and transitions. Are literal in speech and understanding. Moreover, their vocabulary is extensive, technical, and specialized. Are oversensitive to loud sounds, colors, light, odors or tastes. Are fixated on one subject or object. They can become experts on certain subjects.  Are physically awkward in sports. Have difficulty making friends of their own age. Neuropsychology and Asperger Syndrome: 1. Theory of Mind Deficit: When we mentioned above the inability of people with Asperger’s to put themselves in other people’s shoes, we...

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### Crossed laterality and learning difficulties

- Published: 2021-02-24
- Modified: 2021-02-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/crossed-laterality-and-learning-difficulties/
- Categories: Activities for kids
- Tags: ADHD, laterality, learning disabilities, NeuronUP activities

What is laterality? Laterality is the distribution of functions across the two cerebral hemispheres. The preference for one side of the body over the other (right or left) to perform actions depends on this distribution. This laterality comes from the binary organization of our nervous system. In fact, this duality is found in our body: two ears, two eyes, two lungs, two kidneys, etc. Our brain, in turn, has two specialized hemispheres responsible for controlling the entire complex dual system. Cortical lateralization is also present in these cerebral hemispheres, which specialize for different cognitive functions. A well-established laterality is a facilitator of different learning processes from the age of 4 or 5, and might be a risk factor if this is not the case. When do we speak of crossed laterality? We speak of crossed laterality when laterality of hand is different for feet, eyes, and ears. Homogeneous laterality occurs when hand, foot, eye and ear are uniformly one-sided (left/right dominance). Crossed hand-eye laterality has been the most studied and is often associated with learning problems, especially in the processes of reading and writing. It must be distinguished from forced laterality,when a person is forced to use the hand opposite of the hand that they would naturally use (for example, a left-handed child who is forced to learn to write with his right hand). Crossed laterality and learning From primary education onwards, children with ill-defined or crossed laterality may have specific learning difficulties. Around 25% of school-aged children exhibit learning...

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### 5 movies depicting neurodegenerative diseases

- Published: 2021-02-24
- Modified: 2021-02-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodegenerative-diseases/movies-neurodegenerative-diseases/
- Categories: Neurodegenerative diseases
- Tags: movies about neurodegenerative diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases

Movies provide us with stories of fantasy, comedy, adventure, or drama. Movies are much more than simple entertainment. Cinema is a fundamental tool to raise awareness about adverse real-life situations. 

Health problems and illnesses are part of life; hence they play an important role in the film industry. Through a story plot, cinema is capable of capturing the everyday life of patients trying to overcome a disease, which also helps us become aware of the difficulties these patients have to face. Today we are going to talk about 5 movies depicting neurodegenerative diseases. 5 movies depicting neurodegenerative diseases: 1. The Notebook This is the first movie that comes to mind when talking about Alzheimer’s. The story takes place in a nursing home where a man reads a love story from a notebook to a woman who suffers from Alzheimer’s: this story is Noah’s. A love story capable of overcoming any difficulty, even forgetfulness. 2. Still Alice “Still Alice” is another movie depicting Alzheimer’s. Julianne Moore plays Dr. Alice Howland, a world-renowned linguistics expert diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The film narrates Alice’s attempts to maintain independence, despite her suffering from this neurodegenerative disease. The film, based on the best-selling novel of the same name by writer Lisa Genova, brings us closer to the everyday life of patients with Alzheimer’s and also of their family members. 3. 100 meters The Spanish movie 100 meters is based on the true story of Ramón Arroyo, a father who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. His doctor informs him that in less than a year he will barely be able to walk 100 meters. Arroyo decides to defy his disease and attempt the impossible: to complete an Ironman triathlon... .

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### 5 cognitive stimulation activities for children that you should know about

- Published: 2021-02-24
- Modified: 2024-10-24
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-kids/5-cognitive-stimulation-activities-for-children-that-you-should-know-about/
- Categories: Activities for kids
- Tags: Activities for improving attention, cogntive stimulation, Kids

Cognitive Stimulation Activities for Children: 1. The Magic Word The classic word search puzzle remains the cognitive stimulation activity most chosen among professionals to improve attention in kids. NeuronUP offers therapists the possibility of customizing the word search to stimulate patients by using words from their daily life. For example, creating a customized word search with the names of their school friends: 2. Follow the path Follow the path is an activity to improve alternating attention and inhibition. The child must follow the steps marked on the pictures to reach the castle. A range of difficulty levels is also available so that the professional can adjust the task to the needs of each child. Basic Level Advanced Level 3. Common items Common items is the perfect activity for improving selective attention and semantic memory. Children have to select a number of specific items from among a group of stimuli. For example, in the next picture, children have to identify objects that are typically found in a kitchen: 4. Hide-and-seek with letters This cognitive stimulation activity for children involves searching for the given letter among a group of letters. It targets selective attention in particular. Be careful: it is easy to leave some out! 5. Animal Pairs Matching cards, another classic in cognitive stimulation, consists of finding the matching pairs among the face-down cards. In this case, the professional trains the child's episodic memory, selective attention, as well as working memory. NeuronUP also provides the professional with the ability to put a number on the cards in the case that this is a group activity, thus...

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### Cognitive rehabilitation activities for children with ADHD

- Published: 2021-02-23
- Modified: 2022-02-21
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-adhd/cognitive-rehabilitation-activities-for-children-with-adhd/
- Categories: Activities for ADHD, Activities for kids
- Tags: ADHD, Cognitive Stimulation, Kids

October 1st is ADHD World Awareness Day, and in observance of that day, NeuronUP recommends cognitive rehabilitation activities for children with ADHD. The following exercises are mainly focused on executive functions and attention. Cognitive rehabilitation activities for children with ADHD 1.  Let the Games Begin! This first activity is a game in which children must sort the soccer balls on one side and the basketballs on the other, and all while the balls are in constant motion! It is an ideal exercise for training planning, selective attention, sustained attention, hemineglect, and processing speed. 2. Hide-and-Seek with Letters This cognitive stimulation activity for children with ADHD targets selective attention in particular. Children must search for a given letter among a group of letters. They can’t leave any letter out! 3. The Magic Word Word search puzzles are a classic in cognitive rehabilitation since they are perfect for training selective attention in a dynamic and entertaining manner. In this particular case, NeuronUP provides a customized word search for kids in which the words can be adapted to the individualized needs of each child.   In the example above, we have created a customized word search with the names. 4. Program the robot A major emphasis continues to be placed on attention tasks. With "Program the robot", child clients must mirror the position of the bulbs as they appear on the model. By practicing this activity, children with ADHD will train sustained attention, selective attention, hemineglect, spatial relations, and processing speed. 5. Moving Drawings This activity involves memorizing...

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### Autism and the Brain

- Published: 2021-02-23
- Modified: 2024-04-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/asd/autism-and-the-brain/
- Categories: ASD
- Tags: ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a developmental neurobiological disorder that manifests itself during the first three or four years of life and lasts throughout a person’s lifetime.

Although each autistic syndrome is different in its symptomatology, this disorder is characterized by two common features: 1) persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, and 2) restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (Volden, 2017). Neurobiological causes Autism primarily involves behavioral deficits. However, numerous research studies have shown that the problem begins during prenatal brain development. Below, the most recent lines of research on the neurobiological causes leading to this disorder will be described. 1. Autism and brain volume. Researchers have found a correlation between the degree of excess brain growth and the severity of autism symptoms. Studies conducted using structural magnetic resonance imaging have specifically demonstrated that brain overgrowth starts in the first year of life, if not sooner (Amaral et al. , 2017; Kessler, Seymour, & Rippon, 2016). Although the cause of this excessive brain growth is currently unknown, the new data represent great progress for the early diagnosis and treatment of autism. 2. Autism and abnormal organization of the cerebral cortex.  From the first months of gestation, the cerebral cortexis organized into various areas that differ from one another. However, it has been observed that this differentiation does not occur in the same way in children with this disorder. Researchers, utilizing a tomography procedure, examined the postmortem tissue from children with autism and without this, all between the ages of 2 and 15 years. Clusters of disorganized brain cells were discovered in the prefrontal cortex, a brain region strongly associated with communication and social...

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### Anosognosia: What is it, a History and it&#8217;s Neuropsychological Reality

- Published: 2021-02-23
- Modified: 2024-09-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/anosognosia-what-it-is-history-and-its-neuropsychological-reality/
- Categories: Cognitive Impairment, Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, alzheimer&#039;s, anosognosia, Memory, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neuropsychology

Anosognosia is often an aspect that remains in the background when talking about neuropsychology. Therefore, this article aims to explain what it is, what it may be associated with and what implications it has in everyday life and in the clinic.

Anosognosia is often an aspect that remains in the background when talking about neuropsychology. Therefore, this article aims to explain what it is, what it may be associated with and what implications it has in everyday life and in the clinic. What is anosognosia? Anosognosia, a neologism derived from the Greek words a (without), nosos (disease) and gnosis (knowledge), literally means "lack of knowledge of the disease". That is, the perspective on certain limitations (cognitive, behavioral, emotional or functional) of the affected person differs from that of other people or from the results of objective tests. This can occur as a consequence of brain injuries resulting from acquired brain damage or neurodegenerative diseases (Mograbi and Morris, 2018). This difficulty in perceiving limitations can cover several aspects: from believing that one can see when actually suffering cortical blindness due to damage to the occipital lobe (Anton-Babinski syndrome), not being aware of the forgotton shopping list, to demonstrating behaviors previously not displayed. Similarly, it should be noted that anosognosia can be partial, with the patient being aware of a particular disturbance but ignoring the others, or even minimizing the relevance of the problem. A bit of history The discovery of this peculiar condition dates back to 1914, when the French-Polish neurologist Joseph Babinski (you may also be familiar with the Babinski sign, the plantar reflex) was working with patients who had suffered a stroke in the right hemisphere and consequently suffered from left hemiplegia. In the translation of the original text into...

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### Aphasia: Differential Diagnosis

- Published: 2021-02-19
- Modified: 2021-03-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/aphasia/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Aphasia, Cognitive Functions, Communication disorders, Speech disorders

Aphasia is the loss or impairment of language function caused by brain damage that is typically associated with lesions in the language-dominant hemisphere (the left hemisphere for 96% of right-handed and 70% of left-handed individuals ).

This term comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀφασία which means “speechlessness” . However, this disorder can also compromise—in many different ways and to many different degrees—both language production and comprehension in any of its modalities: oral expression, auditory comprehension, reading or writing . Therefore, depending on the linguistic abilities that are impaired—and which can also coexist with other cognitive deficits—aphasic syndromes can be very heterogeneous. Aphasia, Speech Disorders and Communication Disorders Since aphasia (as a disorder of language) also involves a deterioration of communication skills, it is important to discriminate between this disorder and other types of communication disorders that can result from acquired brain injury such as speech disorders and neuropsychological disorders such as apraxia of speech or cognitive-communication disorders . Aphasia vs. Speech Disorders Speech disorders such as dysphonia, dysphasia, dysglossia, dyslalia, or dysarthria are alterations of different origins (buccophonatory or neurological) that affect various parameters of speech such as the acoustic characteristics of voice (intensity, tone, and timbre), fluency, pronunciation, and the articulation of phonemes and words, but in which language is preserved . Aphasia, on the other hand, is characterized by an alteration in the structure of language affecting its semantic, grammatical, phonological and/or syntactic level, which deteriorates its symbolic nature , that is, the capacity of language to represent ideas or thoughts. Therefore, while this disorder is a specific impairment of language that affects its oral modality and the ability to communicate, speech disorders affect communication but not language. In certain cases, aphasia may co-occur with apraxia of speech, which is, like...

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### Rehabilitation of divided attention

- Published: 2021-02-19
- Modified: 2021-02-19
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/attention/rehabilitation-of-divided-attention/
- Categories: Attention
- Tags: alternating attention, Attention, Divided attention

What is divided attention? Divided attention is the last and highest level of attention inthe clinical model proposed by Sohlberg and Mateer1, in which different levels of attention are organized in a hierarchical fashion; hence, divided attention isfollowed by alternating, selective, sustainedand focused attention. This level of attention allows us to attend totwo or more different tasks simultaneously, which is commonly known as multitasking. Divided attention is used when we perform—at the same time—two activities differing in cognitive demands, or when the demands are similar but the types of stimulus to attend to differs in each activity. The clinical model of Sohlberg and Mateer1, establishes a dependence between the levels of attention, so that the proper functioning of the higher levels depends on the functioning of the lower levels. In the post regarding alternating attention, we explained the way in which its functioning depends onselective, sustained and focused attention. Thus, to establish the subordination of divided attention functioning to the lower levels, it is sufficient to indicate the close relationship between this level of attention and alternating attention as the authors themselves do: “divided attention may reflect either rapid and continuous alternating attention or dependence on more unconscious automatic processing for at least one of the tasks”2. This statement indicates that, when it comes to carrying out a divided attention task, such as, for example, sending a message with the mobile phone while walking down the street, what we are doing is alternating very quickly between the two activities, so that we...

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### Exercises for Stroke Patients

- Published: 2021-02-19
- Modified: 2021-02-19
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-stroke/exercises-for-stroke-patients/
- Categories: Activities for Stroke
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Attention, Memory, processing speed, Stroke, stroke rehabilitation

Cognitive rehabilitation is crucial for recovery after stroke. Therefore, here we provide you with some exercises for stroke patients , perfect for rehabilitation professionals to work with stroke victims. 14 NeuronUP Exercises for Stroke Patients Depending on the sequelae of stroke, stroke patients will undergo cognitive rehabilitation or other therapies, something that will be always determined by a neuropsychologist or an occupational therapist. To this end, we recommend 15 stroke rehab exercises designed by NeuronUP: 1. Objects, Places, and Professionals This exercise helps stroke victims improve their spatial orientation. This activity involves connecting different objects to the places where they can be purchased and the professionals who work in these places. 2. Find the Monument This exercise for stroke recovery aims at improving attention. It consists of following the directions as quickly as possible until reaching the monument. This activity targets processing speed, sustained attention, working memory, and planning. 3. Organize the Bookcase This activity involves copying the position of the objects placed in the bookcase just like in the model. Copying them requires a great deal of concentration because the bookcase is in the mirror so the model must be copied in reverse order. This exercise is designed for training sustained attention and selective attention, as well as hemineglect, spatial relations, and processing speed. The model is on the right side and the bookcase is on the left. Would your stroke patients know how to organize it correctly? 4.  Select Items from a Category This stroke rehab exercise is ideal...

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### Executive functions in children and adolescents

- Published: 2021-02-19
- Modified: 2021-02-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/executive-functions-in-children-and-adolescents/
- Categories: Activities for Executive Function, Executive Functions
- Tags: ADHD, dyscalculia, Dyslexia, Executive Functions, Kids, learning disabilities

Thanks to this post, you will further your understanding of executive functions in children and adolescents, with a special emphasis on ADHD and executive function problems. In addition, you will learn a number of strategies to stimulate and boost the appropriate development of executive function in children. Executive functions in children In the last 20 years, there has been an increasing interest in learning and researching how to improve executive functions in children and adolescents, especially in studying the consequences and the association with psychopathologies in both childhood and adulthood. Executive functions can be understood as “complex cognitive processes necessary for planning, organizing, guiding, revising, regulating, and evaluating behavior necessary to adapt effectively to the environment and to achieve goals” (Bauermeister, 2008). According to this definition, we can see how important executive function skills are in the early years of life, childhood and adolescence, and how children with executive function deficits or problems will have difficulties in effectively adapting to environmental changes. Executive function problems While executive functioning issues are not considered a disability on their own, we cannot forget the impact they may have on children's everyday lives. It is important to clarify that executive function deficits are unrelated to intellectual capacity. People with high intellectual capacity may have executive function difficulties. Executive function deficits may be manifested when children and adolescents: Are impulsive and easily distractedHave difficulty organizing tasksHave problems with inhibitionHave trouble switching from one activity to anotherHave difficulty choosing between two opposite tasksHave difficulty with self-monitoringHave difficulties...

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### Occupational therapy for patients with acquired brain injury

- Published: 2021-02-17
- Modified: 2021-11-09
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/occupational-therapy-for-patients-with-acquired-brain-injury/
- Categories: Occupational therapy
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Brain Injury, Occupational Therapy, Therapy

Today, the occupational therapist Ángel Sánchez, after explaining in an earlier post the goals and functions of occupational therapy, addresses the role of occupational therapy in patients with acquired brain injury. Occupational therapyis the use of purposeful activity or interventions designed to achieve functional outcomes which promote health, prevent injury or disability and which develop, improve or restore the highest possible level of independence of any individual who has an injury, illness, or other disorder or condition, in this case,of patients with acquired brain damage (ABI). The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable individuals to perform everyday life activities that are important and necessary to them. Occupational therapists assess motor, cognitive, perceptual, and interpersonal skills underlying activities of daily living, as well as occupations and life roles. Depending on the person’s potential for recovery, occupational therapy enhances performance in the activities by improving skills, teaching and developing compensatory and remedial or restorative strategies to maintain individual’s independence. This intervention is characterized by some core features of occupational therapy practice, including the following among others: To enable patients with ABI to become independent in activities of daily living (hereafter, ADLs). To develop new roles and meaningful activities for patients. To teach strategies that will facilitate the generalization of learning, that is, what is learned in a clinical setting will transfer to everyday life. To use analysis, selection, and development of activities as therapeutic intervention processes that contribute to the patient achieving significant goals. Patients with acquired brain injury share the common characteristic of having suffered a brain...

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### Activities for improving reasoning in children

- Published: 2021-02-17
- Modified: 2021-02-22
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-executive-function/activities-for-improving-reasoning-in-children/
- Categories: Activities for Executive Function, Activities for kids
- Tags: Executive Functions, Kids, Reasoning

Cognitive stimulation is a fundamental neuropsychological technique for improving mental capacity in people. When applied to children, cognitive stimulation aims to improve basic cognitive processes, including memory, attention, and reasoning. Today, we focus on activities for improving reasoning in children. What is reasoning? Reasoning is a critical function for daily life since it involves the ability to compare results, make inferences, and establish abstract relationships. In other words, reasoning is the ability to consciously solve problems by establishing causal relationships between them. As all cognitive functions, reasoning can be improved not only in adults but also in children. How can reasoning be trained in children? Cognitive stimulation is an ideal technique for training reasoning. Therefore, today we introduce activities for improving reasoning in children: Activities for improving reasoning in children 1. Converting Numbers into Words This first activity to improve logical reasoning skills in children involves matching the numbers to their corresponding words. For instance, 887 to “eight hundred eighty-seven”. Students get to train two other cognitive functions with this exercise: semantic memory and reading. 2. Step by Step “Step by step” is an ideal activity if you seek to improve reasoning in kids with the help of worksheets. This exercise involves identifying the correct sequence of steps necessary to perform a task. The following example is a basic level worksheet for improving reasoning in children: Now, we introduce an advanced level reasoning worksheet for kids: In addition to reasoning, these worksheets also target planning. 3. Organize the Farm “Organize...

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### How to Improve Your Social Skills: Social Skills Games

- Published: 2021-02-17
- Modified: 2021-10-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-social-skills/how-to-improve-your-social-skills-social-skills-games/
- Categories: Activities for Social Skills
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation Activities, Social Skills

What are social skills? Definition of Social Skills Social skills are a set of behavioral strategies and the abilities to implement those behaviors in order to help solve social situations effectively, that is, in an acceptable manner for both the individual and the social context. They enable individuals to express feelings, attitudes, desires, opinions or rights in an adequate way to the situation, while respecting other people’s behavior. Thus, they improve our interpersonal relationships, make us feel good, help us accomplish what we want without others preventing the achievement of our goals. These behaviors are necessary to interact and socialize with others in an effective and mutually satisfactory manner. List of social skills to teach: What types are there? Regarding the types of social skills, we can speak of basic and complex social skills. Basic social skills ListeningInitiating conversationsAsking questionsSaying thank youIntroducing yourselfIntroducing othersGiving a compliment Complex social skills Empathy. The ability to put oneself in the place of another person. Emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action (Salovey& Mayer, 1990). Assertiveness. The ability to state what one wants in a clear, direct, and honest manner without hurting anyone’s feelings or underestimating anyone’s worth, only defending one’s personal rights. Listening skills. The ability to listen carefully, attentively, and understanding what the other person wants to say and then communicating that the message has been received. Capacity to communicate feelings and emotions. The ability...

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### Cognitive impairment in people with epilepsy

- Published: 2021-02-15
- Modified: 2021-03-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/epilepsy-cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment-epilepsy/
- Categories: Epilepsy
- Tags: Brain, Cognitive Function, Cognitive Impairment, epilepsy, Neuropsychology

Can epilepsy cause cognitive decline? From NeuronUP, we would like to talk about the cognitive impairment in people with epilepsy. What is epilepsy? It is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system triggered by excessive neuronal electrical activity in one area of ​​the brain. This  neurological disorder is characterized by recurrent seizures that may be convulsive or not. How does epilepsy affect cognitive function? Cognitive functions are the mental processes that enable us to carry out activities of daily living. They allow people to cope and interact with the world around them. Cognitive functions include orientation, gnosis, attention, executive functions, praxis, language, memory, social cognition, and visuospatial skills. Most people with this chronic disorder can control the condition completely with proper treatment and lead normal lives. However, sometimes when epileptic seizures originate in certain areas of the brain such as the temporal lobe, they can lead to memory difficulties, attention and concentration problems, and slowness in information processing. In fact, attention deficits are common in children with epilepsy. Why does cognitive impairment occur? The effects of this neurological disorder on cognitive functioning may be the result of both: 1. Epilepsy itself: Age of onset. Seizure type. Seizure frequency. Seizure duration 2. Treatment: Type of medication. Medication effects. What role does neuropsychology play in epilepsy? Neuropsychological intervention is essential to identify the cognitive status of patients with this chronic disorder of the central nervous system. Neuropsychologists assess functional changes caused by this neurological disorder in order to determine whether a change of pharmacological strategy is necessary or...

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### Brain-behavior relationship: are we our brains?

- Published: 2021-02-15
- Modified: 2022-05-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/brain/brain-and-behavior-relationship/
- Categories: Brain, Neuropsychology
- Tags: Brain, Neuropsychology

The relationship between brain and behavior seems to be the successor of the famous Cartesian mind-body dualism, where the brain is the physical or biological component and behavior the mental or psychological aspect. Despite its ancient origin, the body-mind dichotomy continues to be an unresolved problem nowadays. Both concepts have been kept apart as if they were separate and distinct. However, the idea that the mind and body function separately turns out to be an impediment to scientific progress, since mind and body are related in a more complex way than one might imagine. Why do we behave in a certain way? Is the brain in charge of our actions? Try to answer the following question: What is our brain’s ultimate goal? Many people will respond:"to perceive, think, reason, or learn. "Even if it is true that the brain performs such tasks, all of them serve as the basis for an ultimate purpose: to direct behavior. For example, through our perception we can know what is happening in our environment, thereby triggering more useful and adaptive behaviors. The goal, then, is to relate specific brain events to certain behaviors. However, everything is not so simple. For example, the same behavior can be triggered by different physiological mechanisms: we can drink a beer because we are thirsty or because we feel stressed and want to take advantage of its intoxicating effect. Are we our brain? Now, try to answer the following questions: If you could transplant Einstein's brain into your body, would...

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### 6 activities to improve memory

- Published: 2021-02-15
- Modified: 2021-10-05
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-memory/activities-improve-memory/
- Categories: Activities for Memory
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Memory, Neurorehabilitation

“Memory is the diary that we all carry with us”, Oscar Wilde once wrote. Memory is the storage of information and personal experiences. It gives us the capability to learn and adapt. Thanks to memory, we are who we are. Unfortunately, there are diseases like Alzheimer's, in which memory  fades away gradually. This memory loss, however, can be confronted. At NeuronUP, we support cognitive stimulation to improve memory. In the following, we present six activities to help improve memory in adults and children: 6 activities to improve memory 1. Telling Time Checking the time is one of the most common daily tasks. We usually look at the clock several times each day. From the outset, this seems to be an easy task, though it can be difficult for people with mild dementia. They can have trouble telling time when there are different units of time (hour, minutes, etc. ). Therefore, this exercise is perfect for the therapist to practice with patients suffering from any type of dementia. It mainly focuses on semantic memory and writing skills. 2. Matching Words to Category This activity is aimed at training semantic memory. Patients must try to match words to the category to which they belong. For example, “maroon” goes with “colors”, sofa” with “furniture” and “Libya” with “countries”. To which one would you match the word “freezer”? 3. Matching Cards This NeuronUP card-matching activity consists of finding the matching pairs among the face-down cards. This exercise targets episodic memory, selective attention, and working memory. 4. Getting Dressed This task involves...

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### NeuronUP Achieves HIPAA Compliance with Compliancy Group

- Published: 2021-02-15
- Modified: 2021-09-28
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neuronup-news/neuronup-achieves-hipaa-compliance-with-compliancy-group/
- Categories: Announcements, NeuronUP News
- Tags: hipaa compliance

NeuronUP has demonstrated its good faith effort toward HIPAA compliance by completing Compliancy Group’s proprietary HIPAA compliance process. NeuronUP is pleased to announce that it has taken all necessary steps to prove its good faith effort to achieve compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Through the use of Compliancy Group’s proprietary HIPAA solution, The Guard™, NeuronUP can track their compliance program and has earned their Seal of Compliance™. The Seal of Compliance is issued to organizations that have implemented an effective HIPAA compliance program through the use of The Guard. HIPAA is made up of a set of regulatory standards governing the security, privacy, and integrity of sensitive healthcare data called protected health information (PHI). PHI is any individually identifiable healthcare-related information. If vendors who service healthcare clients come into contact with PHI in any way, those vendors must be HIPAA compliant. NeuronUP has completed Compliancy Group’s Implementation Program, adhering to the necessary regulatory standards outlined in the HIPAA Privacy Rule, Security Rule, Breach Notification Rule, Omnibus Rule, and HITECH. Compliancy Group has verified NeuronUP’s good faith effort to achieve HIPAA compliance through The Guard. “NeuronUP, the leader for professionals working in neurorehabilitation and cognitive stimulation, takes seriously the privacy of our customers’ patients and clients. HIPAA compliance ensures that we go above and beyond to protect our loyal clients and the information that they share with us. ” Clients and patients are becoming more aware of HIPAA compliance requirements and how the regulation protects their personal...

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### New series for kids with brain injury: POPI & PEPA

- Published: 2021-02-12
- Modified: 2021-09-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/new-series-for-kids-with-brain-injury-popi-pepa/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Brain Injury, brain-injured child, brain-injured children

The Fundación DACER presents Popi&Pepa, an audiovisual animated series aimed at children who are hospitalized as a result ofa brain injury. The series can be viewed on YouTube: https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=3KghtgfcYeg. The audio is in Spanish but you can enable subtitles in English or other languages. The series for kids with brain injury is based on the guidelines for intra-hospital care of pediatric patients formulated by the DACER rehabilitation team which can be consulted here. This guide was created in response to the limited information available to families regarding what they can do after their child has suffered from brain injury and is confined to a hospital bed with motor, cognitive, sensory, language, etc. sequelae which can turn them into people their families can no longer recognize. Family members feel lost, feel that everything has suddenly changed and do not know what to do to regain a sense of control. Parents spend hours and hours sitting next to their child's bed, often just watching, not daring to touch them or talk to them because they don't know how to do it. They spend sleepless nights and hours of distress because their child does not receive the stimulation needed for their brain to reorganize itself and to regain their quality of life. How to help my brain-injured child while in the hospital? The guide explains in detail what families can do to help their children while they are in the hospital. It has been shown that the brain is plastic, that is, it has...

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### Worksheets for improving attention and memory in children and adults

- Published: 2021-02-12
- Modified: 2022-02-16
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-attention/worksheets-for-improving-attention-and-memory-in-children-and-adults/
- Categories: Activities for Attention, Activities for Memory
- Tags: Activities for cognitive stimulation, Activities for improving attention, Activities for improving memory, Adult activities for cognitive stimulation, Attention, Children activities for cognitive stimulation, Memory

Worksheets for improving attention and memory are vital when training these cognitive functions in both children and adults. But why is it important to train attention and memory?

Attention is the ability that allows us to focus oncertain stimuli while ignoring others, while memory is the ability that allows us to learn from experience and thus adapt to changing environments. Without these functions, we would not be who we are. In the following, we introduce 10 worksheets that are ideal for neuropsychologists or occupational therapists to train attention and memory in both children and adults. We start with the worksheets for improving attention and memory in adults. Worksheets for improving attention and memory in adults 1.    Select Items from a Category This worksheet for improving attention and memory involves choosing a number of specific items among a group of stimuli. This activity is perfect for improving cognitive functions such as selective attention and semantic memory. 2.    Repeated Words “Repeated words” is an ideal worksheet for training selective attention and working memory. As its name suggests, clients must identify all the words that appear on the worksheet more than once. 3.      Search for Consecutive Stimuli This exercise for improving memory and attention involves looking for the given code among a group of stimuli. In the following example, whenever clients find the numbers 9 and 2 together in the box, they must mark them. 4.       Memorize the Order (open-time period) In this activity, client adults must memorize the order of the images displayed and afterwards arrange them in the same manner. This exercise targets episodic memory. Clients must memorize the order of the following images: Now, they must place them in the boxes as they appeared in...

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### Learning functional skills. Implications for rehabilitation after acquired brain injury

- Published: 2021-02-10
- Modified: 2024-03-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/acquired-brain-injury/learning-functional-skills-implications-for-rehabilitation-after-acquired-brain-injury/
- Categories: Acquired Brain Injury
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Brain Injury, Motor Learning

Over the past two decades, motor learning has been defined in many ways. While motor control focuses on understanding the control of movement already acquired, motor learning is comprised of a group of abstract ideas about how movement is acquired and/or modified, while offering a temporal perspective focused on the characteristics of the learning process. Notions related to the organization of treatments designed to maximize results, to improve transfer of learning and the design of essential activities of the rehabilitation process are, among others, issues to which motor learning attempts to offer a solution. Similarly, it is important to distinguish between two aspects related to the performance of motor actions: The process by which a motor action, task or function is carried out at a specific time and in a specific environment, known as “motor execution or performance. ” The notion of “motor learning. ” Complex interaction: perceptual, cognitive, and action systems Shumway-Cook and Woolacott define motor learning as “a set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for producing skilled action. ” However, motor learning involves more than motor processes; the mechanisms for the development of new enabling strategies require the complex interaction of perceptual, cognitive, and action systems for the performance of activities of daily living. Additionally, the development of a new skill emerges from the interaction of the individual with the activity being carried out and the environment in which this task takes place. Thus, the recovery of function or relearning requires the...

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### Neurodevelopmental disorders: concept, types and treatment

- Published: 2021-02-10
- Modified: 2021-03-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/neurodevelopmental-disorders-concept-types-and-treatment/
- Categories: ADHD, ASD, Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Tags: ADHD, ASD, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

An estimated 5% to 10% of the population are affected by neurodevelopmental disorders whichtypically onset in childhood, prior to puberty, in the developmental period.
Any changes or alterations in the complex process of brain development can result in individuals with atypical brain development.

In a significant percentage of cases, the manifestations of the disorder persist throughout the individual's lifetime, although the most recent research suggests that there are reasons for optimism regarding the treatment of some neurodevelopmental disorders in adulthood. What are neurodevelopmental disorders? Definition Neurodevelopmental disorders are "a group of heterogeneous conditions characterized by delay or disturbance in the acquisition of skills in a variety of developmental domains, including motor, social, language, and cognition" (Thapar, Cooper & Rutter, 2016). The great diversity of neurodevelopmental disorders is reflected in the fact that some of those affected show specific deficits (e. g. , difficulty maintaining focus) that do not prevent them from having an independent and fulfilling life. Others, however, will need lifelong assistance with basic living skills necessary for independent living, such as the ability to walk and feed oneself. What causes neurodevelopmental disorders? Although the aetiology remains unknown in many cases, various factors can affect normal brain development. Causes can be classified as follows: Genetic causes: for example, genetic mutations and metabolic conditions at conception. Prenatal causes: such as nutritional deficiencies and maternal infections during pregnancy. Perinatal causes: for example, those due to complications that arise during labor, typically a lack of oxygen (hypoxia). Postnatal causes: refer to factors such as traumatic brain injury, infections like meningitis or exposure to environmental toxins after birth. Types of neurodevelopmental disorders The category of neurodevelopmental disorders, as set out in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), includes: Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability is characterized...

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### Memory: definition, types, exercises and evaluation

- Published: 2021-02-09
- Modified: 2024-03-26
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-functions/memory/memory-definition-types-exercises-and-evaluation/
- Categories: Memory
- Tags: Acquired Brain Injury, Brain Injury, Motor Learning

In many ways, our memories make us who we are, they are our essence as human beings. But in order for those memories to last, they need the memory to work correctly. The memory is a concept known by all, but something we know very little about in depth. In this article we will try to address it more precisely. What is memory? Memory is a term that refers to a mental capacity whose function is to encode, store and retrieve information. That is to say, it allows us to store within us experiences such as feelings, events, images or ideas. In short, any element that belongs to our past. It is a function of the brain that is essential for our learning and therefore for our survival. Thanks to it, we can better adapt to the needs of our environment. From a morphological point of view, memory is closely related to the hippocampus, but it should be noted that there are several brain regions that influence the process. It is interesting to mention that the meaning of words is stored in the right hemisphere, childhood memories are preserved in the temporal cortex or that the frontal lobes are in charge of perception and thought. Types of memory We have three different types according to Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's multi-storage theory, which states that information goes through different stores as it is processed. Therefore, we make the following division. Sensory memory Of short duration, it registers information through the...

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### 10 Cognitive Stimulation Activities for People with Parkinson’s Disease

- Published: 2021-02-05
- Modified: 2021-08-14
- URL: https://neuronup.us/neurorehabilitation-activities/activities-for-parkinsons/10-cognitive-stimulation-activities-for-people-with-parkinsons-disease/
- Categories: Activities for Parkinson's
- Tags: Cognitive Stimulation, Executive Functions, Neurorehabilitation, Parkinson&#039;s Disease

NeuronUP has cognitive stimulation exercises to train the cognitive functions most frequently affected in people with Parkinson’s disease: attention, visuospatial skills, information processing speed and, especially, executive function. Cognitive Stimulation Activities for People with Parkinson’s Disease Task Sequencing (text-only) This kind of activity is very useful for the stimulation of executive function in people with Parkinson’s disease.  All daily activities can be divided into steps that the person must complete in order. For example, in the image above, the person must number the steps necessary to make a meal in a logical order. This activity includes both picture-only and text-only versions. Knitting a Scarf In this activity, clients must control a scarf which roams around picking up the balls of yarn, while trying to avoid hitting its own tail or the walls that surround the playing area. This exercise is an excellent choice for training visuospatial skills, sustained attention, and processing speed. Word Association “Word association” is another classic in cognitive stimulation, and is ideal for people with Parkinson’s disease. This exercise is oriented towards training language, reasoning, and semantic memory. In this example, clients must match words that are associated to each other. Another alternative is to match pictures. Intertwined A more suitable activity for people with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease, and very effective for stimulating visuospatial skills, this exercise involves forming a geometric figure by moving its vertices into shape without its sides crossing each other. Word Search Another mental activity that is a classic in cognitive stimulation is ‘word search’. It involves finding hidden words within a word search puzzle, and it is excellent...

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### Chemo brain: Do cancer survivors have cognitive impairment?

- Published: 2021-02-04
- Modified: 2021-08-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/cognitive-impairment/chemo-brain-do-cancer-survivors-have-cognitive-impairment/
- Categories: Cognitive Impairment
- Tags: Brain, Cancer, Chemobrain, chemotherapy, Cognitive Impairment, Neuropsychology, Neurorehabilitation, Neuroscience

Before answering this question, it is useful to put it into context. First, epidemiologists have observed a general increase in cancer survival in recent years, even for tumors with worse prognosis. However, there is a risk of paying the price of receiving a therapeutic intervention. We are talking about chemo brain.

What is chemo brain? Chemo brain, or chemo fog, is an adverse effect experienced by patients receiving chemotherapy. Those being currently treated and cancer survivors can have issues with cognitive impairment with special difficulty in efficiently processing information. It is important to distinguish between cognitive impairment caused by certain chemotherapeutic agents, which are neurotoxic, and cognitive changes associated with central nervous system tumors. As there are different types of chemotherapy with specific mechanisms of action, there can be varied effects on the brain and consequently, on cognitive functioning.  Diagnosing chemo brain is, therefore, challenging, since clinical analysis of each individual patient is needed. There is a lack of criteria regarding the tools that collect information to screen for chemo brain such as blood tests, brain imaging techniques or the presence of numerous other symptoms (fatigue, anxiety, pain, anemia, etc. ). In summary, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of the syndrome or the phenotype (adverse effects of treatment) of chemo brain. Common symptoms of chemo brain According to MD Anderson Center, the symptoms of chemo brain are: Difficulty concentrating on a single task. Problems with short-term memory such as forgetting details of recent events. Feeling mentally “slower” than usual. Confusing dates and appointments. How to confront chemo brain? The goal is to minimize the adverse effects of treatment and maximize cognitive function by maintaining brain health. However, it is essential to take comorbidity into account and conditions such as cancer-related fatigue or sleep problems. Evidence suggests that the optimization of cognitive functions is based on: Physical activity. Administration of cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive stimulation. Environmental modifications and psychoeducation. Bibliography Allemani C, Matsuda T, Di Carlo V, Harewood R,...

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### Phobias and the brain: Eliminating phobias

- Published: 2021-02-03
- Modified: 2021-09-02
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/mental-disorder/anxiety-disorder/phobia/phobias-and-the-brain-eliminating-phobias/
- Categories: Phobia
- Tags: Anxiety, Brain, Phobia, Scientific Dissemination

A phobia is an intense fear that appears immediately when faced with a specific object or situation. Most common phobias include fear of certain animals or insects, flying, heights, injections or blood. However, phobic situations and objects can vary greatly. Fear should help protect us; with a phobia though, the fear is maladaptive and can become an obstacle in our daily routine. Phobias are learned just like any other fear and are accompanied by plastic changes in the brain that occur very quickly and are very resistant to extinction, as the body feels that its very survival would be at stake if the fear ceased. The brain structure that plays a critical role in phobias is the amygdala that is commonly associated with emotions (especially fear). The amygdala is responsible for connecting the fear-arousing stimulus with theenvironmental contextin which it is occurring. In addition, the amygdala triggers responses from the body to react quickly to threat and danger. How to tell if you have a phobia According to the diagnostic criteria of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the features of phobias are described below: The phobic object or situation is actively avoided. Individuals refuse to stay in the feared situation, something that can lead to a deterioration in quality of life, especially if the phobic stimulus is encountered on a day-to-day basis. The fear or anxiety is persistent, usually lasting for 6 months or more. Individuals with specific phobia recognize that their anxietyis out of proportion to...

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### 12 ways to support your friend with Tourette’s

- Published: 2021-02-02
- Modified: 2022-09-30
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/neurodevelopmental-disorders/tourette-syndrome/12-ways-to-support-your-friend-with-tourettes/
- Categories: Tourette syndrome
- Tags: Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rare Diseases, Tics, Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) can be very strange to those who do not know or understand it. This week we celebrate the European Tourette Syndrome Awareness Day (June 7th) by providing a few recommendations on how to treat people who suffer from it. These recommendations have been confirmed by the testimonies of people with Tourette’s, the members of the Asociación Madrileña de Síndrome de Tourette y Trastornos Asociados (Madrid Association of Patients with Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders or AMPASTTA, for its acronym in Spanish) (See Acknowledgements) Thank you all so much! Let’s start from the beginning: what is Tourette syndrome? Tourette syndrome is the most widely known tic disorder. Tics are movements (motor tics) or sounds (phonic tics), but they are always involuntary, sudden, and not goal-directed like voluntary movements or the voluntary emission of words and sounds. It is estimated that 90% of people with Tourette syndrome have other symptoms and/or associated disorders (such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder—ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder—OCD, and/or autism spectrum disorder—ASD) and only 10% of people with Tourette’s have tics as their only symptom. In this post, we will focus on tics because they are the main symptom used for diagnosis and because is also the most visible. 12 ways to support your friend with Tourette’s Tourette syndrome can be a difficult topic to talk about, both for the individuals who have it and for those interacting with them. But as with any other disorder, it is important not to ignore it, and instead, to...

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### Occupational therapy: Characteristics, goals, and functions

- Published: 2021-02-02
- Modified: 2021-05-03
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/occupational-therapy/occupational-therapy-characteristics-goals-and-functions/
- Categories: Occupational therapy
- Tags: Activities of Daily Living, Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy

Occupational Therapy (OT) is a health profession recognized by law (Law 44/2003 of 21 November on the Regulation of Health Professions); entry to occupational therapy practice requires specific university-level education. Occupational therapists, as members of transdisciplinary teams working in health and social settings,have direct contact with people with different types of disabilities, different levels of dependency or functional limitations, and/or with people who are restricted in their social participation; therefore, the implementation of OT interventions has a direct effect on the health, personal autonomy, and quality of life of people. Occupational therapy occupies a privileged position in the rehabilitation process: when addressing activities of daily living (ADLs), it is necessary to coordinate physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects to achieve the patient’shighest level of function(1). Occupational therapy is regulated by different laws and regulations. Article 7 of the Law on the Regulation of Health Professions defines the role of occupational therapists as follows: “Occupational therapists are university graduates in occupational therapy responsible for implementing techniques and carrying out activities of an occupational nature to enhance or compensate for diminished or lost physical or cognitive functions, and to guide and increase development of such functions”(2). If, on the other hand,we take the consensus definitions across the European environment such as those of the ENOTHE terminology group(3), the term “occupation” is defined as such: “A group of activities that has personal and socio-cultural meaning, is named within a culture and supports participation in society. Occupation can be categorised as self-care, productivity and/or leisure. ” For an...

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### Updated laws and news related to teletherapy for neurorehabilitation professionals

- Published: 2020-05-13
- Modified: 2021-11-10
- URL: https://neuronup.us/cognitive-stimulation-news/updated-laws-and-news-related-to-teletherapy-for-neurorehabilitation-professionals/
- Categories: Cognitive Stimulation News
- Tags: Covid-19, NeuronUP2GO, remote therapy, telehealth, telemedicine, Telerehabilitation, teletherapy

NeuronUP is an online platform with thousands of cognitive stimulation for professionals working in neurorehabilitation interventions.   The platform has long featured a form of asynchronous teletherapy called NeuronUP2GO, allowing the professional to create and send digital materials for their patients to do at home while maintaining visibility on the patients progress in real time. Telerehabilitation, teletherapy, e-therapy, telemedicine, telehealth, remote therapy are just a few of the terms being used during the Covid-19 pandemic as solutions for the new way rehabilitation professionals to approach their work. They all fall under the same category of ways that allow professionals to perform healthcare services like cognitive rehabilitation remotely through ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and the Internet. It is characterized by the fact that the professional and the person to be rehabilitated are not in the same place. The advantages of telerehabilitation seem very clear: Continuing rehabilitation from the comfort of the patient’s own home at any time of the dayKeeping up with therapy at a distance when the patient or professional is sick, working out of town or on vacation. Avoiding travel, being very important for people with mobility problems. Reinforcing the activities worked on in the clinic or facilityExpanding the the clinic’s reach by managing the rehabilitation of patients located in different parts of the world. As new information is released daily and rules vary differently, NeuronUP wanted to gather in one place information related to new rules and regulation related to the use of telecommunication platforms for therapy for our clients to help keep them up...

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